重症急性胰腺炎的早期非手术治疗

目的　探讨重症急性胰腺炎( SAP) 的早期治疗方法和合理方案。方法　对1 9 8 6年6月~ 2 0 0 4 年6 月收治的1 2 3例SAP患者按各个阶段治疗方法不同分为两组:A组1 9 8 6年6月~ 1 9 9 2年6月以手术治疗为主5 3 例,B组1 9 9 2年7月~ 2 0 0 4年6月以早期非手术治疗为主7 0例。结果　手术组(A)病死率3 3. 9% ( 1 8 /5 3 )。并发症发生率:ARDS2 8. 3% ( 1 5 /5 3 )、休克1 6. 9% ( 9 /5 3 ),肾衰竭2 0. 8% ( 1 1 /5 3 ), 胰腺脓肿1 6. 9% ( 9 /5 3 ) , 心功能不全2 4. 5% ( 1 3 /5 3 )。早期非手术组(B)病死率分别为7. 1% ( 5 /7 0 ) 。并发症发生率:ARDS1 4. 3% ( 1 0 /7 0 ),休克7. 1% ( 5 /7 0 ),肾衰竭7. 1% ( 5 /7 0 ), 胰腺脓肿2. 8% ( 2 /7 0 ) , 心功能不全4. 2% ( 3 /7 0 )。两组病死率及并发症率比较差异均有显著性(P< 0. 0 0 1 )。结论　急性重症胰腺炎采用早期非手术治疗能有效降低病死率和并发症发生率。大多数重症急性胰腺炎可经非手术治愈。     

TACE分别联合放射性125I粒子植入与射频消融治疗乏血供肝癌

目的探讨TACE联合放射性~(125)I粒子植入与TACE联合经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗乏血供肝癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析46例乏血供肝癌患者资料,其中25例(30个病灶)接受TACE联合放射性~(125)I粒子植入治疗(A组),21例(27个病灶)接受TACE联合RFA治疗(B组)。比较两组疗效及并发症情况。结果治疗后3个月,B组临床有效率(RR)为96.30%(26/27),明显高于A组[86.67%(26/30),χ~2=8.694,P0.05];直径≤3cm的病灶中,A、B组的RR均为100%(8/8、10/10);在直径3~5cm的病灶中,A、B组的RR分别为81.82%(18/22)、94.12%(16/17),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=5.837,P0.05)。治疗后6个月,A、B组的RR分别为93.33%(28/30)、96.30%(26/27),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.422,P0.05);直径≤3cm的病灶中,A、B组的RR均为100%(8/8、10/10);直径3~5cm的病灶中,A、B组的RR分别为90.91%(20/22)、94.12%(16/17),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.716,P0.05)。两组术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),均未出现严重并发症。结论 TACE联合放射性~(125)I粒子植入与TACE联合RFA均为乏血供肝癌安全、有效的治疗方法,TACE联合RFA相对近期疗效更优。     

核因子-κB在体外循环后肺损伤发病机制中的作用

目的探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)在体外循环后肺损伤发病机制中的作用和甲基强的松龙预处理对肺损伤的防治作用。方法健康雄性家犬12条,随机均分为两组:甲基强的松龙组(M组)和对照组(C组)。持续检测ECG、MAP和平均肺动脉压(MPAP),体外循环前(T0)、主动脉开放30 min(T2)9、0 min(T3)分别测定CVP、肺动脉楔压(PCWP)、心排出量(CO)、肺顺应性和动脉血气并计算肺血管阻力(PVR)、心脏指数(CI)和肺泡-动脉氧分压差(PA-aDO2)。T0、主动脉开放前(T1)、T2、T3分别:(1)采取动脉血测定肿瘤坏死引子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8);(2)取适量右上肺组织测定肺组织湿干重比(W/D)、髓过氧化物酶活性(MPO)变化、细胞核内NF-κB p65亚单位的活性变化及肺病理学改变。结果(1)两组T1、T2、T3和T0相比,NF-κB活性、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、MPO和W/D均显著增加(P<0.01),T1、T2、T3M组和C组相比NF-κB活性、TNF-αI、L-1βI、L-6I、L-8、MPO和W/D均显著降低(P<0.01);(2)病理学改变:T1、T2、T3和T0相比两组均出现肺间质中性粒细胞浸润,肺间隔增宽,肺泡腔有渗出并且C组较M组改变明显;(3)血液动力学改变:MAP、CI在组内及两组之间各时点均无显著变化,T2、T3C组PVR较T0明显升高(P<0.05),而M组无显著变化;(4)肺功能:两组T2、T3较T0PA-aDO2显著增加(P<0.01),M组T2、T3较C组PA-aDO2明显降低(P<0.05);C组T2、T3肺顺应性较T0明显降低(P<0.05),而M组无明显变化,PaCO2无明显变化。结论体外循环可引起肺组织NF-κB的活化和细胞因子的显著增加,发生肺损伤;甲基强的松龙可抑制NF-κB的活性,减轻肺损伤。     

