冲牙器对老年牙周病患者牙菌斑和牙龈炎症的抑制作用

目的观察冲牙器对老年牙周病患者牙菌斑和牙龈炎症的抑制效果。方法64例老年牙周病患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,对照组实施全口龈上洁治术并应用巴斯刷牙法刷牙,3次／d,3rain／次;观察组在对照组治疗基础上,于每次刷牙后应用冲牙器清水冲洗全口牙齿牙间隙和牙颈部,3min／次。分别于治疗前、治疗1、3个月记录患者菌斑指数和牙龈指数并进行比较。结果观察组治疗前及治疗后1、3个月菌斑指数分别为2．27±0．28、1．32±0．21和1．41±0．35,牙龈指数分别为1．85±0．31、0．98±0．25和1．01±0．41;对照组治疗前及治疗后1、3个月菌斑指数分别为2．22±0．33、1．58±0．41和1．72±0．45,牙龈指数分别为1．82±0．31、1．23±0．42和1．45±0．36,2组治疗1、3个月菌斑指数、牙龈指数均较治疗前下降（P〈o．05）,观察组下降优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论冲牙器使用方便,对维护老年牙周病患者口腔卫生、抑制菌斑和控制牙龈炎症有一定作用。     

不同年龄组儿童牙面菌斑检测及分析

目的对不同年龄儿童进行菌斑染色,分析儿童的刷牙误区,以指导临床口腔健康教育方法,有效降低儿童患龋率。方法采用2%碱性品红对3~5、6~9、10~15岁年龄组儿童的牙齿进行菌斑染色,并按各个区段分别计算出上下前牙唇面、舌面及左右后牙颊面和舌面的平均菌斑指数,将数据进行统计学处理。结果三组儿童上下牙菌斑指数差异无统计学意义;10~15岁组右侧菌斑高于左侧,差异有统计学意义;三组儿童上后牙颊面菌斑指数均高于腭面,下后牙舌面菌斑指数均高于颊面,差异有统计学意义。结论对各年龄组儿童进行口腔健康教育时,应根据他们的年龄特点、菌斑分布的不同进行有针对性的指导,以提高刷牙效果。     

固定矫治中的口腔健康指导与牙周健康

目的探讨口腔健康指导对固定正畸患者牙周健康的影响。方法选取接受正畸初诊儿童30名,随机分为两组。改良组采用改良口腔指导即模型和菌斑染色指导刷牙,传统组采用传统方法口头牙周宣教,检查其治疗前、矫治1周、4周和8周时牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数。结果改良组牙菌斑指数,治疗4周后显著上升,P0.05。改良组牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数上升程度小于传统组(P0.05)。结论正畸治疗会影响患者口腔卫生,采用模型指导和菌斑染色的改良口腔指导能提高患者口腔卫生水平。     

替牙期儿童龋齿与饮食及口腔卫生习惯关系分析

目的：研究替牙期乳恒牙的龋坏情况和饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯的关系。方法选择盐城市亭湖区某小学8～11岁学生212名进行口腔龋齿检查和学生甜食摄入习惯、口腔卫生保健习惯问卷调查。分析儿童龋齿指数与饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯的关系。结果212名学生乳牙龋失补牙面数（dmft）为（6．21±0．52）颗,恒牙龋失补牙面数（DMFT）为（2．21±0．27）颗。进食糖果、巧克力、含糖软饮料、冷饮、水果的学生乳牙dmft分别为（5．98±0．62）,（6．12±0．68）,（5．64±0．57）,（6．78±0．71）,（4．68±0．51）颗,差异有统计学意义（F＝154．71,P＜0．05）;恒牙DMFT比较差异有统计学意义（F＝314．99,P＜0．05）;进行甜食频率高的学生乳牙dmft、恒牙DMFT高于进食水果和进食频率低的学生,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为37．62,125．15;P＜0．05）。每日刷牙3次和进食甜食后刷牙的学生的乳牙dmft、恒牙DMFT均低于刷牙次数少、漱口或者无口腔保健措施的学生,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论饮食中甜食摄入量和频率、口腔卫生习惯均与替牙期儿童龋齿的发生有一定的影响。     

学龄前儿童刷牙行为保健干预效果研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童刷牙行为保健干预效果。方法成立教育培训小组,对本社区某幼儿园62名3岁儿童进行针对性的口腔保健教育及刷牙行为干预,为期3个月。于干预前后采用《学龄前儿童刷牙行为调查问卷》和《刷牙评分标准》进行测评,评价刷牙行为和刷牙正确率的变化。结果干预后,本组学龄前儿童刷牙行为均有所改善,刷牙正确率从干预前的57％上升到干预后的81％。差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈O．01）。结论保健干预能改善社区学龄前儿童刷牙行为,提高刷牙正确率,促进儿童建立良好口腔卫生行为。     

