TRENDS IN EXERCISE PREVALENCE IN AUSTRALIA

The measurement of physical activity is an important issue in health promotion and Public Health campaigns in Australia. This paper examines six community-based national surveys since 1980, each estimating the prevalence of physical activity. These surveys show an apparent increase in the number of highly active Australians. However, the issue of reliable and valid physical activity measures has not been adequately addressed. The different measures used generated different estimates of activity prevalence. Serial surveys in 1985 and 1986, when adjusted for differential measurement error, failed to demonstrate an increase in the number of active Australians. Consistent and validated measurement of physical activity patterns is necessary before public health and preventive programs are developed in this area.     

BYSSINOSIS IN COTTON GINNERIES IN GREECE

The prevalence of byssinosis in a sample of cotton ginnery workers in Greece was investigated. The respiratory symptoms, F.E.V._1·0, and V.C. of 70 male ginnery workers were recorded. No case of clinical byssinosis was found, but a statistically significant relationship exists between years of exposure to cotton dust and impairment of lung function. On the contrary no significant relationship exists between smoking and lung function, or between sputum production and lung function. The findings suggest the hypothesis that the cotton dust may exert, in the case of a prolonged exposure, a chronic deleterious action without producing the typical symptoms of clinical byssinosis.     

学生堕胎:拷问中国式性教育

随着生活水平和社会开放程度的不断提高,现在的青少年"成熟"得越来越早.相比父辈所受到的传统观念的影响,他们更多接触到的是新事物、新文化的冲击.在校园里,异性的交往和接触日显活跃.与此同时,一些书报、网络和影视中司空见惯的亲吻、搂抱的刺激镜头,无形中助长了青少年对性这个"神秘世界"的好奇心和"探索"欲.     

学生堕胎：拷问中国式性教育

当年幼的孩子步入青春期，就意味着打开了人生的另一扇大门，虽然眼中的世界依旧精彩．但是他们已经学会思考。伊甸园里那个能辨识善恶的苹果，想是这个时候被偷食的．不然亚当、夏娃吃后怎么会因彼此衣不遮体而顿感羞涩。同懵懂的孩童相比他们显然有了较强的性别意识．然而正是这种性别意识让处在青春期的青少年被置于一个尴尬的境地。事实上尽管他们兼具儿童和成年人的某些特点，但他们既不是儿童．也不是成年人，而是经历着人生从生理、心理和社会性全面走向成熟的重要阶段。[编按]     

山东省1995年脊髓灰质炎监测报告

自１９９１年４月以来，通过对报告的急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例和病人接触者的粪便标本检测，山东省未发现脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒。自１９９２年开始引用世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）的诊断标准，每年均有一定数量的临床确诊脊灰病例。ＷＨＯ提出，分离到野病毒作为唯一的确诊依据，在消灭脊灰后期很有必要。卫生部提出，在ＷＨＯ推荐标准基础上结合专家组诊断意见，能保证临床符合病例具有较高特异性。山东省所有确诊脊灰病例均由专家组诊断，对专家组诊断的临床脊灰病例仍应引起高度重视，以便综合分析是否有野病毒引起的可能。１５岁以下儿童非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例报告发病率已连续３年达到１／１０万的指标，ＡＦＰ病例的粪便标本采集率达到８０．２％，与医院的及时报告率提高有密切关系。受病例麻痹到就诊的时间间隔和其它客观因素的影响，麻痹两周内采集到合格粪便标本的期望比例为９３．５％，市、县两级医院能否及时报告和采便是提高监测系统敏感性和质量的关键。报告ＡＦＰ病例中经省专家组诊查剔除非ＡＦＰ病例１９１例，占报告病例的３１．２％。在强调监测敏感性的同时，也应注意提高监测工作的特异性，以全面提高监测工作的质量。     

INTERVENTION IN TYPE II DISEASE IN CHILDREN

Cholestyramine therapy reduces blood cholesterol in children with elevated cholesterol. When taken regularly for more than two years, the drug produces folic acid deficiency and reduces blood levels of phosphorus and vitamins A and E.     

IRON DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN IN SAUDI ARABIA

A diet of low iron content it associated with a high prevalence of ion deficiency anemia in children in Saudi Arabia; and the success of treatment of such anemia with oral iron preparations varies with several factors.     

FORTHCOMING IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN HEALTH CARE

No abstract available for this article.     