日间手术理念对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响

目的探讨日间手术理念的引入对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响。方法将2017年1～12月我科180例LC按照日间手术开展的时间顺序分为日间手术理念引入前(2017年1～4月)、日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy,ALC)开展初期(2017年5～8月)、ALC开展成熟期(2017年9～12月),并相应分为A、B、C组,其中A组55例,B组65例,C组60例。比较3组术前等待时间、住院时间、术后并发症、日间手术完成率,并分析B、C 2组延迟出院的原因。结果 A、B、C组术前等待时间中位数分别为52 h(25～242 h)、7 h(3～53 h)、6. 5 h(3～60 h),有统计学差异(χ~2=101. 240,P=0. 000; P_(A-B)=0. 000,P_(A-C)=0. 000,P_(B-C)=1. 000);住院时间中位数分别为8 d(3～13 d)、3 d(1～9 d)、1 d(1～7 d),有统计学差异(χ~2=87. 005,P=0. 000; P_(A-B)=0. 000,P_(A-C)=0. 000,P_(B-C)=0. 002)。A、B、C组日间手术完成率分别为0. 0%(0/55)、33. 8%(22/65)、56. 7%(34/60),有统计学差异(χ~2=65. 546,P=0. 000); B、C组延迟出院率分别为66. 2%(43/65)、43. 3%(26/60),B组明显高于C组(χ~2=6. 570,P=0. 010),但因心理因素而延迟出院患者分别占延迟出院患者总数79. 1%(34/43)、80. 8%(21/26),无统计学差异(χ~2=0. 029,P=0. 865)。结论日间手术理念的引入可有效缩短术前等待时间、住院时间,提高日间手术完成率应注重患者心理因素的影响。     

MR淋巴显像技术显示乳糜池和胸导管的研究

目的探讨非造影性MR淋巴显像技术对正常乳糜池和胸导管的显示情况以及它们的形态特点。方法对112例接受胸部和上腹部MR检查的病例加作MR水成像序列即呼吸门控快速自旋回波(TSE)3DT2W序列以显示乳糜池和胸导管,扫描序列包括:①呼吸门控半傅立叶单次激发快速自旋回波(HASTE)T2W序列;②屏气快速小角度激发(FLASH)T1W序列;③呼吸门控TSE3DT2W(MR水成像)冠状位扫描。将其中满足纳入标准的100例作为研究对象,观察乳糜池和胸导管的显示情况、位置和形态。结果在TSE3DT2W图像上:①乳糜池显示率为71.0%(71/100),其中单管型占43.7%(31/71),分支型(2～3支淋巴管汇合)占23.9%(17/71),网状型占32.4%(23/71);乳糜池平均长度4.5cm。②胸导管下段显示率为57.0%(57/100),平均直径0.23cm。③胸导管上段显示率为31.0%(31/100)。结论作为一种无创性方法,TSE3DT2W序列能较好地显示乳糜池和胸导管下段,结合横断面HASTE和FLASH序列,可以确定这些较大淋巴管结构的位置和解剖形态。     

硫化氢/胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶体系在脂多糖诱导大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用

