苯妥英钠的抑菌活性

背景：苯妥英钠在创面愈合过程中的抑菌作用仍不明确。 目的：通过体外及动物实验观察苯妥英钠在创面愈合过程中是否具有抑菌作用。 方法：①体外实验：采用水解酪蛋白肉汤稀释法检测苯妥英钠的最低抑菌浓度、琼脂扩散法观察1 024 mg/L的苯妥英钠的体外抑菌活性。②动物实验：将30只SD大鼠随机等分为3组,在大鼠背侧脊柱旁设计一2 cm×3 cm矩形创面,分别用10,20 mg/cm²苯妥英钠糊剂或单纯凡士林纱布进行处理,创面均外加凡士林油纱及干纱包扎固定。隔日换药,于第4,8,12,16天进行创面表面细菌定量培养。 结果与结论：①水解酪蛋白肉汤稀释法结果：应用质控菌株、临床菌株进行试验,不同苯妥英钠浓度的试管中均呈现浑浊状态。②琼脂扩散法结果：应用质控菌株进行试验,未发现抑菌圈的形成。③实验动物创面细菌定量培养结果：应用10,20 mg/cm²苯妥英钠糊剂处理的创面细菌定量略低于单纯凡士林纱布处理的创面,但各组之间差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明苯妥英钠尚无明确的体外及体内抑菌活性,对创面细菌的清除无明显作用。     

湿性敷料治疗皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤的比较

背景：已有基础实验证明,伤口在湿性环境下的愈合效果优于干性环境,湿性敷料的研究是皮肤创面愈合研究的重点。 目的：观察湿性敷料对皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗效果。 方法：选取在海南省人民医院门诊接受治疗的38例Ⅱ度烧伤患者,采用自身对照法将创面分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用湿性敷料覆盖治疗烧伤创面,对照组采用碘伏纱布或凡士林纱布覆盖,治疗后分别观察两种不同处理方法对创面的愈合效果及对疼痛程度的影响。 结果与结论：所有患者均纳入结果分析,治疗组患者烧伤创面的平均愈合时间为(9.8±3.1) d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为(13.1±2.2) d,两者比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。治疗组创面疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)。使用湿性敷料(美皮贴或美皮康)治疗Ⅱ度烧伤,可以使创面愈合时间缩短,创面疼痛程度明显降低。     

Electrospinning of silk fibroin nanofibers and its effect on the adhesion and spreading of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro

An electrospinning method was used to fabricate silk fibroin (SF) nanofiber nonwovens for cell culture of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The electrospinning of regenerated SF was performed with formic acid as a spinning solvent. For insolubilization, as-spun SF nanofiber nonwovens were chemically treated with an aqueous methanol solution of 50%. Morphology and microstructure of as-spun and chemically treated SF nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry. As-spun SF nanofibers exhibited a circular cross-section with a smooth surface. From the image analysis, they had an average diameter of 80 nm and their diameters ranged from 30 to 120 nm. During the chemical treatment for 60 min, porosity of nonwovens composed of SF nanofibers decreased from 76.1% up to 68.1%. To assay the cytocompatibility and cell behavior onto the electrospun SF nanofibers, cell attachment and spreading of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts seeded on the SF nanofibers and interaction between cells and SF nanofibers were studied. Cell morphology on SF nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the SF nanofibers may be a good candidate for the biomedical applications, such as wound dressing and scaffolds for tissue engineering.     

亲水性纤维含银敷料覆盖肛瘘术后创面的作用

背景：亲水性纤维含银敷料在其他创面治疗中目前已取得较多临床证据,但其 对肛瘘患者术后创面康复的作用研究较少。 目的：观察亲水性纤维含银敷料覆盖对肛瘘患者术后创面康复的作用。 方法：将57例肛瘘术后患者随机分为试验组29例和对照组28例,试验组在术后给予亲水性纤维含银敷料换药,3 d 1次,对照组术后给予无菌凡士林纱布换药,1次/d,观察两组患者的首次换药创面疼痛程度、渗液明显减少时间、换药次数、创面康复时间及换药费用等指标。 结果与结论：试验组首次换药时创面疼痛程度明显轻于对照组(P < 0.05),渗液明显减少时间、换药次数、创面康复时间明显少于对照组(P < 0.05);但试验组换药费用明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。表明亲水性纤维含银敷料覆盖于肛瘘患者术后创面可减少刺激,明显减轻疼痛,提供湿性修复环境,加速创面愈合,减少换药次数,提高患者满意度。     

