The treatment of ACTH Paraneoplastic syndrome with aminoglutethimide.

A 60-year-old white female with oat-cell carcinoma of the lung presents with a recurrent pulmonary nodule and Cushing syndrome. The tumor is uncontrollable with MeCCNU and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), consequently the symptoms of Cushing disease become severe. Cushing syndrome is documented by laboratory examinations. Aminoglutethimide, an anticonvulsant, is used to reverse the symptomatology and also the laboratory values. When aminoglutethimide is discontinued, the laboratory findings return to pretreatment levels.     

Chemotherapeutic sensitivity of liver metastases from intrasplenically-growing Lewis lung tumor

A recently developed metastatic tumor model was used to study the therapeutic response of liver metastases derived from intrasplenically growing LLT. Treatment was performed on the day following surgical removal of the 'primary tumor'. The life-span of tumor-bearing animals and the number and volume of liver metastases were measured. Cyclophosphamide and 13324 (a new bifunctional nitrosoureido derivative) proved to be most effective. Some other drugs (5-FU, MeCCNU, Lycurim) showed a temporary regression in the formation of macrometastases without influencing the life-span. Adriamycin was slightly more effective given i.p. than i.v.     

Selective action of alkylating agents against cells participating in suppression of antibody responses

The effect of several alkylating agents on the induction and expression of specific suppressor cell activity induced by supraoptimal immunization (SOI) with (4 x 10(9) ) SRBC was studied. Splenocytes taken 8-28 days after SOI and transferred to normal syngeneic recipients together with optimal dose of (3 x 10(8) ) SRBC caused 70-90% suppression. By contrast splenocytes harvested 2 days after SOI did not exert a significant suppressive effect. Treatment of donor mice with 30 mg/kg BCNU, CCNU, or MeCCNU, 8 mg/kg Melphalan or as much as 200 mg/kg Cy 2 days before SOI uniformly had no effect on the subsequent development of suppressor cells. By contrast, different drugs had diverse effects when injected after SOI: both BCNU and Cy injected 2 days post SOI alleviated suppression, whereas CCNU, MeCCNU and Melphalan injected 2 days post SOI were without effect. Another diversity between BCNU and Cy was noticed when the administration of drugs was delayed further. While Cy alleviated suppression 12 days post SOI, BCNU was ineffective at this time. Dose response and time course studies revealed that the effect of Cy was most severe when injected 2 days post SOI and gradually diminished with the passage of time after SOI. These results have been discussed in the light of the current concepts of multiple cell participation in the induction and expression of suppressor cell function.     

Establishment and chemical transformation of human skin epithelial cells in vitro

Summary This paper describes the in vitro establishment and chemical treatment of human foreskin epithelial cells which transform the cells to an anchorage-independent state as demonstrated by growth in soft agar. The procedures described include (a) production of primary cultures of human epithelial cells, (b) cytotoxicity determination of putative chemical carcinogens, (c) chemical transformation protocol, and (d) evaluation of chemical transformation as indicated by anchorage-independent growth.     

Study of the diffusion of some emulsions in the human skin by pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy

We previously used pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PPAS) to quantify sunscreen diffusion into human skin, and suggested a methodology to evaluate the time and the depth diffusion profile. These results were obtained by the analysis of the photoacoustic maximum response signal Pmax decrease, the time delay tmax and the Fourier transform representation of the photoacoustic signal. In this study we present the results obtained for diffusion of four typical emulsions used in sunscreen compositions that show, for the first time, a particular behaviour for one of these emulsions due to a chemical reaction inside the skin during the diffusion process. This result provides a particularly interesting technique through the PPAS, to evaluate in situ the eventual chemical reactions that can occur during drug diffusion into human skin.     