目的探讨硫化氢/胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(H_2S/CSE)体系在脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)中的作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为4组:空白对照组(Ⅰ组,n=16)、LPS诱导ALI组(Ⅱ组,n=16)、LPS CSE抑制剂炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG)组(Ⅲ组,n=8)和LPS NaHS组(Ⅳ组,n=8)。分别于给药后(生理盐水或LPS)3h和6h,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组各处死8只大鼠;于LPS给药后3h,Ⅲ组腹腔注射PPG 30mg/kg(2ml/kg),Ⅳ组腹腔注射NaHS 28μmol/kg,观察3h后处死。观察肺组织病理学结果,计算肺系数、肺湿/干重比(W/D),测定血浆H_2S浓度、肺组织CSE活性、血清IL-1β浓度、肺组织IL-1βmRNA表达和NF-κB p65活性。结果Ⅰ组肺泡结构完整,Ⅱ组出现病理损伤,Ⅲ组病理损伤程度加重,Ⅳ组病理损伤程度较Ⅱ组减轻。与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组H_2S浓度和CSE活性降低,IL-1β浓度、IL-1βmRNA表达和NF-κB p65活性升高;Ⅳ组IL-1βmRNA表达和NF-κB p65活性升高,CSE活性降低;Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组肺系数和肺W/D升高。与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组肺系数、肺W/D、IL-1β浓度、IL-1βmRNA表达和NF-κB p65活性升高,H_2S浓度和CSE活性降低;Ⅳ组肺系数、肺W/D降低、H_2S浓度和CSE活性升高,IL-1β浓度、IL-1βmRNA表达和NF-κB p65活性降低(P<0.05或0.01)。结论内源性H_2S/ CSE体系功能下调可能参与了LPS诱导ALI的病理生理过程,外源性NaHS治疗后可在一定程度上减轻大鼠ALI。     

B超引导与传统手法阴部神经阻滞治疗女性阴部神经痛的比较

目的探讨B超引导阴部神经阻滞(pudendal nerve block,PNB)与传统阴部神经阻滞治疗女性阴部神经痛的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年11月~2016年8月在我院就诊并接受阴部神经阻滞的40例阴部神经痛的资料,其中19例行B超引导下阴部神经阻滞(B超组),21例行传统阴部神经阻滞(传统组)。根据疼痛缓解情况进行1~3次神经阻滞。治疗前、第一次治疗后24 h和治疗结束3个月采用视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)评估疼痛情况。结果 2组第一次治疗后24 h、治疗结束后3个月的疼痛VAS均显著低于治疗前(P=0.000),B超组治疗后24 h疼痛VAS较传统组更低(Z=-2.451,P=0.014),治疗后3个月2组无显著性差异(Z=-0.542,P=0.588)。主要不良反应及并发症:臀部及下肢麻木在B超组为31.6%(6/19),传统组为0(0/21),二者差异有统计学意义(Fisher检验,P=0.007);头晕在B超组为5.3%(1/19),传统组为38.1%(8/21),二者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.427,P=0.035)。结论 B超引导与传统手法阴部神经阻滞治疗女性阴部神经痛均有效,2组在治疗结束后3个月疼痛治疗效果无显著差异。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术的疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗不同分期直肠癌的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年12月我院96例直肠癌根治术的临床资料,TNM分期0~Ⅰ期42例,其中行腹腔镜手术治疗22例(腹腔镜A组),开腹手术治疗20例(开腹A组);TNM分期Ⅱ~Ⅲ期54例,其中行腹腔镜手术治疗20例(腹腔镜B组),开腹手术治疗34例(开腹B组),末次随访截止2015年5月,比较不同分期患者2种术式肿瘤学指标、术后并发症、局部复发率、远处转移率及1、3年生存率。结果与开腹A组相比,腹腔镜A组手术时间明显缩短[(121.7±13.5)min vs.(142.4±23.5)min,t=-3.530,P=0.000],出血量明显减少[(80.9±10.6)ml vs.(136.2±32.6)ml,t=-7.559,P=0.000]。与开腹B组相比,腹腔镜B组出血量明显减少[(110.3±15.3)ml vs.(186.5±22.6)ml,t=-12.202,P=0.000]。与开腹A组相比,腹腔镜A组远端切缘距离明显缩短[(2.3±0.6)cm vs.(3.0±0.7)cm,t=-3.489,P=0.001]。与开腹B组相比,腹腔镜B组淋巴结转移数目明显减少[(2.7±0.4)枚vs.(3.1±0.4)枚,t=-3.298,P=0.002]。腹腔镜B组中转开腹率20%。腹腔镜A组与开腹A组术后局部复发率[9.5%(2/21)vs.5.0%(1/20),χ~2=0.000,P=1.000]、远处转移率[4.8%(1/21)vs.5.0%(1/20),χ~2=0.000,P=1.000]、生存率(log-rankχ~2=0.102,P=0.750)差异无显著性;腹腔镜B组和开腹B组术后局部复发率[6.2%(1/16)vs.6.2%(2/32),χ~2=0.000,P=1.000]、远处转移率[6.2%(1/16)vs.3.1%(1/32),Fisher精确检验,P=1.000]、生存率(log-rankχ~2=0.158,P=0.691)差异无显著性。结论腹腔镜技术在0~Ⅰ期直肠癌根治术中应用有较好的疗效和安全性,Ⅱ~Ⅲ期直肠癌患者的中转开腹率仍然较高,手术安全性存在风险,应严格做好术前评估。     