藻酸盐敷料在低位单纯性肛瘘术后创面的应用

目的 观察藻酸盐辅料应用于低位单纯肛瘘术后创面换药的临床效果。方法 选取2016年6月~2018年3月在我院诊断低位单纯性肛瘘,并行低位肛瘘手术的患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组121例。观察组术后换药应用藻酸盐敷料覆盖创面,对照组采用凡士林纱布覆盖创面。比较两组患者创面换药次数、创面清洁度和愈合时间。结果 观察组平均换药次数为（9.03±3.86）次,少于对照组的（13.47±3.92）次,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组创面Ⅰ级清洁率（76.03%）高于对照组（13.22%）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级清洁率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组平均愈合时间为（17.67±5.37）d,短于对照组的（25.32±3.49）d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 藻酸盐敷料应用于低位单纯肛瘘术后创面换药,可显著减少换药次数、创面分泌物,愈合时间较传统敷料明显缩短,效果优良。     

The effect of a self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (peptide) when used as a wound dressing for the treatment of deep second degree burns in rats

RADARADARADARADA (RADA16-I) peptide, consisting of 16 alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic (also alternating negative and positive charges) amino acids, forms extremely stable beta-pleated sheet structure and then self-assembles into nanofibers to produce high-order interwoven nanofiber scaffold hydrogel. To investigate its therapeutic effects, a burn model of partial thickness-deep dermal injury (the deep second degree burns) was performed at the dorsal skin of female Sprague-Dawley rats with an electrical scalding machine. The wounds treated with either RADA16-I or control materials were carefully examined at morphological, histological and cellular levels. We found that RADA16-I can advance the time of eschar appearance and the time of eschar disappearance both by 3-5 days, and speed up wound contraction by 20-30% compared with contrast groups (chitosan, poly(DL)-lactic acid (PDLA), collagen I and the blank) without obvious edema. Immunohistochemical studies showed that both FGF and EGF were obviously expressed in nascent tissue such as epidermis and glands when wounds were treated with the RADA16-I after injury. When peptide stock solution was diluted from 10 to 0.17 mg/mL, atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation showed that the shape of peptide nanofibers changed from the globular-pieces-clustered filaments with 4.8 +/- 0.38 nm in height, 61.6 +/- 6.10 nm in width and 708 +/- 80.2 nm in length, to general filaments with 1.4 +/- 0.36 nm, 17.5 +/- 1.13 nm and 1108 +/- 184 nm. The nanofiber surface porosity gradually decreased from 49-70% to 12-28%. These characteristics contribute to wound healing by offering an "ideal dressing" moist healing microenvironment and a nanofiber 3D scaffold. These results suggest that the self-assembling peptide might be a promising wound dressing with being simple, effective, and affordable.     

