浅析医学院校图书馆学科馆员的服务定位

本文首先分析了医学院校图书馆学科馆员开展信息服务的现实意义及现状,随后提出了网络时代对医学学科馆员的新要求,以期为建立建全医学院校图书馆学科馆员制度提供参考.     

关于医院图书馆实施学科馆员制度的思考

在论述了医院图书馆建立学科馆员制度必要性的基础上,对医院图书馆如何开展学科馆员制度建设提出了一些合理的建议.     

论医院图书馆如何引进和完善学科馆员制度

介绍了学科馆员制度的建立和发展,论述了医院图书馆引进学科馆员制度的意义及完善措施     

建立医学院校图书馆学科馆员初探

分析了医学图书馆学科馆员制度建立的必要性,剖析了这一制度建设的现状,并提出了几点建立和发展学科馆员制度的设想。     

数字化医院与图书馆学科馆员建设

数字化医院建设是当前医院发展的热点，数字图书馆是数字化医院的重要组成部分，医院图书馆引进学科馆员制度，是数字化医院发展的必然产物。文章对数字化医院建设的策略、网络环境下医院图书馆建立学科馆员制度的必要性以及学科馆员的服务内容诸方面进行了阐述。     

医学图书馆设立学科馆员的必要性与发展策略

随着新医改方案的公布,医疗卫生行业即将迎来新的改革热潮.作为医疗卫生信息前沿的医学图书馆应适时设立学科馆员,来辅助卫生决策人员和医务工作者做好政策制定和科学研究工作.本文通过探讨医学图书馆设立学科馆员的必要性和方法,以及学科馆员如何辅助服务对象做好科研工作提出了一些见解.     

医院图书馆实施学科馆员制度新探

针对我国医院图书馆现状及制约医院图书馆发展因素提出实施图书馆学科馆员制度,阐述了医院图书馆如何实施学科馆员制度才能使图书馆走出发展瓶颈的方法.     

医学图书馆设立学科馆员的必要性与发展策略

随着新医改方案的公布,医疗卫生行业即将迎来新的改革热潮。作为医疗卫生信息前沿的医学图书馆应适时设立学科馆员,来辅助卫生决策人员和医务工作者做好政策制定和科学研究工作。本文通过探讨医学图书馆设立学科馆员的必要性和方法 ,以及学科馆员如何辅助服务对象做好科研工作提出了一些见解。     

普通高校图书馆实施学科馆员制度初探

学科馆员制度是高校图书馆深化信息服务的一种新形式,国内许多重点院校图书馆已相继推出此项服务,本文结合本馆实践,探讨了普通高校图书馆开展学科馆员工作的实施策略。     

高校图书馆文献采访的新思路

本文阐述了建立面向学科的学科采访馆员制度的必要性，指出学科采访馆员制度有利于确保藏书的系统性、完整性，所购买文献更符合教学、科研需要，减少不同载体文献内容的重复以及馆藏文献具有一定的超前性。     

The influence of PGE1 and db-cAMP on permeability of lysosomal membranes of rat lymphocytes in the in vitro histamine test.

An attempt was made to develop as in vitro model of inflammation which would allow the study of the inflammatory process on the subcellular level and on the influence of PGE1 and db-cAMP on permeability of lysosomal membranes of liver lymphocytes. The results showed that the in vitro histamine test permits evaluation of early changes in the lysosomal membranes. Drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid, hydrocortisone, as well as PGE1 and db-cAMP exerted a stabilizing influence on the lysosomal membranes of rat lymphocytes.     

Anti-cancer immune response mechanisms in neoadjuvant and targeted therapy

Several studies suggest that the progression of malignant tumors as well as the response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy is critically dependent on the immunological parameters that are derived from the host immune system as well as a modulation of the immune system by therapeutic antibodies. It has been shown for many tumor types that the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in different types of cancers is a positive factor for clinical outcome and that the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increased in a tumor with a prominent pretherapeutic infiltrate. Furthermore, new targeted therapies in breast cancer, such as trastuzumab, as well as in hematological malignancies, such as rituximab and alemtuzumab, have been shown to interact with immunological pathways, and this interaction is critical for response and clinical outcome. In neoplasms of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues, targeted therapies not only reduce toxic effects on normal tissues but also lead to modulations of the immune system depending on the target molecule, its physiological function and cellular distribution. This review gives an overview on clinical data on response to classical chemotherapy as well as molecular targeted therapy and its interaction with the immune system.     

Polymeric membranes for hybrid liver support devices: The effect of membrane surface wettability on hepatocyte viability and functions

Extracorporeal therapies based on membrane hybrid liver support devices using primary hepatocytes are an interesting approach to the treatment of acute hepatic failure. In such devices, semipermeable polymeric membranes are effectively used as immunoselective barriers between a patient's blood and the xenocytes in order to prevent the immune rejection of the graft. The membranes may act also as the substratum for cell adhesion, thus favouring the viability and functions of anchorage-dependent cells such as the hepatocytes. Membrane cytocompatibility is expected to depend on the surface properties of the polymer, such as its morphology and its physico-chemical properties. In this paper, we report our investigation on the effect of the surface wettability of membranes on hepatocyte viability and functions. Polypropylene microporous membranes were modified to increase their surface wettability and were used as substrata for rat hepatocyte adhesion culture. Isolated hepatocytes were also cultured on collagen as a reference substratum. Hepatocyte viability generally improved as the cells were cultured on more wettable membranes. In agreement with the viability data, the increasing wettability of the membrane surface also improved some metabolic functions.     