HIFU“帽式”消融方法的可行性研究

目的探索高强度聚焦超声"帽式"消融兔肝组织的可行性。方法将60只健康新西兰白兔分为A、B两组,每组30只,A组根据采用功率的不同分为A1(200 W,10只)、A2(250 W,10只)、A3(300 W,10只)3个亚组;B组根据两个辐照面的夹角不同分为B1(55°,10只)、B2(90°,10只)、B3(125°,10只)三个亚组,分别辐照兔肝组织。计算总辐照时间和超声能量,观察凝固性坏死体积大小、形态变化。结果 A2亚组能形成连续线状坏死,并能组成均匀规则的椭球形坏死体;B1亚组凝固性坏死体积为(3907.85±565.53)mm3,沿近声场形成的长轴与垂直于近声场所形成的短轴(长/短轴)之比为2.14±0.25;B2亚组凝固性坏死体积为(4431.49±721.36)mm3,其长/短轴比值为1.47±0.26;B3亚组产生的凝固性坏死大小为(3729.46±1049.29)mm3,长/短轴比值为1.06±0.12。结论 "帽式"消融方法能有效缩短辐照时间,减少能量的过度投放,降低或减少副反应的发生。     

携带S1P3 siRNA慢病毒载体改善自发性高血压大鼠勃起功能

目的:探讨携带S1P3 siRNA慢病毒载体对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)勃起功能的改善作用。方法:5只12周龄健康雄性WKY大鼠为A组,随机将12周龄健康雄性SHR大鼠分组(每组5只):B1组:携带S1P3 siRNA慢病毒转染的SHR;B2组:空慢病毒载体(GFP)转染的SHR;C组:SHR大鼠对照组。B1组阴茎海绵体中部注射20μl携带S1P3 siRNA慢病毒(2×10~8TU/ml),B2组注射GFP 20μl (2×10~8TU/ml),每侧10μl。1周后测各组大鼠ICPmax/MAP值,免疫组化、Western印迹、RT-qPCR检测S1P3、ROCK1、ROCK2、eNOS mRNA及蛋白在各组大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达。结果:各组大鼠体重、血清T水平无明显差异。A、B1、B2、C组大鼠在0、3、5 V电压刺激下ICPmax/MAP分别为:0V:0.16±0.01、0.15±0.01、0.10±0.00、0.11±0.01,3 V:0.55±0.03、0.55±0.01、0.22±0.01、0.22±0.01,5 V:0.82±0.02、0.79±0.03、0.43±0.01、0.42±0.02,C、B2组ICPmax/MAP较A、B1组显著降低(P0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,S1P3、ROCK1、ROCK2在A、B1组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中表达水平与B2、C组相比明显减少(P0.05),eNOS则明显增加(P0.05);Western印迹结果显示,与B2、C组相比,A、B1组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中S1P3、ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白表达显著减低(P0.05),eNOS显著升高(P0.05);A、B1、B2、C组S1P3基因相对表达量分别为:0.72±0.04、0.71±0.07、1.00±0.06、1.00±0.10,ROCK1:0.99±0.05、1.08±0.16、1.85±0.44、2.02±0.38,ROCK2:1.00±0.03、1.08±0.16、2.16±0.78、2.46±0.69,eNOS:1.04±0.15、0.81±0.23、0.32±0.08、0.32±0.04,S1P3、ROCK1、ROCK2在A组和B1组中的表达水平与C组、B2组相比明显减少(P0.05),eNOS明显增加(P0.05)。结论:携带靶向S1P3 siRNA慢病毒载体抑制阴茎海绵体组织内S1P3基因的表达,并下调RhoA/Rho激酶信号通路,从而改善SHR大鼠勃起功能。     

Long-term results of the conservative treatment of scoliosis using the Chêneau brace

At present, we survey 52 patients who had been fitted with Chêneau braces in the years 1978 to 1980. The average primary correction of the single curved thoracic, single curved lumbar, and double curved scolioses amounted to 41%. The best late results are to be expected in the single curved thoracic and single curved lumbar scolioses that presented corrections of 14.2% and 9.2%. In the double curved scoliosis we found a correction of 5.5% of the thoracic and 5.6% of the lumbar curves. The Chêneau orthosis was well accepted by the patients. A final valuation, however, will not be possible till some years have passed.     