三种创面敷料在薄中厚皮片供皮区的应用研究

目的观察3种创面敷料对薄中厚皮片供皮区创面愈合的影响。 方法选取蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形烧伤科2020年1月至12月收治的38例自体皮片移植术患者。在同一患者供皮区分别取相同面积的类矩形薄中厚皮片3处,每处均间隔1 cm,每例所取皮片总面积基本相同,将同一患者的3处供皮区分为凡士林敷料组、银离子藻酸盐敷料组和丝素蛋白膜状敷料组3组,取皮后分别贴敷凡士林敷料、银离子藻酸盐敷料和丝素蛋白膜状敷料。对比3组供皮区创面积血率、初次换药时患者的疼痛程度[数字评定量表(NRS)]、创面感染率、创面上皮化愈合时间、创面后期愈合效果。对数据行单因素方差分析、t检验和χ²检验。 结果(1)创面积血率：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组创面积血率(23.68%)分别高于分别高于凡士林敷料组(2.63%)和银离子藻酸盐敷料组(5.26%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝ 7.370、5.208, P<0.05),凡士林敷料组与银离子藻酸盐敷料组积血率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.347, P>0.05);(2)初次换药时疼痛程度评价：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组的NRS评分为(2.97±1.48)分,分别低于银离子藻酸盐敷料组[(3.97±1.84)分]和凡士林敷料组[(6.03±1.37)分],差异均有统计学意义(t＝ 4.854、0.873, P<0.05);银离子藻酸盐敷料组疼痛评分低于凡士林敷料组,差异有统计学意义(t＝1.467, P<0.05);(3)创面感染率：银离子藻酸盐敷料组创面感染率(5.26%)分别与丝素蛋白膜状敷料组(0)和凡士林敷料组(10.53%)比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝ 2.054、0.724, P>0.05);丝素蛋白膜状敷料组与凡士林敷料组比较,感染率低,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝ 4.222, P<0.05);(4)创面上皮化愈合时间：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组创面上皮化愈合时间为(8.95±1.34) d,与银离子藻酸盐敷料组[(13.69±1.64) d]以及凡士林敷料组[(11.78±1.43) d]比较,愈合时间均较短,差异均有统计学意义(t＝0.953、1.204, P<0.05)。与银离子藻酸盐敷料组比较,凡士林敷料组愈合时间短,差异有统计学意义(t＝2.147, P<0.05);(5)创面后期愈合效果：3组在瘢痕增生和色素沉着2方面均无明显差异。 结论丝素蛋白膜状敷料应用于薄中厚皮片供皮区,具有相对无痛、抗感染能力强、上皮化愈合时间短等优势,但在防止创面积血方面效果欠佳。     

联合应用藻酸盐和聚亚安酯敷料促进中厚皮供区创面愈合的临床观察

目的探讨联合应用藻酸盐和自粘型聚亚安酯敷料于中厚皮片供皮区,加速创面愈合的方法。方法烧伤后瘢痕整形中厚皮取皮术后,实验组19例以藻酸盐和自粘型聚亚安酯敷料顺序联合应用覆盖供皮区创面,对照组17例以传统的凡士林纱布加棉垫绷带加压包扎供皮区创面,受术者于术后第1天、第2天及第10天揭除敷料时就供皮区疼痛程度按疼痛视觉模拟评分,并对敷料对术后活动的影响、术后10d揭除敷料难易程度进行评价,记录两组供皮区创面愈合的时间。结果术后第1天、第2天及术后第10天揭除敷料时,实验组受术者的疼痛视觉模拟评分低于对照组,实验组中36.8%受术者术后活动不受限,高于对照组（P〈0.05）;术后10d,实验组揭除敷料更为容易,且实验组供皮区愈合时间平均为9.8d,短于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论藻酸盐敷料和聚亚安酯敷料联合应用于中厚皮片供皮区,具有降低术后疼痛,减轻术后活动不便,操作方便,缩短供皮区愈合时间的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers: effects on the behavior of normal human keratinocytes and early-stage wound healing

Electrospinning of type I collagen in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) to fabricate a biomimetic nanofibrous extracellular matrix for tissue engineering was investigated. The average diameter of collagen nanofibers electrospun from 8% collagen solution in HFIP was 460 nm (range of 100-1200 nm). The as-spun collagen nanofibrous matrix was chemically cross-linked by glutaraldehyde vapor with a saturated aqueous solution and then treated with aqueous 0.1m glycine to block unreacted aldehyde groups. With vapor phase cross-linking for 12h, porosity of the collagen matrix decreased from 89% to 71%. The collagen nanofibrous matrix showed good tensile strength, even in aqueous solution. Effects on cytocompatibility, cell behavior, cell and collagen nanofiber interactions, and open wound healing in rats were examined. Relatively low cell adhesion was observed on uncoated collagen nanofibers, whereas collagen nanofibrous matrices treated with type I collagen or laminin were functionally active in responses in normal human keratinocytes. Collagen nanofibrous matrices were very effective as wound-healing accelerators in early-stage wound healing. Our results indicate that cross-linked collagen nanofibers coated with ECM proteins, particularly type I collagen, may be a good candidate for biomedical applications, such as wound dressing and scaffolds for tissue engineering.     