口腔冲洗结合刷牙维护老年人牙周洁治术后的效果

目的比较刷牙结合口腔冲洗与单纯刷牙2种方式维护牙周洁治术后的效果。方法将48例老年牙周病患者按照就诊先后分为实验组和对照组。在牙周洁治术后,实验组患者使用普通牙刷刷牙结合口腔冲洗器冲洗;对照组患者单纯用普通牙刷刷牙,比较两组间牙周探诊深度（probing depths,PD）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）、龈沟出血指数（sulcus bleeding index,SBI）、菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）,并分别与牙周洁治术完毕时进行对比分析。结果维护后,实验组患者在PLI、SBI、BOP等方面优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组分别与牙周洁治术完毕时比较显示：实验组患者在PLJ、SBI、BOP、PD上的差异无统计学意义,对照组患者牙周洁治术完毕时、维护半年后牙周维护效果比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论刷牙结合口腔冲洗器冲洗的方式对老年人牙周的维护具有良好的效果。     

高敏C反应蛋白在儿童急性呼吸道感染的应用探讨

目的探讨患儿全血中CRP、WBC及其分类对儿童早期感染鉴别诊断的价值。方法检测患儿801例和体检儿童50例的CRP、wBC水平并对其分类。结果细菌感染组CRP、WBC、中性粒细胞百分率较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;病毒感染组与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。细菌感染组与病毒感染组比较,CRP、WBC、中性粒细胞百分率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。183例CRP〉5．0mg／L患儿抗生素治疗后,CRP下降明显,治疗前、后CRP差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,WBC差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CRP、WBC、中性粒细胞百分率的检测有助于患儿呼吸道感染疾病早期的鉴别诊断,可指导合理使用抗生素并判断其疗效。     

口腔正畸固定矫治器应用中菌斑的临床调查

目的检测接受固定矫治病人牙菌斑堆积情况.方法通过对120例正畸病例(其中矫治前,矫治＜6个月,矫治6～12个月,矫治＞12个月各30例)进行菌斑测试,分别对不同时期,不同牙位的菌斑指数进行比较.结果矫治前与矫治后各个阶段的菌斑指数有显著差异(P＜0.01).矫治后各个阶段的菌斑指数无明显差异.菌斑指数:上牙列＞下牙列.前牙＞后牙,右侧尖牙＞左侧尖牙,右下双尖牙＞左下双尖牙.上侧切牙菌斑值最大.结论固定矫冶器严重妨碍口腔卫生,右侧牙及上合牙口腔卫生差于对侧.     

冲牙器对固定正畸患者口腔卫生维护的效果评价

目的 评价冲牙器对固定正畸患儿口腔卫生维护的效果.方法 将120例固定正畸治疗患儿按不同口腔清洁方式分为常规刷牙组80例和使用冲牙器组40例.在固定正畸治疗前、治疗后第3个月和第6个月对2组患儿进行口腔卫生检查并对3个阶段的牙菌斑指数进行比较.结果 治疗前2组患儿的菌斑染色指数比较无显著差异,但治疗后3个月及治疗后6个月全部指标牙位的菌斑染色指数评价结果冲牙器组均显著优于常规刷牙组.结论 冲牙器能够减少菌斑附着,改善固定正畸患儿的口腔卫生状况.     

菌斑显示液强化口腔卫生宣教在牙周炎病人护理中的应用

目的:探讨菌斑显示液强化口腔卫生宣教在牙周炎病人护理中的应用效果。方法:将2019年6月—2019年12月口腔科就诊的100例牙周炎病人随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组采取常规方法指导刷牙,观察组加用菌斑显示剂指导刷牙。比较两组牙周炎病人刷牙前后的菌斑指数(PLI)、刷牙时间,同时比较两组病人的护理满意度。结果:两组病人刷牙后菌斑指数降低且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人刷牙时间长于对照组,护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:结合菌斑染色液刷牙会更加有效地降低菌斑指数,缩短刷牙时间,提高牙周炎病人对刷牙方法的理解并提高护理满意度。     

牙刷刷牙结合温开水冲洗在经口气管插管口腔护理中的应用效果观察

目的：探讨牙刷刷牙结合温开水冲洗在经口气管插管口腔护理中的应用效果。方法选取2012年5月-2013年6月在IC U监护治疗经口气管插管患者84例,随机将其分为实验组和对照组各42例。对照组采用生理盐水棉球进行口腔护理,实验组使用牙刷刷牙结合温开水冲洗方法进行口腔护理。比较2组患者的口腔护理应用效果。结果实验组口咽细菌、牙菌斑、口腔气味、住院时间、医疗费用、患者满意度情况均明显优于对照组。结论经口气管插管患者采用牙刷刷牙结合温开水冲洗进行口腔护理,可以有效清洁患者口腔、减少肺部细菌感染的发生。     