Rationale, experience, and results of long-stem femoral prosthesis

A long, curved-stem, uncemented femoral component was evaluated for use in primary and revision hip arthroplasty in young patients aged 43.5 years (range, 16-60 years). The femoral component has a proximal wedge shape and a medial collar for proximal press fit and load transfer; anterior and posterior ingrowth pads; anteverted head and neck; and a long, anatomically curved intramedullary stem for distal stability. In testing the contribution of the long, curved stem to the torsional stability of uncemented prostheses by comparing it with other stems, the long, curved stem was the most stable, followed by a shorter straight stem, and a short, proximally curved stem. If the long, and a short, proximally curved stem. If the long, curved stem is incrementally shortened by 1.5-7.5 cm, the initial torsional stability is reduced in proportion to the amount of shortening. Geometrically, for a given patient, the stem-bone contact (and thus the distal stability) is increased when a larger stem is inserted. Clinically, Harris hip scores in 69 hips followed for five to seven years (average patient age, 43.5 years) improved from 52.6 to 92.0 at last follow-up evaluation. The femoral component revision rate was 2.9%, the acetabular rate was 8.9%, and bipolar revision rate was 3.1%, for a combined rate of 12%.     

弯曲形水冷微波消融针在腹腔镜下膈顶部肝细胞癌消融中的应用

目的探讨弯曲形水冷微波消融针在膈顶部肝细胞癌治疗的操作优势、安全性、有效性和效果评价。 方法选取2015年1月至2021年12月上海孟超肿瘤医院与中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院收治的膈顶部肝细胞癌患者作为研究对象,探讨弯曲形水冷微波消融针在腹腔镜下膈顶部肝细胞癌微波消融的操作优势、安全性和有效性。 结果弯曲形水冷微波消融针在膈顶部肝细胞癌的治疗与直形针相比,操作优势显著,避免了胸腔入路引起的气胸、胸腔感染、膈肌损伤、支气管胆管漏等并发症,安全有效。 结论弯曲形水冷微波消融针在膈顶部肝细胞癌的治疗中操作优势明显,安全、有效,值得在膈顶部肝细胞癌的操作中大力推广。     

口内入路颧骨弧形截骨降低术

目的 探讨口内入路颧骨弧形截骨术矫正高颧骨的新方法。方法 根据颧骨的解剖学特点设计新的颧骨弧形截骨降低术，使颧弓颧骨向后内侧及上方移动达到颧骨体和颧弓整体降低，以获得更美观的颧骨曲线。结果 2001至2003年临床应用41例，均获得了满意效果。结论 颧骨弧形截骨降低术矫正高颧骨使颧骨体和颧弓整体降低，从而获得更美观的颧骨曲线，且操作简单，并发症少，是一种比较理想的颧骨降低方法。     

Comparison of endoscopic task performance with crossed versus uncrossed straight and curved instruments through a single port

Background

Despite advancing technology for single-incision minimal access surgery, there have been no reports on the optimal operating setup and the instruments for use through a single port. This study therefore aimed to compare task performance in single-port surgery between crossed and uncrossed instruments (straight and distally coaxially curved).

Methods

A dedicated trainer box was used to investigate the performance of two tasks (pick-transfer-place and dissection) by 18 surgical residents using two randomly allocated manipulating systems: (1) a conventional, uncrossed manipulation system (UCMS), with surgery through a cone-shaped 40-mm port using coaxially curved or straight instruments subtending a 30° manipulation angle, and (2) a crossed manipulation system (CMS), with surgery through a cylindrical miniport (25?mm) using coaxially curved instruments.

Results

The pick-transfer-place task performed with the UCMS enabled comparison between straight and curved coaxial instruments and showed that although the participants moved the same number of objects with either type (p?=?0.464), they dropped a significantly more objects with straight instruments (1.5?±?1.33 vs. 0.61?±?0.85; p?=?0.013). The execution of this task with the CMS (curved instruments only) provided a performance (dropped objects and error rates) equal to that obtained by the UCMS with curved instruments (p?=?0.521, p?=?0.989). The dissection task with the UCMS showed no difference between straight and curved coaxial instruments in dissection accuracy (75.6 vs. 75.5?%; p?=?0.950) or execution times (258 vs. 302?s; p?=?0.367). The performance of this task by the CMS and the UCMS (with curved coaxial instruments) was equivalent with regard to dissection accuracy (p?=?0.849) and execution time (p?=?0.402).

