保健食品“黄芝精”颗粒剂成型工艺研究

目的:优选出"黄芝精"颗粒的最佳制剂工艺。方法:采用单因素实验及正交实验对辅料种类、用量、润湿剂的浓度及用量进行考查,以颗粒的成型性、吸湿性、流动性及溶化时间为评价指标,采用综合评分法,筛选出制备"黄芝精"颗粒的最优辅料。结果:"黄芝精"颗粒制剂最佳辅料为糊精,其用量为干浸膏粉:糊精为1∶1,润湿剂为70%的乙醇,其用量为总固体量1/6。结论:优选出的成型工艺合理可行,所得颗粒质量较好,符合要求。     

复方肾炎片成型工艺研究

目的确定复方肾炎片成型工艺。方法采用颗粒合格率、休止角、吸湿率及可压性为考查指标,考查了复方肾炎片制粒的配方;对颗粒临界相对湿度、颗粒流动性、堆密度进行了测定;对片型片重进行了选择。结果复方肾炎片制粒的配方以药粉：可溶性淀粉：β-CD为80∶15：5为佳;颗粒临界相对湿度为65%,颗粒休止角为33.1°,颗粒堆密度为0.49g/cm3;选择了0.6g/片的异型片;确定了薄膜包衣工艺和整个成型工艺流程。结论本试验为复方肾炎片成型工艺提供了试验依据。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O_(157)∶H_7增菌培养基的研制及模拟标本增菌效果观察

[目的 ]研制肠出血性大肠杆菌 (EHEC)O157∶H7增菌培养基 ,以提高感染人群和污染标本中O157∶H7的检出率。 [方法 ]以实验室常用方法测定研制的增菌培养基N mEHEC中胆盐、新生霉素的最佳用量及培养时间 ;比较N mEHEC与文献采用的N mEC对粪便模拟标本 (大便悬液 不同浓度O157∶H7菌悬液 )中O157∶H7的检出率。 [结果 ]N mEHEC中胆盐用量以 8 0g/L ,新生霉素用量 2 0mg/L ,37℃培养 16～ 2 4h为宜。N mEHEC对模拟标本中的非目的菌 (正常大便悬液中的细菌 )和目的菌 (O157∶H7)之比为 90∶1和 90 0∶1时检出率均为 10 0 % ,9× 10 3∶1和 9× 10 4∶1时为 81 3%和 5 0 % ;而N mEC在 90∶1时检出率为 10 0 % ,90 0∶1、9× 10 3∶1时分别为 5 0 %、6 43% ,9× 10 4∶1时则未检出。两种增菌培养基在培养前只有 90∶1时可以检出 ,其检出率分别为 75 %和 78 1%。 [结论 ]N mEHEC具有良好的选择性增菌作用 ,适用于感染人群和污染标本O157∶H7的增菌。     

ES-生物烯丙菊酯与氯菊酯联合作用的研究

目的评价ES-生物烯丙菊酯与氯菊酯对淡色库蚊、家蝇的联合作用,为卫生杀虫剂的合理应用提供参考。方法分别采用圆桶喷雾法、玻璃瓶药膜法测试药剂对淡色库蚊、家蝇的击倒和致死性能,采用共毒系数法评价击倒的联合作用,采用增效效果法评价致死的联合作用。结果当ES-生物烯丙菊酯与氯菊酯的配比为3∶100~4∶100时,对蚊的击倒性能表现相加作用,5∶100~7∶100时表现增效作用;当3∶100~7∶100时对蝇的击倒性能均表现增效作用;3∶100~7∶100时对蚊蝇的致死性能均表现为相加作用。结论当选择ES-生物烯丙菊酯与氯菊酯复配时,宜选择5∶100~7∶100等具有增效作用的配比。     

两种方法杀灭列车蜚蠊效果比较

为控制旅客列车蜚蠊危害日益严重的局面 ,在2 5Ｇ和 2 2Ｂ型客车上 ,应用热烟雾和机动喷雾两种方法进行了试验研究。1　观察对象　选取 315次 (西安—南宁 ) 2组车体共 32节车厢 ,作为 2 2Ｂ型旅客列车的代表 ;379次(无锡—南宁 ) 4组车体共 6 0节车厢 ,作为 2 5Ｇ型旅客列车的代表。以上 6组车体分为 2个实验组 ,每个实验组包括 1组 2 2Ｂ型和 2组 2 5Ｇ型车体 ,分别进行热烟雾和机动喷雾杀虫实验。2　实验过程　热烟雾实验组采用美国丹拿公司制造的金鹰 2 6 10型热烟雾机施烟 ,热烟雾剂配比 :拜力坦∶敌敌畏∶柴油 =2 5%∶2 %∶73% ,流量 …     