Effect of cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A on the chemical bonds and ultrastructure of human sclera

This study examined the effect of the cross-linking with riboflavin-ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation on the chemical bonds and ultrastructural changes of human sclera tissues using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman spectroscopy of the normal and cross-linked human sclera tissue revealed different types of the riboflavin-UVA and collagen interactions, which could be identified from their unique peaks, intensity, and shape. Raman spectroscopy can prove to be a powerful tool for examining the chemical bond of collagenous tissues at the molecular level. After riboflavin-UVA treatment, unlike a regular parallel arrangement of normal collagen fibrils, the AFM image revealed interlocking arrangements of collagen fibrils. The observed changes in the surface topography of the collagen fibrils, as well as in their chemical bonds in the sclera tissue, support the formation of interfibrilar cross-links in sclera tissues.     

High throughput testing of the SV40 Large T antigen binding to cellular p53 identifies putative drugs for the treatment of SV40-related cancers

SV40 has been linked to some human malignancies, and the evidence that this virus plays a causative role in mesothelioma and brain tumors is mounting. The major SV40 oncoprotein is the Large tumor antigen (Tag). A key Tag transforming activity is connected to its capability to bind and inactivate cellular p53. In this study we developed an effective, high throughput, ELISA-based method to study Tag-p53 interaction in vitro. This assay allowed us to screen a chemical library and to identify a chemical inhibitor of the Tag binding to p53. We propose that our in vitro assay is a useful method to identify molecules that may be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of SV40-related human cancers.     

成人侧脑室下区Nestin阳性细胞的免疫组化观察

目的　探讨成人侧脑室下区 (SVZ)Nestin阳性细胞的分布及其化学特点。方法　采用 3 3 1B、10C2、Rat4 0 1、GFAP、NSE和viminten等神经细胞标志物对成人SVZ区进行免疫组织化学研究。结果　SVZ区存在较多Nestin反应阳性细胞 ,GFAP免疫阳性细胞及较少的NSE免疫阳性细胞。Nestin免疫反应阳性细胞可分为两类 ,一类为卵圆形 ,胞体较大 ,少有纤维突起 ;一类为星形 ,胞体较小 ,发出多支放射状的纤维突起。Nestin免疫阳性细胞均不与GFAP及NSE发生交叉反应。成人SVZ区细胞未见有viminten的表达。结论　成人SVZ区可能存在神经前体细胞和星形胶质样Nestin免疫阳性细胞。     

Human and porcine pancreatic elastases: the comparative enzymatic activity with human and bovine elastins

Elastase from human pancreas was purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography with an 85% yield and to approximately 95% homogenicity as judged by discontinuous slab-gel electrophoresis. The human enzyme differed in chemical and enzymatic properties in comparison to porcine pancreatic elastase. Human elastase antiserum exhibited no cross-reactivity with porcine elastase, but precipitated the human enzyme. The human elastase possessed 25% of the enzymatic activity of porcine elastase in solubilizing alkaline-extracted bovine elastin, but solubilized human aortic elastin at a much higher rate. The results initially suggested a substrate specificity by human elastase for human elastin, but additional data indicated that the method of purification of elastins significantly affected the rates of solubilization by both human and porcine pancreatic elastase.     

Regional differences in the chemical composition of the human tibia

The chemical homogeneity in all parts of the bone compacta was investigated in 2 human tibiae taken from male cadavers. The ash and nitrogen contents were used as parameters of the chemical homogeneity. Analyses for calcium and phosphorus were performed in addition to characterize the ash content. The mineral components reached their highest levels in the middle of the diaphysis, but the ash contents decline in the directions towards the epiphysis. The distributions of the values for the organic compounds (nitrogen) show a converse pattern. The nitrogen content was highest especially at points where tendons are anchored in the compacta. The ash or mineral content is approximately proportional to the density of the dry bone substance. The chemical composition of the bone compacta can therefore be used to draw conclusions regarding zones that are subject to different functional loads.     

