有限内固定结合外固定架治疗地震伤员四肢开放性骨折的护理

2008年5月12日14时28分，以四川省汶川县为震中发生3里氏8.0级地震，受灾面积广泛、造成人员伤亡数量多。从2008年5月12日～6月12日，我院累计接诊地震伤患者2587例，收治住院1124例，死亡15例，骨科住院732例，手术319例。这些受伤患者中有大量的四肢开放性骨折伤员，我们对其中的27例四肢开放性骨折的地震伤员，早期采用有限内固定结合单臂外固定架治疗，术后采取有效的护理措施，取得了良好的效果。     

外固定架结合持续负压封闭引流治疗芦山地震胫骨远端开放性骨折

目的 探讨外固定架联合负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)在地震伤员胫骨远端开放性骨折早期治疗的临床价值. 方法 早期采用外固定架联合VSD负压吸引术治疗芦山地震中的严重胫骨远端开放性骨折伴软组织缺损伤员22例,其中男9例,女13例;年龄25 ～ 85岁,平均42.6岁.致伤原因:重物砸伤19例,高处坠落伤3例.按照Gustilo分型,Ⅱ型4例,ⅢA型6例,ⅢB型10例,ⅢC型2例. 结果 9例行局部植皮术,11例行皮瓣转移术,2例行截肢手术;17例外固定架固定3周内转化为内固定治疗. 结论 采用外固定架联合VSD治疗伴软组织缺损的胫骨远端开放性骨折,在迅速稳定骨折、保护局部软组织的同时,通过持续VSD负压吸引装置可以封闭创腔,降低局部感染,刺激创面产生大量新鲜肉芽组织覆盖骨面,为创面植皮或局部皮瓣转移争取时机,为最终外固定转换为内固定治疗、促进伤员肢体功能恢复提供了有利条件.     

外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折

目的：应用外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折，并评估其疗效。方法：2005年2月-2008年3月采用单边超踝关节T型外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折22例（Ruedi-Allgower分型）患者。外固定支架远端螺钉固定于跟骨，近端螺钉固定于胫骨骨折近端，根据伤口软组织情况在术后2～3w开始每2w踝关节屈伸活动15min，让关节得到锻炼。结果：22例患者全部获得随访10～18个月，平均13个月。临床效果满意，无切口、伤口及钉道感染，无神经、血管损伤、骨不连等并发症。根据Teeny等踝关节功能评分系统进行评分，本组22例，良18例，可3例，差1例，优良率为81．8％。结论：应用外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生，能更好地恢复关节面的解剖关系，有利于踝关节早期活动，避免关节僵硬，是治疗严重Pilon骨折的理想方法之一。     

有限切开复位结合前外侧L形锁定加压接骨板内固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折

目的探讨胫骨远端干骺端骨折应用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)内固定治疗的临床疗效。方法 2011年6月~2013年1月共收治15例胫骨远端干骺端骨折患者。骨折按照国际内固定研究协会(AO/ASIF)分型:43A2型3例,43A3型10例,43B1型2例,均合并腓骨下端骨折;胫骨远端干骺端骨折线距踝关节面1.6~4.5cm,平均2.8cm;闭合性骨折8例,开放性骨折7例(GustiloⅠ型2例,Ⅱ型3例,ⅢA型2例)。GustiloⅢA型2例急诊行清创、腓骨内固定及外固定支架固定,余患者术前行跟骨骨牵引。运用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形LCP内固定治疗,术中酌情植骨,术后早期功能锻炼。结果所有患者术后获12~18个月(平均16个月)随访,术后2例切口表皮坏死,经换药处理后愈合,余切口均一期愈合。骨折于术后16~24周(平均20周)获骨性愈合。末次随访时根据美国骨科协会足踝外科分会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分标准:评分为73~95分,平均89.5分,其中优10例,良3例,可2例,优良率86.7%。随访期间无感染、骨不连及内固定松动断裂等并发症发生。结论采用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形LCP内固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折,术中利用微创置板技术,并酌情植骨,术后早期功能锻炼,可获得良好疗效。     

