山莨菪碱对脑缺血局部血流量的影响

用放射性生物微球法,观察了山莨菪碱对双侧颈总动脉结扎(BCAL)后大鼠脑局部血流量的影响.BCAL使大鼠大脑半球血流量显著减少,以中部最明显。山莨菪减10mg·kg~(-1)iv明显增加缺血最严重的大脑中部血流量,20mg·kg~(-1)iv明显增加整个大脑半球血流量,40mg·kg~(-1)iv则作用减弱。BCAL后心肌血流量明显增加,山莨菪碱20mg·kg~(-1)iv使其进一步增加,但40mg·kg_(-1)iv则使其显著减少。10～20·mg·kg~(-1)iv对BCA L后的心指数无明显影响,40mg·kg~(-1)iV则使其明显增大。     

盐酸苯喹咛对失血性休克大鼠的影响

目的：探讨抗胆碱能药物盐酸苯喹咛对休克的治疗作用。方法：给失血性休克模型大鼠15只分为3组,盐酸苯喹咛mg/kg,iv,观察给药前后不同时间血细胞灌流量、平均动脉压（MABP）、呼吸频率与通气量等指标的变化,并与山莨菪碱5mg/kg,iv进行比较,结果：山莨菪碱在给药后5min使大鼠耳廓血细胞灌流量、MABP、呼吸频率以及通气量均有短暂的降低,然后缓慢上升,与对照组相比,只有耳廓血细胞灌流量与MABP明显升高;盐酸苯喹咛对大鼠MABP无明显改变,但能迅速提高休克大鼠耳廓血细胞灌流量,且保持在较高水平,对呼吸频率与通气量也有明显提高,死亡时间与山莨菪碱组相当,均有明显延长。结论：盐酸苯奎咛通过对微循环的调节作用以及机体气体交换能力的提高,使休克状态得以改善,提高休克机体的生存质量。     

山莨菪碱对肾移植术后并发症的治疗

目的：研究山莨菪碱对移植肾术后并发症的治疗作用。方法：肾移植术后３２人。术后１４人未发生少尿时ｉｖ山莨菪碱４７±ｓ１２（３０～６０）ｍｇ／ｄ，连续给药７．１±２．９ｄ（４～１０ｄ）（预防组）。术后１８人出现少尿时ｉｖ山莨菪碱９１±２７（６０～１２０）ｍｇ／ｄ、呋塞米与免疫抑制剂（治疗组）。结果：预防组多尿期缩短１～３ｄ，２４ｈ尿量明显少于治疗组，血肌酐达正常值较治疗组提前１．５ｄ，无继发少尿或无尿。治疗组亦全部恢复正常，肾功能达显效所需时间为２．５±１．０ｄ（１～４ｄ）。结论：山莨菪碱具有改善和保护移植肾功能，预防和治疗移植肾术后出现的少尿或无尿的作用。     

莨菪类药物对大鼠脑,心肌血流量和心指数的影响

采用放射性生物微球法观察了莨菪类药物(HD)对大鼠脑血流量(CBF)、心肌血流量(MBF)和心指数(C1)的影响.结果表明HD明显增加CBF和MBF。减小CI.本文三种药物增加大脑半球 CBF作用随剂量增加而增强,Ani10～40 mg·kg~(-1)iv增加26～73％;东莨菪碱(Sco)1.25～5mg·kg~(-1)iv增加17～38％;阿托品(Atr)2.5～10mg·kg~(-1)iv增加17～64％,HD增加MBF作用远较增加CBF作用强.Ani 10～20 mg·kg~(-1)iv增加128～198％;但40 mg·kg~(-1)iv作用明显减弱;Sco 1.25～5mg·kg~(-1)iv增加5l～116％;Atr 5～10 mg·kg~(-1)iv增加113～137％,三药均可明显减小CI。     

相对低分子质量肝素对大鼠的抗凝血作用

目的：观察相对低分子质量肝素（LMWH）的抗凝作用。方法：大鼠予LMWH,sc后,采血进行体外循环试验且取血浆测定凝血指标。结果：2或4mg/kg的LMWH能显著延长纤维蛋白栓形成时间（TFT）,显著减少血栓的干湿重量。1mg/kgLMWH仅能延长TFT和减少血栓长度。对常用凝血指标如全血凝血时间（CT）、复钙时间（RT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）和凝血酶时间（TT）也有显著的延长作用,但对白陶土部分凝血活酶时间（KPTT）作用较弱。普通肝素4mg/kg对以上各指标也有极显著的作用。结论：LMWH能抑制血栓形成,同时有导致出血的倾向。     