不同条件瑞-姬氏混染的效果对比及其在细胞微核试验中的应用

目的 探讨瑞-姬氏(Wright-Giemsa)混染配比浓度和不同染色时间对染色效果的影响.方法 以瑞-姬氏混染、瑞氏单染、姬氏单染对HepG2细胞进行染色,瑞氏法和姬氏法单染的时间分别为3和5 min,瑞-姬氏混染采用不同的染液配比和染色时间,配比范围在3∶1～1∶3之间5个不同的配比浓度,分别染色1、3、5、10和15 min,观察其对染色效果的影响.结果 3∶1瑞-姬氏混染3～5 min可以获得较瑞氏或姬氏单一染色更好的染色效果.结论 瑞-姬氏混合染色法可应用于微核试验中的细胞染色,并可获得良好的染色效果.     

化妆品中维生素D_2、维生素D_3的高效液相色谱测定

目的建立化妆品中维生素D2、维生素D3的高效液相色谱检测方法,用于监测化妆品中维生素D2、维生素D3的使用情况。方法通过考察不同型号液相色谱柱、不同类型流动相及配比,确定了最佳色谱条件,并进行了线性范围、检出限、精密度、准确度试验。结果在AlltimaC18(250mm×4.6mmI.D.,5μμm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇∶乙腈=90∶10;流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为265nm;柱温为25℃时,维生素D2、维生素D3在0.5~100mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.12mg/L和0.06mg/L;不同浓度维生素D2、维生素D3的变异系数分别小于3.8%和3.5%;加标量为20μg/g时,维生素D2、维生素D3的加标回收率分别在94.2%~101.4%和91.6%~97.2%之间。结论该方法具有操作简便、准确、快速等特点,适于同时测定化妆品中的维生素D2、维生素D3。     

分散紫HFRL和分散橙S-4RL对大型溞的单一与联合急性毒性效应

目的以大型溞(Daphniamagna)为试验生物,研究分散紫HFRL和分散橙S-4RL对大型溞的单独急性毒性及联合急性毒性。方法采用大型溞毒性试验标准方法,设置5个浓度梯度及空白对照,测定分散紫HFRL(12.5~200 mg/ml)和分散橙S-4RL(0.012 5~0.2 mg/ml)及其混合物(0.000 8~0.5 mg/ml分散紫HFRL和0.000 5~0.8 mg/ml分散橙S-4RL)对大型溞的24h及48 h急性毒性。采用毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)、混合毒性指数法(MTI)以及毒性增大指数(TEI)评价联合毒性。结果分散紫HFRL的48 h-LC50为177.93 mg/L;分散橙S-4RL的24 h及48 h-LC50分别为0.05和0.03mg/L。分散橙S-4RL和分散紫HFRL配比为1∶4、2∶3、1∶1、3∶2、4∶1时的24 h-LC50mix分别为0.05、0.11、0.09、0.12、0.28mg/L;48 h-LC50mix分别为0.02、0.03、0.02、0.05、0.07mg/L。不同联合毒性评价方法结果相同:当毒性单位配比为1∶4及2∶3时,表现为弱协同作用,而配比为1∶1、3∶2以及4∶1时表现为拮抗作用。结论本次研究的两种染料的不同配比对大型溞的毒性不同,一般呈现拮抗作用;三种联合毒性评价方法结果一致。     

复方氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片的制备及影响因素考察

目的:优化复方氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片处方.方法:采用单因素法分别考察填充剂、崩解剂用量、片剂外观、崩解时限、溶出度等的影响.结果:复方氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片的处方组成为:氯沙坦钾20%,氢氯噻嗪5%,微晶纤维素34%、乳糖18%、预胶化淀粉18%,崩解剂低取代羟丙基纤维素4%,黏合剂为5%聚乙烯吡咯烷(PVP)的乙醇溶液.结论:制备的复方氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片各项指标均符合规定,工艺稳定可靠.     

