睑板腺功能障碍型干眼研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)是多种睑板腺异常的总称,睑板腺分泌睑酯濡润眼表,维持泪膜稳定,当睑板腺功能发生异常时,泪膜稳定性失衡,可引发干眼。本文通过查阅相关文献,对睑板腺功能障碍病因、病理及相关治疗进行综述。     

睑板腺功能障碍发病机制的研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性的睑板腺病变,通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞或分泌的睑脂数量或质量发生改变为特征,临床上可以引起泪膜异常、角膜上皮损害、眼部刺激等干眼表现。MGD病因复杂且受多种因素影响,因此MGD发病机制的研究对于指导临床工作至关重要。本文对研究MGD的动物模型进行了介绍,并根据一些基础研究对MGD相关的细胞及分子机制等方面进行综述。     

《强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍及其相关干眼专家共识(2022年)》解读：强脉冲光疗法诊疗的规范之路

近年来，强脉冲光(IPL)疗法作为一种治疗睑板腺功能障碍及其相关干眼的物理疗法备受瞩目。基于宽谱非相干光光热效应的IPL可有效改善睑板腺和眼表微环境，降低炎性因子水平，从而减轻干眼症状和体征。然而，目前IPL的临床应用缺乏标准化规范化指导意见。因此，干眼IPL临床应用专家共识专家组制定了《强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍及其相关干眼专家共识(2022年)》。本文旨在深入解读该共识，全面探讨IPL的优势、疗效和前景，规范和深化IPL在干眼治疗中的应用，为干眼患者提供更多治疗选择，改善患者的生活质量。     

本期导读

本期以角膜及眼表疾病的诊治为主要报道内容,特别刊出了"睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)"研究专题征文活动中的部分获奖论文。随着人们对干眼认识的提高,睑缘炎、MGD作为干眼的重要因素正逐渐被临床医生所认识和重视。邓世靖等的论著对84例睑缘炎患者的睑缘炎类型、相关角膜病变特点、范围及其睑板腺功能进行观察,     

126例干眼病因分析

目的 分析干眼的病因,为干眼症的诊断提供重要依据.方法 回顾126例干眼病例的临床资料,对干眼的症状、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌、角膜荧光素染色、睑板腺功能检查、裂隙灯检查及眼表损害等进行分析.结果 126例患者中泪膜破裂时间均异常(100％),泪液分泌试验低于正常83例(65.87％),角膜荧光染色异常者13例(10.32％),睑板腺开口阻塞30例(23.81％).结论 干眼症状与多种因素有关,了解干眼相关因素积极寻找干眼症的病因,为临床诊断提供主要依据,减少误诊的发生.     

过敏性结膜炎相关性干眼的发病机制

过敏性结膜炎是临床常见的眼表疾病, 也是引发或加重干眼的重要危险因素之一。过敏性结膜炎和干眼相互促进, 互为因果。前者可通过损害眼表上皮屏障、引起泪膜不稳定、睑板腺功能障碍及眼睑刷上皮病变等机制诱发或加重干眼。同时, 干眼可因泪液量(相对)不足、眼表上皮屏障受损及神经源性炎性反应等促进并加重眼部过敏。此外, 眼表菌群失调和焦虑抑郁等精神障碍也是两者并存或相互转化的桥梁。(国际眼科纵览, 2023,47:186-191)     

抗生素治疗睑板腺功能障碍的研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)是一种以睑板腺终末导管阻塞和(或)睑酯分泌的质或量异常为主要特征的慢性、弥漫性睑板腺病变,是引起蒸发过强型干眼的主要原因,也是十分常见的眼表疾病。MGD可引起眼表睑酯异常和细菌增殖,进而引起相关眼表体征和症状。临床上,常采用局部物理、药物和全身药物等方式治疗MGD。抗生素作为一种有效的杀菌药物,通过局部或全身使用抗生素,可以抑制眼表细菌增殖,调节眼表睑酯异常和菌群微环境,进而缓解与改善MGD的体征与症状。目前,不同种类抗生素治疗MGD的有效性已经得到证实,本文从局部或全身使用抗生素的角度出发,对各类抗生素治疗MGD的机制、方式方法和疗效等方面进行综述,为临床治疗MGD提供新的治疗参考。     

强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的临床观察

目的:观察强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年11月至2020年11月在河南省职工医院就诊的睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼58例(116眼)的临床资料,患者均接受强脉冲光治疗,每周1次,共3次,分别在治疗前和治疗后1周、2周、6周进行干眼评估。结果:治疗后6周,干眼问卷评分由治疗前(30.60±...     

睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的治疗

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfuction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性睑板腺异常,它通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和(或)睑板腺分泌物质或量改变为特征,睑板腺阻塞是MGD最常见的原因,而MGD是蒸发过强性干眼最主要的病因,近年来随着MGD所致及干眼症的发病率提高,也受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注,虽然国际上对MGD的治疗等尚无统一标准,但现比较认可的治疗方法主要是去除病因、局部和全身治疗,包括物理治疗、药物治疗、人工泪液替代疗法、营养支持治疗、激素治疗、中医治疗等,本文主要就近年来国内外关于MGD所致干眼症的治疗做一综述。     

水液缺乏型干眼和混合型干眼患者睑板腺形态及功能差异

目的　探讨水液缺乏型干眼和混合型干眼患者睑板腺形态及功能差异。方法　选取四川大学华西医院2018年9月至12月眼科门诊收治的干眼患者67例（67眼）,其中水液缺乏型干眼患者32例32眼（水液缺乏型组）,混合型干眼患者35例35眼（混合型组）。分别统计两组患者眼表疾病指数问卷调查表得分,采用LipiViewⅡ眼表面干涉仪测量患者泪膜脂质层厚度、不完全瞬目比例,拍摄并记录两组患者上、下睑睑板腺缺失率（MGDR）,并进行睑板腺缺失严重程度的评估,检测或记录患者泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色（FL）评分、泪液分泌试验。结果　水液缺乏型组和混合型组患者眼表疾病指数评分分别为（26.59±17.16）分和（29.31±15.77）分,差异无统计学意义（t=0.676,P=0.501）。水液缺乏型组患者上睑MGDR和FL评分均高于混合型组患者,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;两组患者泪膜脂质层厚度、不完全瞬目比例、下睑MGDR、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验结果相比,差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。水液缺乏型组患者上睑睑板腺缺失严重程度分级较混合型组增高（P<0.05）,下睑睑板腺缺失严重程度分级两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。水液缺乏型组患者上、下睑MGDR与FL评分均无相关性（r=0.281,P=0.119;r=0.012,P=0.947）。混合型组上睑MGDR与FL评分呈正相关性（r=0.399,P=0.018）,下睑MGDR与FL评分无相关性（r=0.077,P=0.660）。结论　水液缺乏型干眼患者存在睑板腺缺失和萎缩,较混合型干眼患者上睑睑板腺萎缩更严重,角膜损伤更加明显。     

Inflammation and dry eye disease—where are we?

The presence of inflammation in dry eye disease (DED) results in increased patient symptomatology, ocular surface damage and worsening tear dysfunction. It also affects the health of meibomian glands and their secretions which further aggravates ocular surface disease. This article reviews current knowledge regarding ocular surface inflammation in DED and explores the relationships between the vicious cycles of DED, inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The clinical evaluation of eyes with such changes, markers that identify the presence of inflammation on the ocular surface and current treatment options are discussed.     

Transgenic dry eye mouse models: powerful tools to study dry eye disease

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common chronic multifactorial ocular surface diseases with high prevalence and complex pathogenesis. DED results in several ocular discomforts, vision fluctuation, and even potential damage of the ocular surface, bringing heavy burdens both on individuals and the society. The pathology of DED consists of tear film hyperosmolarity and immune responses on the ocular surface. Mice are widely used for developing models that simulate human DED features for investigating its pathogenesis and treatment. DED can be classified into aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE). ADDE can be further divided into Sjögren syndrome dry eye (SSDE) and non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye (NSSDE). SSDE mouse models include natural strains, typified by non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, and genetically engineered ones, like Aire-/- and Id3 knockout mice. Intrinsic EDE mainly refers to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Eda-/- Tabby, Sod1-/-, Elovl1-/- are the most common transgenic MGD mouse models. Transgenic mouse models provide useful tools for studying the pathogenesis of DED and evaluating its novel therapies. This review compares the major transgenic dry eye mouse models and discusses their applications in DED research.     

