尿碘标准物测定结果的统计分析

目的 采用两种统计学检验方法，判定快速尿碘试剂盒法与标准方法的一致性。对同一组尿碘实验平均值与其标准值的比较，观测结果有无差异及对判定结果的影响。方法 用正态分布小样本容量的简化检验(A法)和方差检验(B法)来判定两种测定方法所得结果的异同。结果 检验表明：用(A法)对两种测定方法，所测标样的平均值进行比较，结果无差异。用(A法)再次对测定均值与标准值进行比较，结果也无差异。为准确评价快速法的测定结果，再采用(B法)进行统计比较．以提高数据质量。结论 应用两种统计学检验方法对同一组实验观察平均值与其标准值的比较结果，标样2快速法结果偏低，其它经方差检验测定值与标准值相符。     

石灰滤纸法监测室内空气氟的适用性

我们在应用石灰滤纸法(简称LTP法)监测室内空气氟,实验研究其采样方法和该法测定结果(ug/dm~2·d8y)与大流量玻纤滤纸阻留吸收法(以下称采样器法)测定结果(mg/M~3)进行换     

DNA测序、PCR-SSCP和phaB间接药敏实验检测结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性的比较

地点:印度Chennai结核病研究中心。目的:利用表型和基因型方法快速鉴定耐多药结核分枝杆菌。设计:对两种基因型分析方法,即 DNA测序法和聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)法和一种表型分析方法,即噬菌体生物增殖法(phaB)进行了实验室内的标准化,并利用这三种方法测定101株RFPr和100株RFPs临床分离结核分枝杆菌 的利福平耐药性。结果和结论:将三种方法的检测结果与常规间接药敏实验进行比较。DNA测序法的灵敏度和特异度分别为97％和100％,PCR-SSCP法为76％和100％,而phaB实验为97％和84％。DNA测序法的灵敏度和特异度高于其它两种方法。     

布氏菌转移因子的免疫增效作用研究

布氏菌特异性猪脾转移因子(PSBr—TF)与布氏菌苗S_(105)一起免疫时,可降低实验豚鼠的脏器感染率。当豚鼠用布氏菌苗104M免疫后,再注射布氏菌转移因子可显著提高菌苗的免疫力,脾菌数法结果与单独菌苗免疫组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。PS Br—TF单独注射豚鼠后,对实验感染布氏菌的豚鼠亦有保护作用,脾菌数法结果与对照相比亦有显著性差异(P<0.01)。说明,布氏菌特异性转移因子具有依赖抗原的刺激作用,可作为预防布氏菌病菌苗增效剂。     

用PVC—ELISA法检测实验大鼠广州管圆线虫抗体

本文首次报道用聚氯乙烯凹孔薄膜作载体进行酶联免疫吸附试验(PVC-ELISA)检测实验感染广州管圆线虫SD大鼠血清中特异性抗体,并与常规ELISA平行比较。对67份实验感染广州管圆线虫并经以后解剖证实有此虫寄生的大鼠血清抗体进行检测,全部均显示阳性结果,阳性率为100％;40份正常大鼠血清均为阴性。在判断实验结果时,消光值法及目测法皆可。两法检测结果未见有统计学差异。本文认为,PVC-ELISA法是一种敏感性高、特异性好、简便、经济、快速的广州管圆线虫抗体检测方法。     

胃癌自发性细胞凋亡及TNF诱导凋亡的观察研究

本实验利用末端脱氧核苷酸酶转移法(TDT法)在胃癌石蜡切片上观察胃癌的自发性细胞凋亡,并用外源性重组TNF作用MKN-45胃癌细胞株,用TDT法,流式细胞仅(FCM)、DNA凝胶电泳同步观察胃癌细胞的诱发性凋亡,并用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性测定评估细胞死亡情况。结果显示:胃癌细胞自发性凋亡<5％,重组TNF能诱导胃癌细胞凋亡。TDT法结果与FCM分析及DNA电泳结果相符。重组TNF能抑制细胞周期。     

吸血蚊种的黑罩与网袋计数法

苏联在研究吸血蚊种的计数时常用的方法有黑罩法与网袋法,本文试图对以往各地在不同条件下对不同蚊种的计数结果进行核实。实验证明两种方法在标准条件下(在5分钟内和网袋挥舞100下)所得结果相似,证实了以往     

