伴放线放线杆菌flp-1基因遗传多样性分析

目的:分析伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)临床分离菌株菌毛结构基因flp-1的遗传多样性和flp-1基因与菌株表型之间的关系.方法:对从不同牙周状况患者口腔中分离的60株Aa(57株粗糙型,3株传代转变成光滑型)和6株Aa标准菌株(光滑型)进行flp-1基因扩增,并通过PCR限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法分析临床分离菌株flp-1基因的遗传多样性.结果:所有57株粗糙型菌株和9株光滑型菌株都检测到flp-1基因;60株临床分离菌株检测到5种flp-1基因型,其中基因型2型占67%,共有40株.结论:Aa菌株表型的改变不伴有flp-1基因缺失;Aa临床分离菌株flp-1基因具有遗传多样性,基因型主要为2型.     

伴放线放线杆菌血液感染菌株的血清型分析

目的探讨不同血清型伴放线放线杆菌在全身血液感染中的分布规律。方法采用聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）方法对29株从全身感染患者血液中分离培养的伴放线放线杆菌菌株进行血清型分析,采用ATCC 29523（血清型a）、ATCC 43718（血清型b）、ATCC 33384（血清型c）、IDH781（血清型d）、IDH1705（血清型e）以及CU1000（血清型f）作为伴放线放线杆菌参考菌株。根据伴放线放线杆菌不同血清型特异性多糖抗原基因序列设计6对不同的寡核苷酸引物,用这6对引物分别对上述菌株的DNA进行PCR扩增分析。结果每一对引物均针对相应血清型的参考菌株产生特异性单一条带PCR产物,血清型a、b、c、d、e、f菌株的PCR产物大小分别为428、298、559、690、211、232bp。29株血源性临床分离菌株中血清型b16株（55%）,血清型a和c各4株（14%）,血清型d和f各2株（7%）,还有1株无法鉴定为上述任何一种血清型。结论血液中分离培养的伴放线放线杆菌以血清型b为主,其次是血清型a和c。     

采用PCR方法鉴别伴放线放线杆菌的6种血清型

目的：探索采用PCR的方法对伴放线放线杆菌的不同菌株进行血清型分类。方法：根据伴放线放线杆菌不同血清型特异性多糖抗原基因序列设计6对不同的寡核苷酸引物，用这6对引物分别对所选择伴放线放线杆菌6种不同的血清型菌株各3株，共18株，其中参考菌株6株，系ATCC29523（血清型a），ATCC43718（血清型b），ATCC33384（血清型c），IDH781（血清型d），IDH1705（血清型e）以及CU1000（血清型f），其余12个菌株均为临床分离株的DNA进行PCR扩增分析。结果：每一对引物均针对相应的血清型产生特异性单一条带PCR产物，产物大小分别为428bp（a），298bp（b），559bp（c），690bp（d），211bp（e），232bp（f）。全部18个菌株均能够被准确识别，无交叉反应。结论：PCR方法可以快速准确地鉴别伴放线放线杆菌目前已知的全部6种血清型。     

放线共生放线杆菌白细胞毒素水平检测

目的　检测放线共生放线杆菌 (Actinobacillusactinomycetemcomitans,Aa)临床分离菌株白细胞毒素水平 ,区分高毒株与低毒株。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR)检测白细胞毒素操纵子启动子区域基因序列的差异。检测临床菌株 6 8株 ,其中b型 17株 ,c型 42株 ,a型9株。阳性对照高毒株为JP2 ,低毒株为ATCC43717等 5株Aa国际参考菌株 ,阴性对照为 12株异种菌国际参考菌株。结果　 6 8株临床分离菌株扩增片段均为 10 2 2bp ,JP2扩增片段为 492bp ,ATCC43717等 5株扩增片段均为 10 2 2bp ,12株异种菌参考菌株无扩增片段出现。结论　 6 8株临床分离菌株全部为低毒株     

伴放线放线杆菌血清型b菌株中磷酸胆碱的检测

目的检测伴放线放线杆菌(Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)血清型b菌株细胞中是否存在磷酸胆碱。方法采用免疫荧光显微镜技术、狭线印迹法、十二烷硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹法等方法,用磷酸胆碱特异性单克隆抗体TEPC-15作为检测抗体,检测12株Aa血清型b菌株中的磷酸胆碱。结果通过狭线印迹法在Aa中可以检测到磷酸胆碱,12个血清型b菌株中,5个菌株为磷酸胆碱阳性,占总数的41.7%;免疫荧光显微镜观察结果提示该结构位于Aa的表面,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳免疫印迹法显示,磷酸胆碱附着的结构分子量大小约为9 kDa,免疫荧光显微镜和电泳免疫印迹法的阳性菌与狭线印迹法的阳性菌相同。结论 Aa血清型b菌株细胞中可以检测到磷酸胆碱,该结构可能位于Aa的表面。     