复杂pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨超脚踝关节外周架结合有限内固定加打压植骨治疗pilonⅢ型骨折的疗效。方法2007年2月～2010年12月我科收治pilon骨折65例,按Ruedi-Allgower分型均为Ⅲ型。全部采用手术治疗,开放性骨折采用急诊清创有限内固定加超踝关节外固定治疗;闭合性骨折均待肿胀消退后,行切开复位有限固定结合超踝关节外固定加打压植骨治疗。结果本组65例均获随访,随访时间9～30个月,平均19．2个月。临床疗效按美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分：优48例,良10例,可5例,差2例,优良率89．23％。结论对复杂pilon骨折,根据骨折类型和软组织损伤程度,选择合适的手术方法和时机,干骺端缺损区充分植骨,关节面的整复以及术后早期行踝关节功能锻炼是手术成功的关键。     

重度及特重度烧伤合并四肢骨折的治疗探讨

目的探讨重度以上烧伤合并四肢骨折临床特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析本院35例重度及特重度烧伤合并四肢骨折患者临床资料,均早期抗休克同时作骨折部切开钢板内固定术或髓内钉内固定术。结果 34例烧伤创面及骨折部位愈合良好,1例发生骨髓炎,改用外固定架,经开创引流等综合处理治愈。结论重度以上烧伤病人合并四肢骨折者,最好在休克期边抗休克、边立即进行骨折内固定术。只有这样才能提高患者救治成功率。     

有限内固定结合外固定架超关节固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的　探讨使用有限内固定结合外固定架超关节固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效。方法　对我院 1997年 5月— 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,应用有限内固定结合外固定架超关节固定治疗的Pilon骨折 2 8例 ,进行评估分析。结果　 2 8例患者全部愈合 ,功能恢复好。结论　有限内固定结合外固定架超关节固定治疗Pilon骨折操作简单、安全、创伤小 ,骨折愈合率高 ,功能恢复好     

双边外固定架牵张固定治疗难治性pilon骨折

目的总结分析双边外固定架牵张治疗难治性pilon骨折的疗效。方法治疗Redi-AllgwerⅢ型pilon骨折13例,其中闭合骨折9例,开放骨折4例,采用双边外固定架牵张治疗。结果 1例创面感染,2例出现针道红肿,1例开放骨折4月后仍无明显骨痂形成,手术植骨后骨质愈合。踝关节功能:优3例,良8例,可1例,差1例。1例患者出现明显创伤性关节炎,于1年后行踝关节融合术。结论应用双边外固定架结合有限内固定牵张治疗难治性pilon骨折是一种有效的治疗方法。     

有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的回顾性研究有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗效果。方法选取笔者医院2010年11月~2015年9月采用克氏针对骨折端进行有限内固定结合外固定架治疗22例桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折,按AO/ASIF分型,C1型4例,C2型10例,C3型8例,通过术后随访检查腕关节功能恢复情况及影像学资料(桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角),评定该方法的疗效。结果本组22例患者均获随访,随访时间4~16个月,按Gartland等评分标准评定,优10例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率86.4%。结论有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折能取得较好的疗效。     