Potential of wound dressing composed of hyaluronic acid containing epidermal growth factor to enhance cytokine production by fibroblasts

This study aimed to investigate the potential of a wound dressing composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) to enhance cytokine production by fibroblasts. The present wound dressing has a two-layered spongy structure: an upper layer composed of crosslinked high-molecular-weight HA, and a lower layer composed of low-molecular-weight HA containing arginine (Arg) and vitamin C derivative (VC) with or without EGF. Human fibroblast-embedded collagen gel sheet (cultured dermal substitute: CDS) was elevated to the interface between the air and culture medium to create a wound surface model onto which each wound dressing was placed, which was followed by culture for 7 days. The EGF dressing (with EGF, Arg, VC) significantly enhanced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by CDS as compared to the EGF-free dressing (with Arg, VC). To evaluate if this enhanced production of VEGF and HGF achieved with the EGF dressing is sustained, a second experiment was conducted using a wound surface model. Each wound dressing was placed on the CDS in the wound surface model. Culture was then performed for 3 days (first period), after which each dressing was placed on another CDS for a further 3-day culture period (second period). The EGF dressing enhanced the production of VEGF and HGF by CDS during the first and second periods as compared to the corresponding production when using the EGF-free dressing. These results suggest that EGF can be maintained in the hydrated layer of a wound dressing composed of crosslinked high-molecular-weight HA.     

In Vivo and Cytotoxic Assays of a Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogel Wound Dressing

In the present work, a nanocomposite hydrogel wound dressing was prepared on the basis of poly(vinyl alcohol) using organically-modified montmorillonite as nanoclay by the freezing–thawing cyclic method. In vivo assays were performed to evaluate its performance as an applicable wound dressing on animals. It showed an improved healing process for wounds covered by the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel compared with control wounds covered by sterile gauze. Significant improvements, such as better creation of moist surfaces on the wound with less scar formation, shorter duration of healing operation and better closing of the wound edges with enhanced tensile properties of the healed wound, i.e., tensile strength and elongation-at-break, were observed using the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel in comparison to the sterile gauze. An in vitro cytotoxic assay was also utilized to determine the biocompatibility of the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel. It showed that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel is non-toxic and can be used as a biocompatible wound dressing in practical wound management.     

创面放射性沾染的处置效果研究

目的探讨不同药物对创面放射性沾染的治疗与洗消效果。方法使用SD大鼠建立放射复合伤模型,建模后将SD大鼠随机均分为4组(对照组、复合中药膏组、纳米银组、负压引流敷料组)。对照组不敷药,创面用碘伏酒精擦拭后用纱布包扎;负压引流敷料组采用自适性负压引流敷料覆盖创面包扎,其余2组分别敷药后用纱布包扎。4组连续7 d换药,并分别在7、14、21 d取材,制作病理切片,观察创面愈合情况。结果建模后21 d,与对照组相比,其余3组所使用药物对创面愈合均有促进作用,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中复合中药膏组愈合最快最好。除对照组外的3个组创口放射性均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中负压引流敷料组创口的放射性最小,说明负压引流敷料块对放射性沾染物的吸附作用高于纱布块的吸附作用。结论复合中药膏与负压引流敷料联合应用对于创面放射性沾染的处理既能更好地降低放射性,也能促进创口的愈合。     