Detection of the phosphorylcholine epitope in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype-b strains

目的 检测伴放线放线杆菌(Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)血清型b菌株细胞中是否存在磷酸胆碱.方法 采用免疫荧光显微镜技术、狭线印迹法、十二烷硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹法等方法,用磷酸胆碱特异性单克隆抗体TEPC-15作为检测抗体,检测12株Aa血清型b菌株中的磷酸胆碱.结果 通过狭线印迹法在Aa中可以检测到磷酸胆碱,12个血清型b菌株中,5个菌株为磷酸胆碱阳性,占总数的41.7％;免疫荧光显微镜观察结果提示该结构位于Aa的表面,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳免疫印迹法显示,磷酸胆碱附着的结构分子量大小约为9 kDa,免疫荧光显微镜和电泳免疫印迹法的阳性菌与狭线印迹法的阳性菌相同.结论 Aa血清型b菌株细胞中可以检测到磷酸胆碱,该结构可能位于Aa的表面.     

伴放线放线杆菌粘附特性研究

目的分析伴放线放线杆菌的粘附特性及菌毛结构基因tip-1的遗传多样性对菌株粘附活动的影响。方法检测不同孵育条件下5种tip-1基因型临床分离菌株和光滑型菌株的粘附活动。结果临床分离菌株的粘附量随菌液浓度,孵育时间的增加而增加。tip-1基因型Ⅱ型菌株的粘附量高于其它4型菌株,光滑型菌株的粘附量低于临床分离菌株。生理温度下菌株粘附数高,低温下明显降低。厌氧条件和有氧条件下的粘附量无显著性差异。结论伴放线放线杆菌临床分离菌株的粘附存在时间和菌量依赖性,并要求一定新陈代谢活性,粘附效率在氧浓度改变时没有明显变化。伴放线放线杆菌表型影响菌株的粘附作用。不同tip-1基因型菌株粘附能力存在差异,Ⅱ型菌株粘附能力最强。     

伴放线放线杆菌菌落生长形态变化的观察

目的：观察伴放线放线杆菌（Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)从粗糙型到光滑型的转变过程，认别Aa在实验室传代过程中出现的不同生长形态。方法：从牙周炎患者龈下菌班中分离出的原代菌株8株，应用固体及液体培养基连续传代，液体培养每次传代的同时接种固体培养基观察相应的菌落形态。结果：液体培养获得3株光滑型转变株。菌落的变化从粘附的小菌落到沉淀的大菌落到完全的均匀生长，转化过程大约需要7－8代。在这一过程中相应传至固体培养基上生长的Aa从粘附的半透明的小菌落变大、不透明并失去粘附的特性，又随着边缘的扩散变为扁平，透明度也增加；与此同进内部的星形结构逐渐变简单、变小，最后消失。固体培养未获得典型的转变株。结论：Aa从粗糙型到光滑型的转变是一个菌落湿度逐渐增加，体积逐渐增大，并逐渐失去内部结构的过程。这一过程至少可以看到半透明突起的粗糙型，不透明突起的光滑型和近乎透明的扁平光滑型3种菌落形态。     

放线共生放线杆菌与牙周疾病

放线共生放线杆菌（Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)是牙周主要致病菌之一，近年对其研究较多，并取得不少进展，本着文重描述了放线共生放线杆菌的一些重要特性，包括其传播特征，分类，毒性特征，检测方法，与牙周炎的关系及对临床治疗的指导作用。     

伴放线放线杆菌形态变化对白细胞毒素分泌影响的研究

目的观察伴放线放线杆菌形态变化对白细胞毒素分泌的影响。方法选择粗糙型和光滑型伴放线放线杆菌各8株,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,检测液体培养12、24、48、60、72h的菌体及培养上清液中116kDa大小白细胞毒素蛋白条带的情况,应用超滤法分离纯化培养上清液蛋白,应用台盼蓝染色排除法检测上清液蛋白白细胞毒素活性。结果粗糙型伴放线放线杆菌菌株液体培养12、24、48、60、72h菌体蛋白电泳均可见116kDa大小的蛋白条带,培养上清液蛋白电泳结果显示116kDa大小的蛋白条带均出现于培养24和48h;光滑型伴放线放线杆菌菌株液体培养12、24、48、60、72h菌体蛋白电泳结果均缺少116kDa大小的蛋白条带,培养上清液蛋白电泳结果显示116kDa大小的蛋白条带出现于培养12和24h;实验菌株培养上清液提取蛋白均具有白细胞毒素活性。结论伴放线放线杆菌粗糙型和光滑型菌株均可分泌具有直接杀灭人多形核白细胞活性的白细胞毒素,但粗糙型菌株分泌白细胞毒素的时间晚于光滑型。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。