单边铰链式跨关节外固定架治疗胫骨Plafond骨折的早期疗效观察

目的观察使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架结合有限切开复位内固定技术治疗胫骨Plafond骨折的早期临床疗效,总结其使用经验. 方法我院从2001年9月至2003年9月,使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架对38例胫骨Plafond骨折患者进行复位固定.通过韧带牵拉整复作用协助恢复下肢长度、力线及一定程度的关节面复位,结合经皮间接复位或有限切开复位内固定的方法进行关节面重建,对干骺端骨缺损进行植骨填充.术后早期松开外固定架的铰链锻炼踝关节功能,并通过外固定架的轴向动力作用促进骨折愈合. 结果骨折复位质量采用Burwell和Charnley标准评价,34例优,4例一般.平均随访时间32.9周(8～96周).术后平均22.8 d(2 d～16周)松开铰链开始活动踝关节.骨折愈合时间平均18.8周(8～54周),延迟愈合3例,胫、腓骨不愈合各1例,畸形愈合1例.患侧踝关节背伸5°～35°,平均18.2°;跖屈5°～30°,平均14.7°.伤口裂开1例,无伤口感染、皮肤坏死.针道感染12例,松动9例.21例出现踝关节活动后疼痛.10例出现患侧下肢短缩. 结论使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架结合有限切开复位内固定技术治疗胫骨Plafond骨折提高了骨折愈合率,获得了良好的踝关节活动范围,有效降低了并发症发生率,近期疗效满意.     

桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折疗效观察

目的探讨桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折的疗效。方法随机选取自2013年6月至2014年12月云南省第三人民医院骨伤科收治的肱骨干骨折患者50例。根据手术方法不同进行分组,其中,桥接组患者26例,钢板组患者24例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、内固定后并发症、肩肘关节功能评分等指标,对桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折的临床疗效做出评价。结果桥接组患者在手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间等方面均优于钢板组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者住院时间及肩、肘关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现骨不连、桡神经损伤等并发症。结论桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折在临床疗效、愈合时间、并发症、肩肘关节功能恢复等方面均有显著优势。另外,桥接组合式内固定系统在操作方面较锁定钢板更为简便,结构更稳固。     

胫骨干骨折内固定与外固定疗效的比较

探索胫骨干骨折内固定和外固定的疗效。认为对稳定性胫骨干骨折,加压钢板及髓内针内固定明显优于单纯石膏外固定。     

Initial fixation strength of a hybrid technique for femoral ACL graft fixation

Aperture fixation with interference screws matching the diameter of the tunnel is associated with the risk of graft laceration and graft rotation. A hybrid fixation technique (extracortical and aperture fixation) with undersized interference screws provides a higher fixation strength when compared to an aperture fixation using only a screw matching the size of the tunnel and also reduces the risk of graft laceration. This research is an experimental laboratory study. We evaluated the initial fixation strength at time-zero of an extracortical-, a hybrid- and an aperture fixation in ACL reconstruction using extracortical buttons and different sized interference screws in porcine knees. The tests were performed using a single cycle and cyclic loading protocol. Analysis of yield load, maximum load and stiffness in the single cycle loading test showed no statistically significant differences for hybrid fixation with a 1 mm undersized screw and aperture fixation with a screw matching the size of the tunnel. Cyclic loading tests showed a statistically significant difference between hybrid and aperture fixation. The use of an undersized screw alone in aperture fixation resulted in insufficient fixation strength. The initial fixation strength of the hybrid technique with undersized screws is higher compared to an interference screw fixation alone. The hybrid fixation technique is an alternative for ACL graft fixation.     

Arthroscopy-assisted fracture fixation

Purpose  

The purpose of this article was to systematically analyze the results of published studies in the literature which evaluated the use of arthroscopically assisted techniques in intra-articular fracture fixation.     

Orthopedic fixation devices

Orthopedic fixation devices are used in the treatment of fractures, soft-tissue injuries, and reconstructive surgery. After fracture reduction, internal, external, or intramedullary fixation devices may be used to provide stability and maintain the alignment of bone fragments during the healing process. They must be strong and secure enough to allow early mobilization of the injured part, as well as the entire patient. Compression is used whenever possible to increase the contact area and the stability between fragments and to decrease the stress on the implant. Screws are used primarily to provide interfragmental compression or to attach plates, which can then provide compression, prevent displacement, and support the fragments during healing. Pins and wires can be used for fixation of small fragments or fractures in small bones and for attachment of external fixation devices and traction. A basic understanding of the devices and principles of use is needed to interpret radiographs obtained after the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.     