三种梅毒螺旋体血清学检测方法应用

目的:对三种梅毒螺旋体血清学试验方法进行总结比较,为临床提供合理的检验方案。方法:用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)、梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)三种方法对274例标本进行检测,其中梅毒患者101例,对照组(非梅毒患者)173例,并对结果分析。结果:在梅毒患者中,TRUST法检出73例,阳性率72.28%,TP-ELISA法检出98例,阳性率97%,TPPA法检出100例,阳性率99%。TPPA法与TP-ELISA法结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);TRUST法与TPPA法、TP-ELISA法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:初诊患者应用TRUST和TPPA联合检验,复诊患者用TRUST方法检测以观察治疗效果;而TP-ELISA和TPPA临床意义相当,两者可选其一作为确证实验。     

用McAb—AST对山丘疫区黑热病漏诊的实验诊断研究

本文报道McAb-AST法对我国山丘疫区骨髓涂片检查漏诊的黑热病病例实验诊断价值。观察的81例中骨髓涂片法漏诊者有13例,经McAb-AST显阳性反应,而给予锑剂治疗,治后11例临床痊愈,用McAb-AST复查者也转为阴性反应(1例复发除外),从而表明骨髓涂片法漏诊率高达16.05％,而McAb—AST显假阴性反应者仅有1例(1.23％)。本文还对McAb-AST的实验条件进行了改进,并以实验结果论证了McAb-AST阳性反应系由于特异性McAb-与循环抗原的结合,而不是非特异性反应所致。     

斑点ELISA法检测流行性出血热患者血清中特异性抗体

<正> 检测血清中流行性出血热(EHF)特异性抗体大都用间接免疫荧光法(IFAT),但该法由于需要荧光显微镜等特殊设备,因而在基层的推广使用常受到限制。为此,本实验将斑点ELISA(DIA)技术应用于病人血清特异性抗体的检测,同时与IFAT作一比较,获得满意结果,现报告如下。     

A study on virus localization and microcirculation in the liver in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever]

The findings in our clinical study was consistent with those reported by others that a temporary elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity is associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). However, the pathogenesis of the concomitant changes in liver function tests is still not clear. To clarify whether EHF virus is cytopathic or not for the liver, percutaneous liver biopsy was done in 19 patients with EHF within 3-12 days after the onset of symptoms. These liver biopsy specimens were examined with immunofluorescence assay and cell cultural technique, showing the presence of active viral replication in liver cells. Electron microscopy observation of the infected liver cells showed that ultrastructural distortions was accompanied by the existence of inclusion bodies of EHF virus in vacuoles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, endotheliocyte and microvilli. These findings strongly suggest that EHF virus may play a causative role in liver injury in patients suffering from EHF and hepatic microcirculation disturbance may be involved in the pathogenesis of EHF-related liver dysfunction as well.     

Ebola in Africa--discoveries in the past decade

Within the past decade, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) has been recognised for the first time in four countries. Our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and control measures for EHF has improved considerably as a result of the outbreaks in these countries and the re-emergence that has occurred in another. The coordinated international responses to several of the large EHF outbreaks serve as models for controlling epidemics of other communicable diseases. This report is a chronological overview of the EHF outbreaks in Africa during the past decade, including the recent epidemics in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, and highlights new discoveries and some of the remaining challenges.     

应用血凝抑制试验对福建流行性出血热患者血清分型的探讨

用HI检查60例EHF病人血清,阳性51例(85％),与IFAT的符合率为94％,表明有较高的特异性和敏感性。用HI检查福建省野鼠型为主的混合疫源地的病人血清6例,其中野鼠型4例(66.57％),家鼠型2例(33.43％);检查家鼠型疫区病人血清45例,其中家鼠型44例(97.78％),野鼠型1例(2.22％),发现了家鼠型疫区亦有野鼠型病毒感染的病人。该法可用于EHF病人血清抗体的分型,这对灭鼠具有指导意义。     

Antigenic difference between viral strains causing classical and mild types of epidemic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China