Conclusions

Using the UCMS, task performance is better with distally curved coaxial instruments. The CMS (with curved instruments) gives a task performance equivalent to that obtained with UCMS.     

机用ProTaper预备磨牙弯曲根管的临床评价

目的：观察机用ProTaper预备磨牙弯曲根管的临床效果。方法：将134例患者分为机用ProTaper预备磨牙弯曲根管和传统K锉预备磨牙弯曲根管两组,观察比较两组的根管形态预备及断针情况、根充效果、术后1周根尖反应情况、根管预备时间。结果：机用ProTaper预备磨牙弯曲根管各方面均优于传统K锉方法。结论：ProTaper机用镍钛器械用于弯曲根管预备时不易发生断针,根管形态可达到连续的锥度,根充效果好,充填后疼痛发生率低,节约时间提高工作效率。     

Pre-requisites for optimum centering of a tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis nail

BackgroundPurpose of study was to compare nail alignment, incidence of stress riser and fracture with straight and curved nails of different lengths.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of consecutive, initially 13 straight and subsequently 15 curved nails implanted in 17 men and 11 women. Angles of incidence and reflection subtended by nail tip with inner tibial cortex were measured. Cortical hypertrophy was assessed on follow-up radiographs.ResultsAngles of incidence and reflection were greater with short straight nails, less with long straight nails and stayed close to zero with long curved nails.Stress fractures occurred in 2 patients with straight nails at the level of the proximalmost tibial screw. Cortical hypertrophy was present in 7 patients with straight nails and in only 1 patient with a curved nail (p = 0.01).ConclusionsBoth nail length and inbuilt valgus contribute to better central positioning within the tibia. However, cortical stress reactions occur less frequently with curved nails.     

Fracture of the femur in revision hip arthroplasty with a fully porous-coated component

Fifty-four consecutive femoral component revisions with uncemented fully porous-coated stems were retrospectively reviewed for the prevalence of intraoperative fracture. Fracture of the femoral diaphysis occurred during insertion of a curved stem in 8 (15%) hips. One additional distal fracture of the femur occurred during exposure of the hip. All fractures occurred with a curved femoral stem. Treatment for intraoperative fractures included open reduction and internal fixation with cortical strut grafts and cables followed by protected weight bearing. This was successful in 6 hips. Even with the use of a curved stem, we report a high prevalence of intraoperative fracture of the femur in revision hip arthroplasty.     

利用弧型切割缝合器微出血下实施门脉高压断流手术的探讨

目的探讨应用一次性弧型切割缝合器行脾脏切除、贲门周围血管离断术的方法及疗效。方法采用病例对照研究,研究组胃底食管静脉曲张患者22例,均接受脾脏切除、贲门周围血管离断术,术中脾脏动脉结扎后离断脾结肠、脾胃韧带,将脾蒂完全置入弧型切割缝合器中,一次性完成切割缝合脾蒂,并利用血管闭合器阻断贲门周围血管。选择同期接受传统手术方法的22例作为对照组。结果研究组手术出血量平均(33.41±13.22)ml;对照组平均(843.63±646.60)ml;研究组手术时间平均(77.50±18.38)min,对照组平均(140.95±40.42)min,两组手术出血量及手术时间比较差异显著(P<0.01)。研究组无严重并发症,对照组发生血栓性门静脉炎2例,经对症支持治疗后好转,余恢复顺利。结论利用一次性切割缝合器离断脾蒂及相应系膜血管,利用血管闭合器阻断贲门周围血管,安全可靠,可显著提高手术速度,减少手术出血和创伤,值得推广试用。     

患者参与的计算机辅助设计在个性化下颌角弧形截骨术中的应用

目的：探讨以患者参与的方式将计算机辅助设计技术应用于下颌角弧形截骨术中的可行性和效果。方法：选择对手术效果要求较高的患者,利用计算机分体重建技术,构建包含下颌神经管的三维虚拟模型,医患双方基于该模型共同设计手术方案,根据该设计方案完成手术,最后运用计算机技术评估手术效果。结果：完成了12例患者的计算机手术设计模拟,所选患者均顺利手术,手术前后相关指标的三维测量值具有统计学意义,计算机客观评估形象直观,患者满意度高。结论：将患者参与的计算机辅助设计技术应用于个性化的下颌角弧形截骨术中,能帮助医患沟通、指导手术操作、评估术后效果,具有临床应用的价值和可行性。