正交实验优选胜红清热片的提取条件

目的优选胜红清热片提取的工艺条件。方法以胜红清热片中连翘苷为定量指标成分,通过对胜红清热片提取方法的比较与筛选,确定浸泡时间、溶剂用量、提取时间为影响因素,并以L9(34)正交实验表安排实验。结果胜红清热片药材加水煎煮二次,第一次加12倍量水煎煮2 h,第二次加10倍量水煎煮1.5 h,为胜红清热片最佳提取工艺。结论优选的提取条件效率高,可增加药材的利用率。     

Effects of a soluble dietary fibre NUTRIOSE? on colonic fermentation and excretion rates in rats

The resistant dextrin NUTRIOSE®, developed from starch, is expected to act as a prebiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE® on cecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and fecal excretion in rats. In an initial experiment, twenty-four male Fischer F344 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments for 14 days: G0 (control diet), G2.5 (control diet + 2.5% of dextrin), G5 (control diet + 5% of dextrin), and G10 (control diet + 10% of dextrin). After 14 days, total cecal weight, cecal content, and cecal wall weight were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to G0. At the same time, cecal pH was significantly lower in G10 compared to G0. Total SCFA concentration was significantly higher in G10 than in G5, G2.5, and G0, and significantly higher in G5 than in G0. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate concentrations were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to the controls. In a second trial based on a similar design, eighteen male Fischer F344 rats were treated with a control diet supplemented with 5% of dextrin or 5% of fructo-oligosaccharide. The results obtained with NUTRIOSE® were similar to those obtained with the fructo-oligosaccharide. In a third experiment, two groups of 5 Fischer F344 rats were orally treated with 100 and 1,000 mg/kg NUTRIOSE®, respectively, and from 18% to 25% of the dextrin was excreted in the feces. The results of these three studies show that the consumption of NUTRIOSE®, by its effects on total cecal weight, cecal content, cecal wall weight, pH, and SCFA production, could induce healthy benefits since these effects are reported to be prebiotic effects.     

经腹超声介入穿刺配合药物治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿的疗效评价

目的:评价经腹超声引导下穿刺巧克力囊肿,抽吸囊液,注入无水乙醇,并配合促性腺激素释放激素激素激动剂(GnRHa)治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿的有效性。方法:对98例卵巢巧克力囊肿患者在超声引导下经腹穿刺抽吸囊液后注入无水乙醇。再随机分为两组:GnRHa治疗组和对照组,观察其治愈率和复发率。结果:GnRHa药物治疗组治愈率为92%,明显高于对照组的65%,(P<0.005)。GnRHa治疗组复发率为8%,明显低于对照组的35%。(P<0.005)。结论:经腹超声介入穿刺配合药物治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿是1种安全、有效、经济简便、对卵巢功能无明显影响的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Synergistic effect of starch on the antibacterial activity of honey

The role of amylase present in honey in enhancing its antibacterial activity was evaluated in the presence and absence of starch. Two strains of pathogenic bacteria have been used: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. For S. aureus, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the three varieties of honey tested without starch was 11%, 24%, and 29% (vol/vol), respectively. When starch was added with honey to the media the MIC obtained was 5%, 19%, and 25% (vol/vol), respectively. For E. coli, the MIC for the three varieties without starch was 23%, 28%, and 25% (vol/vol), respectively. When starch was added with honey to media, the MIC was 19%, 26%, and 23% (vol/vol), respectively. It is speculated that the amylase present in honey hydrolyzed the starch chains to randomly produce dextrin and maltose and that this increased the osmotic effect of the media, which consequently increased the antibacterial activity.     

