超声内镜对上消化道隆起病变诊断价值的临床研究

目的探讨内镜超声不同频率探头对上消化道隆起病变的诊断价值。方法应用不同频率超声探头对180例食管、胃、十二指肠黏膜及黏膜下隆起性病变进行超声检查,总结内镜超声特点,并与最终EMR、ESD或外科手术得出的病理诊断相比较。结果发现慢性炎症71例,上消化道早癌10例,表现为黏膜层等回声或稍低回声改变,病变均未突破黏膜下层。间质瘤或平滑肌瘤46例,多位于食管或胃,表现为黏膜肌层及以下各层次的均匀或不均匀低回声为主,外覆强回声包膜,两者在超声下很难区别。脂肪瘤10例,多位于胃体及胃窦,表现为黏膜下层边界清楚的强回声。囊肿14例,多位于十二指肠,表现为位于黏膜下层的单房或多房性的无回声区,包膜完整。恶性淋巴瘤1例,位于胃体,表现为局部黏膜肌层及黏膜下层增厚,呈中低回声,不均匀,较少侵及固有肌层。血管性病变(血管瘤、静脉曲张)12例,多位于食管及胃底,表现为黏膜及黏膜下层的无回声,部分中高回声,圆形或不规则形,散在或成簇状分布,部分互相沟通。另外还有食管结核2例,异位胰腺6例,壁外压迫10例。超声与最终诊断结果均相符。结论内镜不同频率探头超声检查可以明确上消化道黏膜及黏膜下隆起病变的大小,消化管壁起源和边界,根据超声特征对黏膜及黏膜下病变的良恶性判断有一定的价值,同时能与腔外压迫性病变相鉴别。     

直肠类癌的内镜超声诊断和内镜黏膜下切除

目的 研究内镜超声对直肠类癌的诊断价值，探讨内镜下黏膜切除术治疗直肠类癌的应用价值。方法 应用微超声探头对结肠镜发现的黏膜正常的大肠隆起性病灶进行超声检查，对诊断直肠类癌病例应用套扎器对准病灶负压吸引进行圈套结扎，再在皮圈根部连皮圈电切病灶。比较内镜超声诊断和病理检查结果，观察切除标本基底有无肿瘤累及。结果 126例黏膜正常的大肠隆起性病灶经内镜超声诊断，25例直肠类癌全部得到病理证实。直肠类癌表现为黏膜下层的边界清晰、回声欠均匀的低回声肿块。全部类癌病例无固有肌层和血管浸润，行内镜黏膜下切除无一例出现出血和穿孔，切除标本边缘和基底无肿瘤累及。结论 内镜超声可以明确直肠类癌的肠壁来源、大小、内部回声性质、边界、有无肌层和周围血管浸润，内镜下黏膜切除术治疗直肠类癌疗效确切。     

超声微探头在上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变中的诊断和指导治疗方式价值

目的探讨超声微探头在上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变中的诊断和治疗价值。方法对胃镜检查发现隆起性病变91例患者进行超声微探头检查,根据超声胃镜图像特点选择治疗方案;并对部分内镜治疗或手术切除病例进行超声微探头复查。结果发现外压性改变5例,黏膜下肿瘤86例,包括良性间质瘤50例,恶性间质瘤3例,浸润性癌5例,胃或食管癌手术后吻合口隆起8例,胃淋巴瘤1例,胃黏膜皱襞肥大2例,Brunner腺增生1例,脂肪瘤2例,异位胰腺2例,孤立性静脉瘤7例,静脉曲张4例,囊肿1例。28例黏膜肌层良性间质瘤和2例黏膜下层脂肪瘤采用胃镜下高频电凝切除,11例黏膜肌层间质瘤术后6个月超声微探头复查有3例在原切除部位见到残留的瘤体,胃或食管癌手术后吻合口隆起8例中4例复发并经病理学证实。结论超声微探头能显示黏膜下隆起病变的层次和性质,有利于治疗方案的选择和对治疗效果的评价,从而提高胃镜医师的诊断水平。     

高频超声小探头引导内镜下切除消化道表浅隆起性病变

目的 探讨经内镜高频超声小探头引导内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道表浅隆起性病变的安全性、可行性.方法 对普通内镜下发现的67例消化道表浅隆起性病变,经内镜活检钳道插入高频超声小探头进行检查,对其中39例显示病变来源于黏膜层、黏膜肌层及黏膜下层的病变行内镜下黏膜切除术.切除的病变送病理检查.结果 16例消化道息肉、2例异位胰腺、14例间质瘤、3例脂肪瘤,3例类癌,1例早期胃癌共39例病变内镜下完全切除.操作过程顺利,其中一例出现术后迟发性出血,给予内镜下成功止血,无其他严重并发症出现,病理符合率87.1%.结论 高频超声小探头检查可初步明确病变来源及层次,安全有效地指导消化道表浅隆起性病变黏膜切除术治疗.     