A controlled trial to compare the ability of foam swabs and toothbrushes to remove dental plaque

AIMS OF THE STUDY: To measure how effective foam swabs are at removing dental plaque when compared with using a toothbrush and to quantify any difference in ability. BACKGROUND: Few nursing studies have aimed to determine the effectiveness of different mouth care tools to remove plaque which is associated with the tooth/gingival margin and, therefore, with gingivitis and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Findings from a previous case study of two people that compared the ability of foam swabs and toothbrushes to remove plaque at the gum/tooth margin (gingival crevice) and plaque from between teeth (approximal plaque) suggested that the success of a toothbrush is affected by user technique and that foam swabs are not able to remove plaque from some 'sheltered' areas of teeth. METHODS: A time-series, cross-over controlled trial with 34 volunteers was used to determine the ability of foam swabs and toothbrushes to remove dental plaque which had been allowed to accumulate overnight. Plaque accumulations were scored at each approximal and crevice site for the buccal surfaces of the eight upper and eight lower teeth after each treatment of either toothbrushing or swabbing. RESULTS: Plaque frequency distributions in the form of boxplots, together with results from summary statistics demonstrate that toothbrushes performed substantially better than foam swabs in the ability to remove plaque from the sites studied in this larger sample of people. CONCLUSIONS: The trial verified the findings from the previous study. The conclusions can be generalized to a wider population because of the magnitude and direction of the differences measured. The implications for nurse education and the development of nursing in practice settings include the need to teach effective toothbrushing skills to nurses, and to support clinical staff in developing mouthcare practice, particularly in relation to the use of assessment strategies that include the choice of effective tools.     

A comparison of the ability of foam swabs and toothbrushes to remove dental plaque: implications for nursing practice

This study aimed to assess the impact which the use of a toothbrush and the use of foam swabs had on the removal of dental plaque over a 6-day period Three experiments were completed and duplicated using the author's mouth and one of these experiments was completed a third time on a volunteer's mouth A plaque scoring system which quantified the amount of plaque on teeth in areas adjacent to periodontal tissue, and therefore capable of initiating inflammation, was used after plaque had been disclosed Plaque at the gum/tooth margin (gingival crevice plaque) and plaque between teeth (approximal plaque) was measured At the end of each 6-day period, which commenced with all tooth surfaces clean, the ability of the toothbrush to remove plaque was consistently better than that of swabs, and usually achieved complete visible plaque removal from all sites In contrast, plaque remained in all sites which had been cleaned using foam swabs (after using a 'swabbing'or 'scrubbing'technique) However, it was possible to remove plaque from a number of gingival crevice sites with a swab when a varied'any technique'was used on the visible disclosed plaque The plaque in all approximal sites still remained after this technique An experiment to measure the effect of using foam swabs on plaque which had been allowed to accumulate over a 6 day period produced similar results The results from this study suggest that the success of a toothbrush in removing plaque is affected by user technique (total visible plaque removal was not achievable), and that foam swabs are not able to remove plaque from some 'sheltered'areas of teeth (total visible plaque removal was not achievable) The implications of these findings to nursing practice are discussed     

平度市农村地区成年人口腔健康状况调查

目的了解平度农村地区40岁以上人群口腔健康状况。方法采取分层、系统抽样的方法选取调查对象,按男女性别和年龄分组（每5岁为1组）,进行问卷调查和口腔检查,包括刷牙习惯、牙列状况、修复状况以及缺失原因,分析不同性别和年龄段的刷牙习惯、龋失补均数（DMFT）和牙齿缺失原因。结果共调查772例,DMFT随年龄递增,40-45岁组最少（5.46±3.95）,65岁以上组最多（18.59±10.07）,40-45、46-50和65以上年龄组男女性别间比较差异有显著性（t=2.12-3.66,P〈0.05）。各年龄组缺失牙占DMFT的大部分（62.5%-94.7%）。龋损占牙齿缺失原因的53.0%以上。在65岁以下各年龄段人群中,每天刷牙1次的人数占41.1%-53.7%,而65岁以上的老年人几乎不刷牙者占46.2%。结论平度市农村地区成年人DMFT较高,缺牙因素主要为龋损,口腔卫生习惯有待改善。     

Electric dental care in the child with multiple disability (author's transl)

Considering the benefits of toothbrushing in dental health, the superiority of the electric toothbrush over conventional toothbrushes is described. The various special effects of electric toothbrushing for the cerebral palsied and the epileptic child are set forth, as are the procedures to be observed in initial use. In the treatment of dysarthria, the electric toothbrush may moreover be helpful for desensitizing the mouth area. Carers should be advised on how to apply the electric toothbrush as well as on the effects of so-called oral jet cleaners.     