Apparent inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary mono- and disaccharides as energy sources

Purified diets containing equivalent amounts of glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, corn starch and dextrin were fed to fingerling channel catfish (Icatalurus punctatus) to compare the growth responses to these various carbohydrates. The best growth response was achieved with dextrin and the next best with corn starch. Fish grew at the same rate when glucose, maltose or sucrose was the only dietary carbohydrate source. Dietary fructose resulted in the lowest growth rate. Feed efficiency and percent retained energy values followed the same pattern as growth rates. These data suggest that the catfish is apparently unable to utilize dietary mono- and disaccharides as energy sources. Oral carbohydrate tolerance tests using glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose and dextrin were conducted with larger channel catfish. Oral glucose and maltose resulted in a persistent hyperglycemia indicative of a diabetic-like status. Fructose appeared to be poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract and did not appear to be converted to glucose. Oral administration of sucrose was followed by a gradual increase in plasma glucose, with no detectable fructose being absorbed until the 6-h period. Oral dextrin resulted in less than a two-fold increase in plasma glucose, which remained constant from 2 to 4 h after administration and then declined. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that certain fishes, including the channel catfish, resemble diabetic animals by having insufficient insulin for maximum carbohydrate utilization.     

Soluble fiber dextrin enhances the satiating power of beverages

This study compared the effects of four types of fiber on satiety and energy intakes at the next meal using a standard double-blinded preload study design. Study participants (14 men and 22 women) each took part in 6 study sessions. Study preloads were a combination of a solid snack and a liquid beverage (energy range 0.78-0.83 MJ) containing four different types of fiber: soluble fiber dextrin (12 g), soluble corn fiber (11.8 g), polydextrose (11.8 g), and resistant starch (11.2g). All four fibers were compared to two control conditions of equal volume: an isoenergetic, low-fiber preload and a lower-energy, low-fiber preload. All preloads were presented twice for a total of 0.35-1.65 MJ and 1-24 g fiber. Satiety ratings were collected for 20 min intervals for 220 min during the morning testing session. A test meal was served at 1200 h and plate waste measured. The five higher-energy preloads led to higher fullness and lower hunger ratings compared to the low-energy control but were not significantly different from each other. Relative to the isoenergetic control, only soluble fiber dextrin significantly suppressed energy intakes (p=0.023). Supplementing beverages with soluble fiber dextrin affects short term energy intake and may have implications for weight control.     

经腹部超声引导注射无水乙醇配合药物治疗卵巢囊肿临床研究

目的评价经腹超声引导下穿刺卵巢囊肿，抽吸囊液，注入无水乙醇，并配合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗卵巢囊肿的疗效。方法将126例卵巢囊肿患者随机分为治疗组（65例）和对照组（61例）。治疗组在超声介入下经腹穿刺抽吸囊液，注入无水乙醇后，另给予曲普瑞林3．75mg／次，肌注，每月一次，连用3个月；对照组经穿刺治疗后未予药物治疗。对两组的总有效率和复发率进行比较。结果经治疗后，治疗组总有效率为96．9％，明显高于对照组的80．3％；治疗组复发率为6．4％，明显低于对照组的18．4％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论经腹超声介入穿刺配合药物治疗卵巢囊肿是一种安全、有效、经济简便的方法，值得临床推广应用。     

浙江海岛渔民人群吸烟、饮酒与高脂血症的关系

目的 探讨渔民人群吸烟、饮酒与高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症之间的关系。方法应用现况调查结合病例对照研究的方法，随机抽取115名海岛渔民，按血脂检测结果分为病例组和对照组。采用流行病学问卷调查表的形式，详细调查其个人一般情况及吸烟、饮酒史，用单因素及其统计学分析方法比较吸烟(饮酒)组与对照组间脂蛋白和载脂蛋白(apo)水平差异及吸烟和饮酒对高脂血症的OR值。结果 吸烟组的OR值为3．417(95％CI：1．132～10．308)，吸烟指数与高脂血症患病具有明显的剂量效应关系，吸烟组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)和apoB的水平高于对照组。开始饮酒年龄≤20岁及年饮酒精量≥15000m者，对高脂血症的oR值分别为4．016(95％CI：1．475～10．952)及3．275(95％CI：1．249～8．580)，酗酒渔民LDL—C、apoB、总胆固醇(TC)／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)水平高于对照组，吸烟且饮酒者其OR值高于单吸烟或单饮酒者。结论 吸烟和酗酒是高脂血症的重要危险因素，其主要通过影响LDL—C、apoB水平导致高脂血症发生。吸烟及酗酒对高脂血症的发生具有协同作用。     

Dietary effects on liver and muscle glycogen repletion in exhaustively exercised rats: energy composition and type of complex carbohydrates