The antigenic relationship between viral isolates from Apodemus and Rattus that appear to cause the classical and mild types of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in China was studied by cross-immunofluorescence, cross-neutralization, immunofluorescence blocking tests, and cross-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Obvious antigenic diversity between the isolates was demonstrated by cross-neutralization, immunofluorescence blocking tests, and cross-ELISA. Antisera from patients with classical EHF neutralized viruses of both types to a similar degree, but antisera from patients with mild EHF showed little neutralization of apodemus virus. Similarly, antisera from classical EHF blocked immunofluorescence by monoclonal antibody (25-1 McAb) derived from apodemus virus to both viral antigens, but antisera from mild EHF gave only low-grade blocking against apodemus viral antigen. Direct antigenic titrations of both viral strains by cross-ELISA yielded similar results. That distinct antigenic differences exist between viral strains causing these two types of EHF might be of great importance to the serological differentiation of the viruses and the study of EHF vaccine.     

从蚤体内分离流行性出血热病毒的研究

本研究从流行性出血热(EHF)病毒抗原阳性的褐家鼠体表收集缓慢细蚤(Leptop-sylla segnis)、开皇客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis),经反复冲洗后制备悬液,并接种小白鼠乳鼠,分别经3、4代观察,乳鼠表现特异的病状,有的死亡。其脑、肺组织应用IFAT检查EHF病毒抗原阳性。阳性鼠脑悬液再接种Vero E_6细胞亦呈阳性。因而首次证实缓慢细蚤、开皇客蚤能自然感染EHF病毒,其在流行病学中的意义应进一步研究。     

流行性出血热对房室结功能的影响

采用无创伤性食管心房调搏法，测定７０例流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）患者发病期与恢复期房室结（ＡＶＮ）的电生理参数，时其中３１例分别测定了发病早期和发病晚期的参数，对４例重型患者测定了４次。分别比较了发病期与恢复期，发病早期与发病晚期，轻型发病期与恢复期，中重型发病期与恢复期ＡＶＮ功能。结果显示:发病期，尤其是发病早期，ＡＶＮ功能损害明显，中重型较轻型损害明显。ＥＨＦ对ＡＶＮ功能的损害是ＥＨＦ某些心律失常的直接原因。无创伤性食管心房调搏法是检查ＥＨＦ患者心脏损害的安全、可靠指标。     

2005~2014年吉林省流行性出血热流行特征分析

目的  通过分析吉林省近10年流行性出血热（EHF）的流行病学特征,了解疾病发展态势,为该病预防控制提供建议和依据。 方法  收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统2005~2014年吉林省流行性出血热（EHF）发病信息并进行统计分析。 结果  10年间,2005年发病率最高,之后总体呈逐年下降趋势,2011年发病率达到最低。发病时间呈现两个高峰,高发月份为4~6月和11~1月。各市（州）均有病例报告,2005年发病率排名前3位的地区分别为延边朝鲜族自治州、白山市、吉林市。2014年为白城市、通化市、辽源市。各年龄组人群均有发病报告,其中男性发病人数均多于女性,主要集中在30~59岁年龄组,职业以农民为主。 结论  吉林省近几年流行性出血热（EHF）发病率有增加趋势,发病年龄后移,发病地区有从农村向城市、从东向西发展的趋势。各相关部门应加强对高发地区和发病率上升地区的高危人群的监测工作,并在高发季节来临前做好宣传和环境整治等工作。     

Using urinary diagnostic indices to evaluate acute renal failure in epidemic hemorrhagic fever

The urinary diagnostic indices were used to evaluate acute renal failure in 118 cases with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). When the renal failure was mainly caused by acute tubular necrosis, it would occur earlier and persist longer. The authors suggested that the indices are helpful in documenting the severity and identifying the characteristics of acute renal failure in EHF. The mechanisms for developing acute renal failure in EHF was discussed.     

Filovirus outbreak detection and surveillance: lessons from Bundibugyo

The first outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) due to Bundibugyo ebolavirus occurred in Uganda from August to December 2007. During outbreak response and assessment, we identified 131 EHF cases (44 suspect, 31 probable, and 56 confirmed). Consistent with previous large filovirus outbreaks, a long temporal lag (approximately 3 months) occurred between initial EHF cases and the subsequent identification of Ebola virus and outbreak response, which allowed for prolonged person-to-person transmission of the virus. Although effective control measures for filovirus outbreaks, such as patient isolation and contact tracing, are well established, our observations from the Bundibugyo EHF outbreak demonstrate the need for improved filovirus surveillance, reporting, and diagnostics, in endemic locations in Africa.