Oral health patterns among schoolchildren in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan

Little is known about the oral hygiene patterns among schoolchildren in Jordan. A school-based cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2010. A simple random sampling method was used. Each student participant completed a detailed questionnaire regarding oral hygiene habits. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS software version 16. The chi-square was used, odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence limits (Cl) for gum bleeding were estimated. The results showed that nearly one fourth of the children indicating that they brush their teeth twice or more daily (regular pattern). Furthermore, 17% of the schoolchildren never brush their teeth at all. There is a higher proportion, 22.1%, of rural children that never brush their teeth compared to 14.6% of the urban students. Dental flossing among primary schoolchildren in Mafraq Governorate is very rare: 97.2% of the children stated that they had never used dental floss in their life. Furthermore, one fourth of the schoolchildren did not have a tooth brush. While 15.0% of them have a shared toothbrush with their families. The findings of this study indicate that oral health habits in Mafraq Governorate are poor and need to be improved. Based upon these finding, community-oriented oral health programs should be established.     

Dental health behaviour among 25-44-year-old Danes

The purpose of the present investigation was to describe dental health behaviour in an adult Danish population and to study whether oral hygiene habits and consumption of sweets were affected by living conditions. The study group comprised 749 persons in the age group 25-44 years (82% of the original sample) and data on general health behaviour and dental health behaviour were collected by interviews. Regular dental visits were reported by 86%, 83% declared that they brush their teeth at least twice a day and toothbrushing after breakfast was reported by 51%. Regular use of toothpicks was reported by 45%, while dental floss was used by 22%. Dental visits varied according to education, income, work in shifts, sex, and self-assessment of dental health, while toothbrushing habits were affected by urbanization, sex, education, number of children in family, and self-assessment of dental health. Daily consumption of cakes/pastry was reported by 10%, six per cent consumed chocolate/liquorice every day, while soft drinks were drunk every day by 10%. Consumption of sweets varied according to education, shift work, sex, strained life situations, and the number of children in family. Among the regular dental visitors, oral hygiene habits were also influenced by living conditions. Thus, the challenges to general dental practice as regards dental health education are great.     

经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的文献分析

目的 了解我国经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的进展情况,明确存在的问题,为今后的研究方向提供参考.方法 检索截至2013年12月的CNKI、万方、维普和CBM 4个数据库中有关经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的文献,并采用文献计量学分析方法对检索结果进行系统分析.结果 共纳入1997年至2013年符合标准的文献309篇,主要收录于22种护理专业期刊中.经口气管插管患者口腔护理方法可大体归纳为5种：冲洗加擦洗法（95篇）,传统棉球（棉棒）擦拭和/或纱布（球）擦拭法（58篇）,牙刷刷洗法（54篇）,冲洗法（51篇）,喉镜协助法（7篇）.54篇文献使用传统棉球作为护理工具,55篇文献使用牙刷,其中儿童（软毛）牙刷29篇,普通牙刷14篇,电动牙刷12篇.口腔护理溶液主要有生理盐水（49篇）、中药溶液（36篇）、氯己定（36篇）、抗生素（12篇）、聚维酮碘（17篇）、碳酸氢钠（9篇）等.结论 经口气管插管患者的口腔护理已经引起护理研究者的重视,但口腔护理方法、频次及护理工具的使用仍欠规范.今后需加强护理人员的系统培训,提高科研工作者的科研能力,开展大样本、高质量的研究,制定全国性口腔护理指南,提高我国危重患者口腔护理水平.     

刷洗负压吸引法在经口气管插管患者口腔护理中的应用

目的探讨刷洗负压吸引法在经口气管插管患者口腔护理中的应用效果。方法选取ICU经口气管插管的患者82例,随机分为观察组42例和对照组40例,观察组采用刷洗负压吸引法进行口腔护理,对照组采用传统口腔护理方法。比较两组患者口腔感染发生率、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率、牙菌斑发生率和口腔黏膜损伤发生率。结果观察组口腔感染发生率、VAP的发生率和牙菌斑发生率分别为7．14％,2．38％,4．76％,均少于对照组的22．50％,15．00％,32．50％,差异均有统计学意义（x。分别为3．88,4．18,10．55;P〈0．05）。两组口腔黏膜损伤发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论与传统口腔护理方法相比,刷洗负压吸引法能有效保持经口气管插管患者口腔清洁,降低口腔感染、VAP和牙菌斑的发生率。