Previous reports have indicated that administration of a glucose-citrate (G-C) drink after a bout of exhaustive exercise results in more effective glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle in rats as compared with administration of glucose alone. The present studies report the effects of the energy pattern and the type of carbohydrates, dextrin or starch from rice, in diet given following the G-C drink after exercise, on further glycogen repletion in the tissues of rats. Rats were adapted to meal-feeding 3 times a day and trained with light swimming for 7 to 10 days. On the final day of experiments, rats received the G-C drink after 2 h of exhaustive swimming and were then fed on diets with different energy patterns or carbohydrate types. Results showed that a high-carbohydrate diet is more effective than a high-fat diet for further glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle. In addition, dextrin was revealed to be superior to starch as a carbohydrate source in tissue glycogen repletion. As compared with the high-fat diet, the high-carbohydrate diet, however, resulted in a lower serum free fatty acid concentration 4 h after ingestion of food possibly by decreasing adipose tissue lipolysis.     

外源性甲状腺素对胎儿酒精效果大鼠背侧中缝核中5-羟色胺的影响

目的:研究胎儿酒精效果时大鼠背侧中缝核中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的变化以及外源性甲状腺素对其的影响。方法:实验于2006年1～7月在韩国朝鲜大学神经解剖实验室完成。选择SD母鼠36只,于怀孕第6天随机数字表法分为酒精组、正常对照组、酒精+甲状腺素组3个实验组和代理母组。酒精组每天摄取35 Cal的酒精;正常对照组每天摄取与酒精组相同热量的含糖奶粉;酒精+甲状腺素组每天摄取与酒精组同量的酒精,同时每天在颈后皮下注入5 mg/kg的T4;代理母组每天摄取正常的鼠食。酒精组、正常对照组、酒精+甲状腺素组母鼠分娩6 h后,与其子分开,麻醉后心脏采血,由韩国朝鲜大学医院检验室测试血液中酒精浓度和甲状腺素量,并以Kruskal-Wallistest分析。3组新生子鼠由代理母组的代理母鼠养育,并分别于生后0,7,14,21,28天(P0、P7、P14、P21、P28)时麻醉处死,采用免疫组化染色法,在脑干背侧中缝核中观察含有5-HT神经细胞的分布及形态。结果:①酒精组、酒精+甲状腺素组母鼠血液中酒精浓度高于正常对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。酒精+甲状腺素组母鼠血液中甲状腺素含量高于酒精组,差异显著(P<0.05)。②酒精+甲状腺素组大鼠生后7天始出现分布和形态与正常对照组类似的成熟的含有5-HT神经细胞,即可观察到长而明显突起的、双极或多极的5-HT能神经元,生后14天始出现5-HT能神经元突起所形成的分支以及其相互间的连接。酒精组大鼠始终未出现具有上述表现的成熟的含有5-HT神经细胞。生后各年龄阶段背侧中缝核中,酒精组大鼠含有5-HT神经细胞数均较正常对照组明显减少,并在生后7天始出现的减少更明显。结论:孕期滥用酒精的母鼠接受外源性甲状腺素时,能促进其后代生后早期脑干背侧中缝核中5-HT的合成,促进含有5-HT能神经元的发育,进而能够改善胎儿酒精效果等降低甲状腺素所引起的脑发育障碍。     

Ability of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to utilize different carbohydrate sources

Juvenile white sturgeon were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 27.2% glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, dextrin, raw corn starch or cellulose for 8 wk. Growth, body composition, plasma chemistry (with the exception of glucose), and liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49), malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH, 1.1.1.42) activities of sturgeon were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the different dietary carbohydrate sources. Sturgeon fed either the maltose or glucose diets had the highest percent energy retained, followed by those fed either the dextrin, raw corn starch or sucrose diets, whereas those fed either the lactose, fructose or cellulose diets had the lowest. Sturgeon fed either the maltose or glucose diets were hyperlipidemic, having twice the amount of plasma total lipid, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol as fish fed the other carbohydrate sources. These two carbohydrate sources were also more lipogenic: maltose- or glucose-fed sturgeon had significantly higher body lipid and liver G6PDH, malic enzyme, and ICDH activities. The poor ability of sturgeon to utilize either sucrose or lactose appears to be due to low intestinal sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and lactase (EC 3.2.1.108) activities. Intestinal aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.11), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20), sucrase and lactase activities of sturgeon were not affected by feeding different carbohydrate sources for 8 wk.