加强医院物价管理的体会

随着医院市场化步阀的加快,人民群众维权意识的加强,医患关系日趋紧张,"看病难、看病贵"的呼声一时鹊起。为了缓和医患矛盾、促进医患和谐,如何加强医院物价管理不单是患者与主管部门的要求,也是医院加强自身管理与制度建设的重点工作之一。     

呼和浩特市1992年正常人群麻疹抗体水平分析

１９９２年夏，在呼和浩特市所辖６个旗（县、区）随机采集３８４名２～３９岁正常人的血标本，检测麻疹血凝抑制（ＨＩ）抗体。结果阳性 ３７６人，阳性率为 ９７．９２％。几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）为 １：１８．４５。经统计学处理，各年龄组之间、男女之间、城乡之间的抗体阳性率和ＧＭＴ均无显著性差异；不同地区之间在抗体阳性率上无显著性差异，但ＧＭＴ却有显著性差异．从本次结果看，本市近期内不会有麻疹流行。     

重庆市2004年流感监测

目的：了解重庆市流感活动状况,为制定流感防治策略提供依据.方法：通过全国流感监测网络,收集重庆市2004年的流感或流感样病例资料,对流行病学、病原学以及流感暴发疫情监测结果进行分析.结果：2004年我市两所流感监测医院流感样病例就诊总百分比13.50%,出现4月和10月两个明显的发病高峰.流感病毒总分离率19.22%,出现5月、10月和次年3月3个病毒分离高峰.病原学监测8月前H3N2型为优势毒株,8月后B型为优势毒株,直至次年3月又以H3N2型为主.15岁以下人群病例最多,占流感样病例的89.24%.全年暴发流感疫情32起,中小学发病31起,H3N2型为暴发疫情的优势毒株.结论：我市流感可能存在春季和秋季两个季节高峰,15岁以下人群为流感高危人群,病原学监测发现8月前后出现毒株类型变化,值得关注.     

江苏省1996年脊髓灰质炎监测工作状况分析

江苏省１９９１年建立起急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例监测系统，１９９６年各项监测指标达到或基本达到消灭脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）工作的要求。１９９６年共报告ＡＦＰ病例１９１例，其中临床诊断脊灰３例，１５岁以下儿童非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例报告发病率以市为单位均已达到１／１０万。我省已连续４年未发现由脊灰野病毒引起的麻痹病例，标志着我省已进入消灭脊灰后期关键阶段     

医院岗前培训工作体会

面对当前医院发展的新形势和新特点,每年都会有大批医学院校毕业生进入医院,为使每一个入院的新职工顺利完成从单纯的校园生活到社会生活的转变,完成从单纯的学生到合格医务工作者的转变,完成从拥有文凭到拥有能力的转变,树立职业理想,尽快进入角色,对新职工进行岗前教育培训,已成为医院人力资源管理的一项常规工作。它是医院人才培养的第一步,也是作为加强医院人才队伍     

MULTIPLE DIETARY FACTORS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PIGEONS

Atherosclerosis susceptible pigeons were used to determine the possible existence of an interrelationship between the occurrence of atherosclerosis and the intake of fat, protein, and cholesterol.     

EVALUATING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN AUSTRALIA

Following a summary background to the research, development and diffusion of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and related technologies in Australia from 1971 to 1989, two arguments are developed. The first is that what evaluations have so far been done of the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of the techniques used in this country have revealed worrying results. The second suggests that the existing methodologies of technology assessment and ethical control of human experimentation are themselves too limited to meet the recent goal, adopted by the 1988 Australian Health Ministers' Conference, of reducing inequities in health. The discussion offers suggestions for a more comprehensive methodology for the technical, ethical and social evaluation of these (and other) medical and health technologies, derived from recent social science research.     

PROPIONATE UTILIZATION IN GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS IN SHEEP

Of the projsonate produerd in the rumen, 52 per cent is utilized in glucose synthsis after firnt being eomrerted to lactnte. About 54 per cent of both the gloucose and lactate synthesised originaltes from propiomate carbon.     

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN NIACIN COMPOUNDS IN CORN

Available niacin, as NAD, declines dramatically as grain matures. Thus sweet corn, harvested in immature stages, has more NAD than field corn, which is harvested at the mature stage.     

邯郸市近两年水产品中副溶血性弧菌带菌调查

[目的]总结近两年邯郸市饭店、超市水产品中副溶血性弧菌的基本情况,为国家食源性疾病监测网提供数据. [方法]以国标方法为基础,采用先进的进口显色培养基和国际金方法-API生化反应板. [结果]2005年水产品中副溶血弧菌的检出率为50%,2006年为47.6%,平均为48.4%,动物性水产品的带菌率在各类样品中最高.副溶血弧茵对常用抗菌药物已经产生耐药性. [结论]水产品中副溶血性弧茵的带菌率很高,存在发生食物中毒等突发性公共卫生事件的危险较大.必须加强食品卫生的法律法规建设和监督管理,食物中毒的治疗应合理用药.