直肠子宫内膜异位症10例临床分析

目的分析直肠子宫内膜异位症的临床特点及诊治方法。 方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月江苏省苏北人民医院经手术病理确诊的10例直肠子宫内膜异位患者的临床资料及超声内镜检查结果。 结果10例患者肠镜下表现为直肠前壁或侧壁黏膜下隆起性病变。病灶距肛门口5~15 cm，大小为1.5~2.8 cm。其中4例误诊为直肠良性肿瘤或者直肠癌，误诊率达40.0%（4/10）。10例患者均经超声内镜检查诊断为直肠子宫内膜异位症，超声内镜检查见病灶位于直肠黏膜下及固有肌层，呈低回声影，内部回声不匀，部分突破外膜累及子宫。 结论直肠子宫内膜异位症虽然误诊率较高，但超声内镜检查有助于辅助诊断，提高诊断准确率。     

超声内镜检查在消化道隆起性病变应用中的临床价值

目的 评价超声内镜检查在消化道隆起性病变应用中的临床价值.方法 用超声内镜及超声小探头检查126例消化道隆起性病变患者,其中105例行无痛超声内镜检查.结果 息肉13例,癌4例,囊肿13例,血管瘤2例,异位胰腺2例,炎性隆起3例,胃黏膜异位2例,黏膜下肿瘤61例,壁外压迫14例,未见异常11例,均明确了病变起源层次.对部分病例进行内镜下或外科手术治疗,术后病理诊断与超声内镜诊断符合率92%.结论 应用超声内镜检查可以明确上、下消化道隆起性病变的起源(定位)和初步诊断,对隆起性病变的治疗方案具有指导意义.     

内镜超声检查术对上消化道异位胰腺的诊治价值

目的 探讨超声内镜对上消化道异位胰腺的诊治价值.方法 总结近年来于消化内镜中心经超声内镜诊断为异位胰腺并行病理检查的52例患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其图像特征及诊断准确率.结果 52例内镜超声诊断的异位胰腺者中41例患者经病理证实为异位胰腺,超声内镜诊断符合率为78.85%(41/52),其余6例为间质瘤,4例为平滑肌瘤,1例为神经鞘瘤.超声内镜下上消化道异位胰腺均表现为隆起性病变,病变位于胃窦37例,十二指肠2例,胃体1例,胃底1例;表现为高回声1例,中等回声10例,低回声18例,混杂回声12例;累及至黏膜层2例,黏膜肌层8例,黏膜下层30例,固有肌层1例.对其中不超过黏膜下层的15例行内镜下切除,2例出血,余无并发症出现.随访半年以上,1例复发,余无复发且伤口愈合良好.结论 超声内镜对上消化道异位胰腺有重要的诊断价值,并可根据超声内镜所显示的病变深度决定下一步治疗,内镜下治疗是安全有效的.     

内镜超声检查术对上消化道异位胰腺的诊治价值

目的 探讨超声内镜对上消化道异位胰腺的诊治价值.方法 总结近年来于消化内镜中心经超声内镜诊断为异位胰腺并行病理检查的52例患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其图像特征及诊断准确率.结果 52例内镜超声诊断的异位胰腺者中41例患者经病理证实为异位胰腺,超声内镜诊断符合率为78.85%(41/52),其余6例为间质瘤,4例为平滑肌瘤,1例为神经鞘瘤.超声内镜下上消化道异位胰腺均表现为隆起性病变,病变位于胃窦37例,十二指肠2例,胃体1例,胃底1例;表现为高回声1例,中等回声10例,低回声18例,混杂回声12例;累及至黏膜层2例,黏膜肌层8例,黏膜下层30例,固有肌层1例.对其中不超过黏膜下层的15例行内镜下切除,2例出血,余无并发症出现.随访半年以上,1例复发,余无复发且伤口愈合良好.结论 超声内镜对上消化道异位胰腺有重要的诊断价值,并可根据超声内镜所显示的病变深度决定下一步治疗,内镜下治疗是安全有效的.     

微探头超声指导内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变的价值

背景：微探头超声（MPS）能对上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变进行较准确的定位,并初步定性诊断,内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）可完整切除病变,目前MPS指导ESD治疗上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变的研究少见。目的：评价MPS指导ESD治疗上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变的价值。方法：对胃镜检查发现的89例上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变行MPS检查,比较两者的诊断准确率。然后采用ESD切除病变,分析手术情况。结果：上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变以平滑肌瘤和间质瘤为主,MPS对上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变的总体诊断准确率显著高于胃镜（83．1％对51．7％,P〈0．05）。82例病变位于黏膜肌层或黏膜下层,平均直径为12．6mm,平均手术时间28．2min,ESD完整切除率100％;5例病变位于固有肌层,平均直径为13．8mm,平均手术时间48．5min,ESD完整切除率71．4％,其余2例固有肌层病变因难以控制的出血和黏连而行外科手术。所有患者术后随访无病变残留和复发。结论：MPS可对上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变作出较准确的判断,应作为内镜下治疗的术前常规检查。MPS引导ESD治疗上消化道黏膜下隆起性病变安全、有效。     

内镜下套扎联合电切法治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤的临床应用

食管黏膜下肿瘤是食管常见的隆起性病变,种类较多,单纯常规内镜下检查有些病灶无法确定起源深度,不利于进一步选择治疗方案。近年来随着超声内镜的广泛应用及内镜技术的发展,食管黏膜下肿瘤的起源层次得到了明确的诊断,对选择治疗有一定帮助。2011年4月至2013年2月,我们通过小探头超声检查剔除固有肌层起源的食管黏膜下肿瘤,采取橡皮圈套扎加电切术来处理起源于黏膜肌层或黏膜下层的食管黏膜下肿瘤,取得较好的疗效。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.