具长效性重组人血清白蛋白/粒细胞刺激因子融合蛋白的理化特性研究

目的对符合制药要求的高纯度重组人血清白蛋白/粒细胞刺激因子融合蛋白原料药开展理化特性研究。方法利用基因工程技术构建了可高效表达重组人血清白蛋白/粒细胞刺激因子融合蛋白（rHSA/GCSF）的毕赤酵母工程菌,rHSA/GCSF直接分泌到组分简单的无机盐培养基中,而后经特别建立的高效分离纯化工艺进行分离纯化。通过理化分析手段,首次获得rHSA/GCSF的多项理化特性指标和结果。结果 rHSA/GCSF原料药的蛋白质纯度达到98%以上;肽质量指纹图谱匹配率为84%;N-端氨基酸序列前15个氨基酸与理论序列相符;质谱分子量测定结果为85305D,与理论分子量85215D值相近;自由巯基含量为2.4;融合蛋白经圆二色光谱分析比对表明HSA和GCSF各自的空间构象未变;等电点（pI）约为5.8;融合蛋白为非糖基化蛋白、紫外光谱呈现典型蛋白质光谱;原料药中的细菌内毒素、宿主蛋白质、外源性DNA、甲醇和甘油的残留量符合作为药物的要求。融合蛋白的免疫学鉴别为阳性;体外细胞学生物比活性测定结果值为1.5×107IU/mg,与单体rGCSF的等摩尔比没有显著差异。结论研究获得的方法和结果可作为指导《注射用重组人血清白蛋白/粒细胞刺激因子融合蛋白》原料药的质量标准和制检规程的基础。     

Evaluation of Histoplasmin for the Presence of H and M Antigens: Some Difficulties Encountered in the Production and Evaluation of a Product Suitable for the Immunodiffusion Test

The development of a single histoplasmin suitable for use in immunodiffusion testing of a variety of human histoplasmosis sera depends not only upon the presence of both antigens, but on relative concentration of one to the other, and perhaps on the chemical characteristics of the H and M antigens of a given strain.     

Immunological consequence of sulfur mustard exposure

Global reports indicate that chemical weapons still impose a serious threat to world security and health. Sulfur mustard is a chemical compound with devastating short and long-term effect on human health.     

Chemical load in the population and its evaluation

Human health is determined by the interplay between heredity and the environment. Air, water, food and soil contain chemical, physical and biological agents some of which are known to be harmful to health. Chemical substances that pose the risk to human health and safety and to the environment are subject to governmental regulation. The regulatory decision-making process and regulatory actions are based on two distinct elements: risk assessment and risk management. Air pollution (outdoor, indoor) is a world problem afflicting densely populated urban centers and heavily industrialised areas. Industrialization and the widespread use of chemicals coupled with modern intensive agricultural practices have raised a global concern about the contamination of soil and water. Three categories of environmental chemical contaminants generally occur in food--natural and synthetic organic compounds and traces of toxic metals. Human health protection against chemical exposure can be realised in three ways. Environmental monitoring assesses exposure to a chemical agent by measuring its concentration in the environment (i.e., air, soil, food, water). Biological monitoring assesses internal exposure to a chemical agent by measuring the chemical, its metabolites or nonadverse biological response in body fluids, tissues, expired air or excreta. Health surveillance entails the periodic medical examinations of exposed humans with the purpose of protecting health and preventing disease.     

针灸人体穴位对应脑部区域特征代谢改变规律的研究方法探讨

随着国内外对针灸作用机制及理论的研究深入,明确针灸治疗脑部疾病的物理、化学和生物学效应突显重要。本文在分析针刺相关穴位对相关脑结构具有区域特异性的基础上,创造性地提出了研究脑部相关特异性区域中的相关代谢物定量表征的两种方法,进一步探讨了利用这种表征手段来研究针刺部位、手法、时间等参数作用于相关部位产生代谢改变状况的优越性。     