藻酸双酯钠与丹参或山莨菪碱加维生素K_1治疗急性乙型肝炎的比较

目的：探索藻酸双酯钠（ＰＳＳ）治疗急性乙型肝炎的疗效，并与丹参或山莨菪碱加维生素Ｋ１作比较。方法：Ａ组５６例（男性４４例，女性１２例；年龄３３±ｓ１３ａ）用ＰＳＳ０．１ｇ。Ｂ组５４例（男性４１例，女性１３例；年龄３２±１１ａ）用复方丹参２０ｍＬ。Ｃ组５４例（男性４３例，女性１１例，年龄２９±１３ａ）用氢溴酸山莨菪碱４０ｍｇ加维生素Ｋ１３０ｍｇ。３组药物均分别溶于１０％葡萄糖液５００ｍＬ中静脉滴注，ｑｄ，疗程均为７￣１０ｄ。结果：Ａ组血液粘度、血细胞聚集指数、微循环滞留时间、血栓形成系数均较治疗前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；丙氨酸转氨酶和血清胆红素恢复正常天数均快于Ａ和Ｂ２组。结论：ＰＳＳ不仅有显著改善微循环作用，且降低转氨酶、消退黄疸疗效优于Ｂ，Ｃ２组。     

山莨菪碱对下肢手术缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

目的评价山莨菪碱对下肢手术缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。方法将40例行单侧下肢骨科手术并且应用止血带的患者随机分为实验组（n=20,山莨菪碱4 mg）和对照组（n=20,等量生理盐水）。在术前应用止血带前（T1）和止血带放气后30 min（T2）抽静脉血,对比两组血清MDA变化。结果实验组从T1到T2时间内生成的血清MDA值低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论山莨菪碱能减少缺血/再灌注引起的自由基生成量,减轻肢体缺血/再灌注自由基的损伤,对于止血带诱发的肢体缺血/再灌注损伤有一定的影响。     

Beneficial effect of anisodamine in hemorrhagic shock

Summary Anisodamine, an alkaloid extracted from Anisodus tanguticus, is widely used in China in the treatment of septic shock, but its mechanism of action is unknown. We studied its antishock action in cats in a well controlled model of hermorrhagic shock. A bolus dose of 1 mg/kg was given intravenously 20 min after MABP was stabilized at 40–45 mm Hg, followed by i.v. infusion of 2 mg/kg/h during the oligemic period. Two hours post-reinfusion, MABP was significantly higher (106±10 mm Hg) in the drug-treated group than in shock cats receiving only vehicle (53±6 mm Hg, P<0.001). Anisodamine treated shock cats exhibited significantly lower cathepsin D activity (P<0.02) and amino-nitrogen concentration (P<0.001) than untreated shock animals. Plasma myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activity was significantly increased in the untreated shock cats (61±6 Units/ml), but the plasma accumulation of MDF was significantly blunted by anisodamine (32±5 Units/ml, P<0.01). Anisodamine did not increase superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAF) in this model of hemorrhagic shock as there was no significant difference in SMAF between the two shocked groups. Thus, the beneficial effect of anisodamine probably is not due to vasodilation of the splanchnic vasculature. In vitro analysis indicates that the drug has a direct anti-proteolytic action in cat pancreatic homogenates. This may partly explain the mechanism of its action, which appears to be complex.Supported by the W. W. Smith Charitable Trust     

山莨菪碱用于小儿非气管插管全麻术后催醒的临床观察

目的：观察山莨菪碱用于小儿非气管插管全麻术后催醒的临床效果。方法：60例静脉全麻患儿ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为山莨菪碱催醒（A）组与自然苏醒（B）组各30例。所有患儿均采用氯胺酮＋异丙酚麻醉。术毕A组静注山莨菪碱0．2mg／ks,B组待其自然苏醒。结果：山莨菪碱组在催醒后10,20和30min苏醒率为2627％,90.00％,100．00％;而自然苏醒组10,20及30min分别为10．00％,40．00％和86．67％。两组比较A组苏醒时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。结论：山莨菪碱用于小儿非气管插管全麻术后催醒,可明显缩短麻醉苏醒时间,催醒效果确切．苏醒期平稳,脉氧饱和度（SpO2）维持在98％以上,优于自然苏醒组,除短暂的心率加快外未发现其他不良反应,是值得推广的催醒方法。     

Influence of indometacin farnesil on blood coagulation. Comparison with indomethacin in normal rats and warfarin induced hypoprothrombinemic rats

The influence of indometacin farnesil (IMF), a prodrug of indomethacin, on blood coagulation was compared with indomethacin (Ind) in normal rats and warfarin treated rats. In normal rats, 30 mg/kg of Ind very markedly shortened the extrinsic coagulation time and decreased the hematocrit, GOT, GPT and ALP in plasma at 24 hr after administration, but 3 mg/kg of Ind and both 10 and 100 mg/kg of IMF did not influence any parameter. In warfarin treated rats, 2.5 mg/kg of Ind decreased the normal prothrombin level at 48 hr, and 10 mg/kg of Ind prolonged the blood coagulation time, decreased the normal prothrombin level and hematocrit, and increased the PIVKA-II level. Moreover, at 48 hr, 3 of 6 rats in the 10 mg/kg Ind-administered group died due to intestinal bleeding. IMF at all dosages examined did not affect any of the above parameters.