Dual growth factor releasing multi-functional nanofibers for wound healing

The objective of this research is to develop a dual growth factor-releasing nanoparticle-in-nanofiber system for wound healing applications. In order to mimic and promote the natural healing procedure, chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) were electrospun into nanofibrous meshes as mimics of extracellular matrix. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was loaded within nanofibers to promote angiogenesis in the short term. In addition, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were embedded inside nanofibers to generate a sustained release of PDGF-BB for accelerated tissue regeneration and remodeling. In vitro studies revealed that our nanofibrous composites delivered VEGF quickly and PDGF-BB in a relayed manner, supported fibroblast growth and exhibited anti-bacterial activities. A preliminary in vivo study performed on normal full thickness rat skin wound models demonstrated that nanofiber/nanoparticle scaffolds significantly accelerated the wound healing process by promoting angiogenesis, increasing re-epithelialization and controlling granulation tissue formation. For later stages of healing, evidence also showed quicker collagen deposition and earlier remodeling of the injured site to achieve a faster full regeneration of skin compared to the commercial Hydrofera Blue® wound dressing. These results suggest that our nanoparticle-in-nanofiber system could provide a promising treatment for normal and chronic wound healing.     

改善微循环和促进创伤愈合的新途径:功能型医用敷料

观察在纤维中纺入无机超细粉粒,能释放出远红外线的新型医用功能敷料对微循环和创面愈合的效应。方法：用显微电视微循环观察系统、红细胞跟踪仪、电视测微仪测定新型功能敷料作用前后大鼠微循环血流的变化,用病理切片光镜观察新型功能敷料对家兔切割创面愈合的效应。结果：１层、３层、５层新型功能纱布作用大鼠肠系膜２０ｍｉｎ,分别使微动脉血流量增加５１.７％±８．１％、９２.１％±９．１％、９２．７％±９．６％,它显著高于普通纱布对照组的的０．５％±９．６％（Ｐ＜０.０１）。用功能纱布一侧的家兔切割创面,其水肿、白细胞浸润和渗出物均比普通纱布覆盖的另一侧创面要轻微。伤后５天功能纱布组创面表皮已完全修复平坦,而对照一侧尚未完全修复。结论：新型功能敷料能显微改善微循环,并有加速创伤愈合的特殊效应。     

In vivo wound healing of diabetic ulcers using electrospun nanofibers immobilized with human epidermal growth factor (EGF)

Biodegradable polymers were electrospun and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was immobilized on the electrospun nanofibers for the purpose of treating diabetic ulcers. Amine-terminated block copolymers composed of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) [PCL] and poly(ethyleneglycol) [PEG] and PCL were electrospun to biocompatible nanofibers with functional amine groups on the surface via PEG linkers. EGF was chemically conjugated to the surface of the nanofibers. The conjugation amount of EGF on the nanofibers was quantitated by X-ray photoelectron scattering. Human primary keratinocytes were cultivated on EGF-conjugated nanofibers in order to investigate the effect of EGF nanofibers on the differentiation of keratinocytes. Wound healing effects of the EGF nanofibers were confirmed in diabetic animals with dorsal wounds. The expression of keratinocyte-specific genes significantly increased with application of EGF-conjugated nanofibers. The EGF-nanofibers exerted superior in vivo wound healing activities compared to control groups or EGF solutions. Furthermore, immunohistochemical-staining results showed that EGF-receptor (EGFR) was highly expressed in the EGF nanofiber group. This study showed that EGF-conjugated nanofiber could potentially be employed as a novel wound healing material by increasing proliferation and phenotypic expression of keratinocytes.     

胶原蛋白-壳聚糖复合纳米纤维膜用于皮肤缺损的修复

背景：体外实验证实：胶原蛋白-壳聚糖(80∶20)复合纳米纤维膜具有优异的生物力学性能、生物相容性和生物可降解性。但目前缺乏此材料在体内方面的研究。 目的：观察胶原蛋白-壳聚糖复合纳米纤维膜修复SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损创面的作用。 方法：30只SD大鼠制备背部全层皮肤缺损创面后随机抽签法分为2组,实验组用胶原蛋白-壳聚糖(80∶20)复合纳米纤维膜覆盖后,用油纱及干纱布包扎并创缘外缝线打包固定;对照组仅用油纱及干纱布包扎并创缘外打包固定。 结果与结论：修复后14 d实验组创面已基本对合,干痂;苏木精-伊红染色显示创面毛细血管数量减少,纤维含量增多。对照组创面对合不整齐,创面较实验组大;苏木精-伊红染色显示毛细血管数量较多,扩张明显,大量炎性细胞浸润。提示胶原蛋白-壳聚糖复合纳米纤维膜较普通纱布敷料能更好的促进创伤修复、愈合。     