In vitro models for studying the molecular biology of carcinogenesis

Although carcinogens cause various similar deleterious effects on rodent and human cells, only rodent cells can convert to malignancy in a quantitative, predictable fashion. Therefore, the control mechanisms involving indefinite proliferation and tumorigenicity are different. Human cell lines may exhibit normal or aneuploid chromosome constitutions with numerical or structural alterations frequently involving proto-oncogene loci, but fail to produce progressively growing tumors in nude mice. A new approach for obtaining human cells susceptible to malignant transformation by chemical or physical carcinogens is to use DNA from a cancer associated virus. Transfection of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA associated with genital cancer can extend life-span of human cells; post-X-irradiated cells grow in agar suspension. Southern blot analysis of extracted DNA indicates that HPV sequences persist. Similar results are obtained with human fibroblast and epithelial cells.     

The molecular weight of the endothelial cell IL-1 receptor is 78,000

Human endothelial cells have been shown to be distinctive from other IL-1 responsive cells (e.g. murine thymocytes), in the equal units of murine and human IL-1 do not have the same endothelial cell stimulatory effect, as measured by increased lymphocyte adherence. In this paper, the cell surface IL-1 receptors of human endothelial cells, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes have been compared, to investigate whether endothelial cells have a unique receptor for IL-1. IL-1 receptors were isolated by both immunoprecipitation and chemical cross-linking to the ligand. Both techniques demonstrated that human endothelial cells are similar to human T-lymphocytes and fibroblasts, in that they all have a 78,000 mol. wt IL-1 receptor.     

C4 from C4-high and C4-low mouse strains have identical sequences in the region corresponding to the isotype-specific segment of human C4

The human complement component C4 isotypes, C4A and C4B, show a substantial and biologically important difference in chemical reactivity. Murine C4 from different mouse strains has recently been reported to have a comparable difference in reactivity. In human C4, the difference in reactivity has been attributed to the effect(s) of one or more of only four amino acid residues, within a six-residue-long segment of the alpha subunit, which distinguish the two isotypes. In the present study, we sought to assess the role of the corresponding four amino acids in mouse C4 in the strain-specific modulation of C4 reactivity. In order to compare the sequences of the corresponding region in murine C4 among different mouse strains, we used the polymerase chain reaction method to amplify an approximately 229-bp segment of the murine gene that includes the codons for these four amino acid residues. Because the difference in chemical reactivity of murine C4 has been reported to be between C4 from strains which express different levels of C4, we examined sequences from mouse strains C57BL/6, DBA/2, C3H/He, B10.BR and CBA/J; these represent two C4-high strains and three C4-low strains. The amplified segments were cloned into the pUC19 vector and 20 independent clones from each mouse strain were sequenced. Across the entire amplified segment, our results revealed expected isotypic differences between C4 and its nonfunctional isotype in the mouse, Slp, as well as allelic differences among the C4 and Slp genes. However, all of these differences were quite distant from the amino acid residues corresponding to the human isotype-specific residues and those corresponding residues were identical in all five mouse strains. This result indicates that any strain-specific difference in chemical reactivity of murine C4 must be due to a mechanism distinct from that operating in human C4.     

特异识别人脑乙酰胆碱酯酶抗原表位的单克隆抗体1F9

目的 :为了进一步研究乙酰胆碱酯酶的功能和结构以及精确地确定抗体对位与抗原表位的关系 ,我们采用单克隆抗体对人脑AChE的肽库进行筛选 ,希望能找到一对一的表位对位关系。方法 :采用MGeyson的方法化学合成人脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的十肽肽库 ,十肽N端生物素化后用于ELISA检测。结果 :我们用鼠抗电鳐乙酰胆碱酯酶的单抗 1F9筛选人脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的十肽肽库 ,得到 1个抗原表位 111。结论 :抗原表位 111可以被兔抗人脑AChE的多抗和鼠抗电鳐乙酰胆碱酯酶的单抗 1F9识别 ,表明此表位序列在人脑AChE和电鳐AChE中是高度保守的。