睑板腺功能障碍患者的视觉质量分析

目的 运用双通道视觉质量分析仪(optical quality analysis system,OQAS-Ⅱ)观察睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian glanddysfunction,MGD)患者的视觉质量,为其临床应用提供依据.方法 50例(50眼)MGD患者按照是否伴随干眼症状分为MGD干眼组(22眼)和MGD非干眼组(28眼),同时选取25名(25眼)健康志愿者为对照组.利用OQAS-Ⅱ检测并比较3组受试者自然状态下的视觉质量:调制传递函数截止频率(modulation transfer function cutoff,MTF cutoff)、斯特列尔比值(Strehl ratio,SR)、客观散射指数(objectivescattering index,OsI).所有受试对象均行睑板腺相关检查(睑缘形态评分、睑板腺挤压评分、睑板腺分泌物性状评分)和泪液相关检查.对3组受试对象的测量结果进行比较,同时检测指标间的相关性.结果 3组受试对象的MTF cutoff、SR、OSI差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).MGD非干眼组的MTF cutoff和SR分别为(31.36±1.83)e· deg-1和0.21 +0.02,均较对照组的(35.87±1.59)c·deg-1和0.23±0.03显著降低,OSI为0.57±0.06,较对照组的0.45±0.06显著提高(均为P＜0.05);MGD干眼组的MTF cutoff和SR分别为(27.87±3.08)c·deg-1和0.16±0.02,均较MGD非干眼组显著降低,OSI为0.72±0.10,较MGD非干眼组显著提高(均为P＜0.05).MGD患者的OSI、MTF cutoff、SR与泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌量、睑板腺相关检查数据间均无相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论 OQAS-Ⅱ检测发现MGD患者的视觉质量参数发生变化,且MGD干眼患者较MGD非干眼患者变化更明显.MGD非干眼患者视觉质量的下降应当引起临床医师的重视.     

Emerging strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: Proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common and chronic disorder that has a significant adverse impact on patients' quality of life. It is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED), as meibomian glands play an important role in providing lipids to the tear film, which helps to retard the evaporation of tears from the ocular surface. MGD is also often present in conjunction with primary aqueous-deficient DED. Obstructive MGD, the most commonly observed type of MGD, is the main focus of this article. MGD is probably caused by a combination of separate conditions: primary obstructive hyperkeratinization of the meibomian gland, abnormal meibomian gland secretion, eyelid inflammation, corneal inflammation and damage, microbiological changes, and DED. Furthermore, skin diseases such as rosacea may play a part in its pathology. Accurate diagnosis is challenging, as it is difficult to differentiate between ocular surface diseases, but is crucial when choosing treatment options. Ocular imaging has advanced in recent years, providing ophthalmologists with a better understanding of ocular diseases. This review presents a literature update on the 2011 MGD workshop and an optimized approach to accurate diagnosis of MGD using currently available methods and tests. It also outlines the emerging technologies of interferometry, non-contact meibography, keratography and in vivo confocal laser microscopy, which offer exciting possibilities for the future. Selected treatment options for MGD are also discussed.     

Intravitreally injected ranibizumab versus photodynamic therapy for CNV secondary to choroidal osteoma: a 7-year follow-up case report

Meibomian gland, the largest sebaceous gland of the body, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid layer of the tear film to prevent excessive evaporation. The loss of normal functions of meibomian gland, known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a chronic disease and is the leading cause of dry eye symptoms in the clinics. Studies have found sex hormones, especially androgen, play vital roles in the regulation of the functions of meibomian gland. Recently, androgen has also been preliminarily applied in clinics for the treatment of MGD and showed promising results, especially in people with endogenous androgen deficiency. This review summarized the mechanisms of the function of androgen on meibomian gland based on molecular, animal, and clinical studies, and propose evidence-based views about its potential applications for the treatment of MGD.     