Attachment theory and John Bowlby: some reflections

The 100th anniversary of Edward John Mostyn Bowlby's birth (February 26th, 1907) was celebrated at the Tavistock Clinic in London by his family and colleagues, with presentations of ongoing research as well as reflections on both the person and his theory. My own reflections include the influence of ethological thinking on the development of attachment theory, Bowlby's focus on observations followed by explanation, his appreciation of emotional communication as well as behavior, and his recognition of the role of the family as well as the child/caregiver dyad. While always remaining open to new avenues of research, John Bowlby was firmly insistent on the precise use of attachment terminology, and quite rightly too!     

Cytotoxicity analysis of a novel titanium alloy in vitro: adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts

A recently developed novel Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (Ti-Ta) was investigated physically and chemically, and the results suggested it to be a possibly suitable dental material. In this study we analyzed the effects of the alloy, in comparison with those of other dental metals, on the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (Gin-1 cells) in vitro. The Gin-1 cells adhered and spread well on the Ti-Ta as well as on commercially pure titanium (Ti) and commercial Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy (Ti-Al), forming long processes showing a typical fibroblastic morphology that was close to that on glass. The proliferation of Gin-1 cells was significantly suppressed on Au-Pd-Ag alloy (Au-Pd) and commercially pure copper (Cu); however, the cells proliferated as well on Ti-Ta as they did on Ti, Ti-Al, and glass. Though most of the Gin-1 cells on Cu and about half of them on Au-Pd died after 1 day and 5 days of culture, respectively, the cells on Ti-Ta, Ti, Ti-Al and glass showed 100% viability even after 5 days of culture. These results suggest that the newly developed Ti-Ta alloy has biocompatibility as good as that of Ti and Ti-Al with respect to morphology and proliferation of Gin-1 cells in vitro.     

Suppression of in vitro Parameters of the Cell-mediated Immunity by Human Alpha-1-fetoprotein

A possible immunoregulatory role of human alpha-1-fetoprotein (HAFP) was investigated, since in contrast to mouse AFP such function has been denied for HAFP. HAFP enriched fractions as well as pure HAFP were obtained by means of two different procedures. After passage of HAFP containing ascites of patients with primary liver carcinoma on an anti-HAFP immunosorbent column, the retained proteins were eluted first by a glycine-NaOH-buffer (HAFP 1) and second by NaSCN (HAFP II). HAFP was further purified by passage of the HAFP containing fractions on an anti-whole human serum immunosorbent column, which resulted in semipurified HAFP I and II. Pure HAFP was obtained by recycling on the anti-whole-human serum immunosorbent column as well as by final Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. At concentrations of 150–200 μg/ml, only HAFP I, semipurified as well as pure, exerted consistently a profound suppressive effect on the mixed leukocyte reaction as well as on the Concanavalin A induced lymphocyte proliferation, while it usually failed to do so in PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures. At concentrations which were immunosuppressive, pure HAFP I showed no influence on the proportion of E-rosetting lymphocytes. HAFP II did not exert comparable immunoregulatory effects.     

Persistence of Escherichia coli O157 isolates on bovine farms in England and Wales

We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on Escherichia coli O157 isolates (n = 318) from 199 healthy animals in a longitudinal study carried out on nine farms. Investigation of the restriction types proved that at the farm level, the same clones can be detected on sampling occasions separated by as much as 17 months. The cohort animals were repeatedly sampled, and for some of these, the same clones were obtained on sampling occasions separated by as much as 8 months.     

Klotho: a novel regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

Klotho which was originally identified as an anti-aging protein is emerging as a substance with multiple effects on many systems including mineral homeostasis. In addition to its membrane-bound function as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor-23, soluble Klotho exerts effects as a circulating substance in plasma and urine. Novel features of this system include its autocrine–paracrine–endocrine glycan-modifying enzymatic function in the urinary lumen on calcium and phosphate transporters. Klotho induces phosphaturia by inhibiting the proximal tubule Na-coupled phosphate transporter. The action of Klotho is enzymatic in nature which includes alteration of transport activity and the more traditional means of regulation by trafficking. Klotho reduces calciuria by its distal as a sialidase directly on the apical calcium channel. Desialidation of the channel exposes glycan residues that promote binding to galectin-1, resulting in stabilization of residence on the plasma membrane. Through its systematic as well as renal actions, Klotho is emerging as a principal calciophosphoregulatory hormone.     

Preparation,characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of chitosan hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles

Hydrogels, chitosan as well as silver nanoparticles become in recent years materials characterized by a great interest. In present paper hydrogel based on chitosan and containing mentioned type of nano-sized particles have been synthesized by means of photopolymerization. Sorption capacity in selected liquids as well as behavior in simulated body fluid (such as Ringer’s liquid) have been determined. Particularly attention was paid to the studies on toxicity of the hydrogels in relation to the epidermal cells as well as on their impact on growth of selected strain of bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, impact of introduction of nanosilver into hydrogel matrix on its properties has also been defined. Surface morphology of attained hydrogels by means of SEM analysis and chemical structure using spectroscopy have been checked. The most interesting conclusion is the fact that proposed chitosan based hydrogels modified with nanosilver do not affect negatively on epidermal cells. However, they inhibit a growth of E. coli. These two observations make them very interesting from the medical point of view.     

Fibre-optical sensor based on fluorescent indicator for monitoring physiological pH values

A fibre-optical sensor has been developed based on the fluoresecent indicator 8-hydroxyl-1,3,6-pyrene trisulphonic acid trisodium salt (HOPSA) for monitoring physiological pH values. Dowex-1 strongly basic anion exchange resin is used as the medium to immobilise the indicator on the end of an optical fibre. Polyurethane is coated on the sensor as the permeable membrane for H⁺. The properties of HOPSA in solution, as well as when immobilised on the sensor, are studied and found to have the potential for monitoring physiological pH values.