Human neutrophil elastase and collagenase sequestration with phosphorylated cotton wound dressings

The design and preparation of wound dressings that redress the protease imbalance in chronic wounds is an important goal of wound healing and medical materials science. Chronic wounds contain high levels of tissue and cytokine-destroying proteases including matrix metalloprotease and neutrophil elastase. Thus, the lowering of excessive protease levels in the wound environment by wound dressing sequestration prevents the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors necessary for wound healing. Phosphorylated cotton wound dressings were prepared to target sequestration of proteases from chronic wound exudate through a cationic uptake binding mechanism involving salt bridge formation of the positively charged amino acid side chains of proteases with the phosphate counterions of the wound dressing fiber. Dressings were prepared by applying sodium hexametaphosphate and diammonium phosphate in separate formulations to cotton gauze by pad/dry/cure methods. Phosphorylated cotton dressings were assessed for their ability to lower elastase and collagenase activity. The phosphorylated cotton dressings lowered elastase and collagenase activity 40-80% more effectively than the untreated cotton wound dressings under conditions that mimic chronic wound exudate. Efficacy of the phosphorylated cotton was found to be related to the level of phosphorylation and a lower pH due to protonated phosphate at the surface of the dressing. The capacity of the modified gauze to sequester continued elastase secretions similar to that found in a chronic wound over a 24-h period was retained within a 80% retention of elastase sequestration and was dose-dependent.     

The use of bioactive wound dressing,stimulating epithelial regeneration of IIIa-degree burn wounds

Clinical and morphological comparison of wound healing after transplantation of living cultured allofibroblast on days 1–2 after the injury, collagen-1-based dressing with PDGF-BB, and traditional dressing with levomecol ointment showed that bioactive dressing accelerated wound epithelialization (5–7 days vs. 20–22 days with gauze dressing); the incidence of suppurative complications decreased, no crust formed, and epithelialization was not associated with the formation of a hypertrophic cicatrix. Biological dressing based on living cultured allofibroblasts and collagen-1 with PDGF-BB exhibited equal stimulatory effects on burn wound healing. Translated from Kletochnye Tehnologii v Biologii i Medicine, No. 3, pp. 166–170, August, 2008     

应用胶原酶软膏治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床实验研究

目的探讨无菌胶原酶软膏对于深Ⅱ度烧伤创面酶学清创的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择深Ⅱ度烧伤创面50例，随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组创面采用无菌胶原酶软膏治疗，而对照组创面则采用凡士林油膏治疗，观察坏死组织清除和创面愈合情况。所获数据采用分层区组随机化法进行分析，组间比较分别采用X^2检验和方差分析进行检验。结果实验组创面的坏死组织清除率明显大于对照组创面（P〈0．05），愈合时间也较对照组短（P〈0．05）。结论胶原酶软膏能有效清除深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的坏死组织，加速创面的愈合。     

Electrospun inorganic and polymer composite nanofibers for biomedical applications

Engineered nanofibers are generally focused on filtration, solar cells, sensors, smart textile fabrication, tissue engineering, etc. Electrospun nanofibers have potential advantages in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of the ease in the incorporation of drugs, growth factors, natural materials, and inorganic nanoparticles in to these nanofiber scaffolds. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds composed of synthetic and natural polymers are being explored as scaffolds similar to natural extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. The requirement of the inorganic composites in the nanofiber scaffolds for favouring hard and soft tissue engineering applications is dealt in detail in the present review. Regarding drug delivery applications of the composite nanofibers, the review emphasizes on wound healing with silver nanoparticles incorporated nanofibers, bone tissue engineering, and cancer chemotherapy with titanium and platinum complexes loaded nanofibers. The review also describes gold nanoparticle loaded nanofibers for cancer diagnosis and cosmetic applications.