Proposed technique for evaluation of endotracheal tube fixation and comparison of four fixation methods

BACKGROUND: The fixation of an endotracheal tube must be rapid in conditions involving numerous casualties, such as a chemical warfare (CW) situation. The tube also should be fixed and strong to prevent unplanned extubations. METHODS: We developed a technique for the evaluation of fixation methods. This technique was used to evaluate four methods. Three commercial fixators were compared with the fixation method used today in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) and commonly used in different out-of-hospital settings. The exercises were performed on adult intubation mannequins with and without CW protective gear. The fixations were timed, and their quality was evaluated by the participants and inspectors. RESULTS: The time score for the method used today in the IDF was significantly higher compared with the commercial fixation methods. The quality scores for the Thomas fixator and the IDF method were significantly higher than for the fixators by VBM and Rusch. The CW protective gear significantly prolonged the time but did not affect the quality of the fixation. CONCLUSIONS: With this technique, a good estimation of the time and quality of fixation can be achieved.     

Analysis of initial fixation strength of press-fit fixation technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

We performed a controlled laboratory study to evaluate the initial fixation strength of press-fit technique. Forty porcine lower limbs were used and divided into four groups according to the method of fixation; group 1 (press-fit+1.4 mm), in which the diameter difference between the bone plug and the femoral tunnel was 1.4 mm; group 2 (press-fit+1.4 mm, 30 degrees), in which the diameter difference was the same with group 1, but the tensile loading axis was 30 degrees away from the long axis of the femoral tunnel; group 3 (titanium), in which a titanium interference screw was used for fixation; group 4 (bioabsorbable), in which a bioabsorbable interference screw was used for fixation. The graft in the press-fit group was harvested with a hollow oscillating saw with inner diameter of 9.4 mm to obtain consistent and completely circular shape of the bone plug. The femoral tunnel with diameter of 8 mm was drilled at the original ACL insertion. Following the bone plug insertion into the femoral tunnel and applying a preload of 20 N, the specimen underwent 500 loading cycles between 0 and 2 mm of displacement. Thereafter the specimen was loaded to failure. There was no fixation site failure during the cyclic loading test. Significant differences in the stiffness, linear load, or failure mode among the groups were not found. The average ultimate failure load of group 1 and group 2 were not significantly different from those of group 3 and group 4. The press-fit groups demonstrated sufficient fixation strength for the rehabilitation and interference screw groups. The completely circular shape of the bone plug and increased diameter difference between the bone plug and the femoral tunnel seemed to contribute to the strong fixation.     

闭合穿针内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的临床观察

对23例胫骨干骨折治疗资料进行回顾性分析,本组采用闭合穿针、普通髓内钉治疗,随访20例,骨折均完全愈合。作者认为闭合穿针内固定治疗胫骨干骨折最大限度地保护骨折处血循环。     

内固定和外固定应用于髌骨骨折固定中疗效及依从性比较

目的对临床常用的髌骨骨折内外固定方法的疗效及手术依从性进行分析,证实抓髌器外固定的临床优势。方法将我院2007年1月-2012年12月间手术治疗的128例髌骨骨折患者随机分为2组,每组研究对象64例。一组使用抓髌器外固定,为观察组;一组使用克氏针张力内固定,为对照组;治疗后对两组研究对象的骨折愈合、并发症、关节功能、患者满意率等临床数据进行比较及统计学分析。结果观察组62例、对照组58例骨折愈合良好,观察组愈合优良率（96．9％）高于对照组（90．6％）,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;在感染发生率及关节功能的比较中,观察组均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;观察组患者满意率为98．4％,均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。结论抓髌器外固定在髌骨骨折治疗中的疗效及依从性较克氏针张力内固定具有显著优势,尤其在髌骨粉碎性骨折中优势更加明显,适于临床推广使用。