强脉冲光缓解蒸发过强型干眼症的机制探究

干眼症(dry eye disease,DED)与近眼睑处的皮肤炎症性疾病(如眼红斑痤疮等)存在密切联系。目前,强脉冲光(intense pulsed light, IPL)是红斑痤疮的主要治疗手段之一。近期研究发现睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)患者在接受IPL治疗时干眼的症状和体征有所缓解,但其具体机制尚未明确。本文综述IPL缓解干眼的可能机制,并讨论其合理性。     

局部应用地塞米松治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的疗效观察

目的  比较单纯应用抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）相关性干眼的临床效果。设计  前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象  2012年5月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科中心诊断为MGD相关性干眼患者42例（84眼）。方法  随机选择其中22例（44眼）为试验组,应用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷;20例（40眼）为对照组应用妥布霉素眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷。于治疗前和治疗后1、2和4周观察睑板腺功能及其干眼相关检测指标的变化及症状改善情况。主要指标 睑板腺功能方面：裂隙灯显微镜下评价眼睑睑缘变化,睑板腺开口的变化,睑板腺分泌物性状评分,睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分;干眼方面： Schirmer I试验（SIt）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角膜荧光素染色（CFS）情况及症状评分。结果  治疗前,试验组和对照组在年龄、MGD病程、MGD体征和干眼体征等各项指标均无统计学差异（P均>0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后1、2、4周,实验组和对照组的分泌物性状评分、睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分和症状评分均明显降低,TBUT均明显增加（P均<0.05）。两组的CFS评分在治疗后2、4周比治疗前均明显降低（P均<0.05）。治疗后1、2周时,与对照组相比,试验组的睑板腺分泌物性状评分和睑板腺挤压试验评分明显较低,而在治疗后各时间点TBUT值明显较高（P均<0.05）。结论  单纯抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗对MGD相关性干眼均有疗效,但后者在改善症状及体征方面效果更优。     

Intraductal meibomian gland probing and its efficacy in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, affecting millions worldwide. Intraductal meibomian gland probing (MGP) aims to open obstructed meibomian glands using a small probe to promote meibum secretion. MGP has received increasing interest since 2010, and we critically evaluated the literature on the efficacy and safety of MGP. Despite positive results of MGP on dry eye symptoms in early single-group studies, MGP was not shown to consistently outperform controls in later controlled trials. Furthermore, MGP alone did not show improvement beyond placebo in the only placebo-controlled RCT conducted. Overall, the procedure appears safe. Self-limited intraoperative bleeding was frequent, but no major complications were reported. In conclusion, MGP has not yet been shown to be an effective treatment for MGD. Larger placebo-controlled trials need to be conducted to establish the potential effect of this novel treatment modality.     

参麦润目组方超声雾化治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的疗效

目的：探讨参麦润目组方超声雾化治疗睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)相关性干眼的临床效果。

方法：收集120例MGD相关性干眼患者,随机分为2组：治疗组(参麦润目组方超声雾化)与对照组(OPT强脉冲光疗)各60例,两组均联合睑板腺按摩。采用眼表综合分析仪检测各项指标：非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(NITBUTav)、下泪河高度(LTMH)、睑板腺评分等,对患者眼部的主观症状以问卷调查进行评分,将所得临床数据进行统计学处理。

结果：治疗组与对照组的治疗前性别、年龄、病程及治疗开始至结束后6mo的各项检测指标无差异(P>0.05); 治疗组总有效率94.9%,对照组96.6%(P>0.05)。

结论：参麦润目组方超声雾化联合睑板腺按摩可改善MGD相关性干眼患者的主观症状及客观指标。该治疗方法与现代医学治疗方法疗效基本等同,安全并且有效,但更为便捷、经济。