骨质疏松症的药物治疗进展

骨质疏松症（Osteoporosis,OP）是以低骨量及骨组织微结构退变为特征的一种全身性代谢性骨疾病,伴有骨脆性增加、骨强度降低,易发生骨折。骨质疏松症可分为原发性、继发性和特发性三大类。原发性骨质疏松症约占骨质疏松症的90％,可分为2种亚型,即I型和Ⅱ型;I型为绝经后骨质疏松症（postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP）,Ⅱ型为老年性骨质疏松症（senileosteoporosis,SOP）。     

骨质疏松治疗进展

骨质疏松(osteopomsis OP)是以低骨量及骨组织微结构退变为特征的一种全身性骨骼疾病,伴有骨脆性增加,易发生骨折。骨质疏松症可分为原发性和继发性两类,其中原发性骨质疏松症占骨质疏松症的90%。它又可分为2种亚型,Ⅰ型又称绝经后骨质疏松症,Ⅱ型为老年性骨质疏松症。继发性骨质疏松症可继发于其他疾病或由药物引起。骨的强度和完整性取决于来自造血组织的破骨细胞对骨的吸收及来自骨髓基质的成骨细胞对骨的重建     

骨质疏松症的药物治疗评价

骨质疏松症（op）是一种以骨强度降低、骨脆性增加、易导致骨折为主要特征的代谢性骨症。分为原发性和继发性两类。其中原发性op包括绝经后op（Ⅰ型）和老年性op（Ⅱ型）。随着全球人口的老龄化，op在全世界常见病、多发病中的地位逐渐上升至第7位，患病人数超过2亿，我国已达9000万。其中50-60岁发生率为21％，60～70岁为58％，70岁以上几乎是100％，尤其是绝经后妇女的发生率更高。全球用于op及其相关并发症治疗的费用超过250亿美元。     

针灸治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床应用进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是以骨量降低、骨微结构破坏、骨脆性增加、易发生骨折为特征的代谢性骨病。根据病机不同又可以分为原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)和继发性骨质疏松症。POP分为绝经后骨质疏松症和老年性骨质疏松症。绝经后骨质疏松的主要病因是雌激素缺乏,导致骨转换加速;老年性骨质疏松症的主要原因是维生素D功能不全和甲状旁腺功能亢进。POP早期无特异性症状,诊治率一般较低,病人常因“全身疼痛”甚至“骨质疏松性骨折”就诊时才得以初步诊断。骨质疏松性骨折是POP最严重的并发症,致残和致死率高。随着中国进入老龄化社会,OP的防治工作尤为迫切。     

原发性骨质疏松症

骨质疏松症是一种骨质低下,骨微结构破坏,导致骨脆性增加,易发生骨折为特征的全身性骨病.骨质疏松症分为原发性和继发性两大类.原发性骨质疏松症又分为绝经后骨质疏松症(Ⅰ型),老年性骨质疏松症(Ⅱ型)和特发性骨质疏松(包括青少年型)三类.     

绝经后骨质疏松症防治进展

原发性骨质疏松症是以骨量减少，骨组织的显微结构发生改变，以松质骨骨小梁变细、断裂、数量减少，皮质骨多孔和变薄为特征，以致骨的脆性增高，易于发生骨折的一种全身性骨骼疾病。在临床上表现为腰背疼和病理性骨折，主要发生在中老年人，尤其是绝经后妇女中发生率高达60％以上。     

雌激素影响绝经后骨质疏松分子机制研究进展

<正>骨质疏松是以骨量减少、骨的微观结构退化为特征的,致使骨的脆性增加以及易于发生骨折的一种全身性骨骼疾病,可分为三大类即原发性骨质疏松、继发性骨质疏松、特发性骨质疏松。绝经后骨质疏松(PMOP)为Ⅰ型原发性骨质疏松,由绝经后机体雌激素水平下降而引发,年龄通常界定在50~70岁。雌激素的缺乏被认为是PMOP的主要原因,其中具体的分子机制仍未达成共识,本文结合近些年研究雌激素对PMOP发病机     

白细胞介素-6与绝经后骨质疏松症

绝经后骨质疏松症 (postmenopausalosteoporosis ,PMO) ,又称I型骨质疏松症 ,常见于 5 0～ 70岁的女性 ,其特征是骨量快速丢失 ,小梁骨吸收加速 ,骨脆性增加 ,骨折风险加大 ,影响绝经后妇女的生活质量。目前公认的PMO发病原因是雌激素的减少 ,但近年来的研究发现 ,白细胞介素 6(IL 6)在绝经后PMO的发病中起着不可忽视的作用。IL 6是一种多功能的细胞因子 ,参与许多病理生理过程 ,在病理状态下 ,IL 6是调节骨吸收的重要因子 ,参与绝经后骨质疏松症的发病过程 ,并受雌激素和某些药物的调节。本文就这方面的研究作一综述。1　IL 6的分…     

骨质疏松症的药物治疗评价

骨质疏松症(op)是一种以骨强度降低、骨脆性增加、易导致骨折为主要特征的代谢性骨症。分为原发性和继发性两类。其中原发性op包括绝经后op(Ⅰ型)和老年性op(Ⅱ型)。随着全球人口的老龄化,op在全世界常见病、多发病中的地位逐渐上升至第7位,患病人数超过2亿,我国已达9000万。其     

骨密度与骨代谢生化指标在原发性骨质疏松症诊断上的意义

骨密度与骨代谢生化指标在原发性骨质疏松症诊断上的意义薛延董洁英郭春英张海文贾维维何玉香孙华毅王军骨质疏松症是以骨量减少为特征，骨组织显微结构改变和骨折危险度增加的疾病，而原发性骨质疏松症是指老年性和绝经后的骨质疏松症。本组对２８例原发性骨质疏松症（Ｐ...     

ERCP and MRCP--when and why

Since the introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the 1970s, gastroenterologists have a wide spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic options in the biliopancreatic ductal system at their disposal. With its arrival in the 1990s, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) developed as a potent diagnostic tool in biliopancreatic pathology. Currently, MRCP is widely replacing diagnostic ERCP and thereby avoiding complications related to endoscopic technique.We summarize evidence-based data and demonstrate indications and differential indications for MRCP and ERCP in pancreatic disease. Complications related to the procedures and possible medical prevention are discussed. The feasibility of interventional endoscopy in pancreatic disease is reported in detail. The role of gastroenterologists in performing MRCP is outlined on the basis of practical examples.     

Convection and permeation and albumin between plasma and interstitium.

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics is combined with compartmental analysis to interpret albumin sieving and tracer experiments in terms of a permeability-surface product PS (permeation) and a solvent drag reflection coefficient σ_f (convection) for various blood-tissue barriers. The human whole-body albumin data of Lassen, Parving, and Rossing (Lassen, Parving, and Rossing, Microvasc. Res.7, i–iv (1974)), modified for nonliver tissues by Johnson and Levitt (Johnson &; Levitt, Microvasc. Res.9, 141 (1975)) lead to P ～ 1.8 × 10^?8 cm sec^?1 (based on a surface area per unit plasma volume of 700 cm^?1) and to σ_f ～ 0.9, which imply, in agreement with Johnson and Levitt, that permeation is the dominant nonliver blood-tissue transport mechanism for albumin in the normal resting human. Similar values are derived from the dog paw muscle data of Garlick and Renkin (Garlick and Renkin, Amer. J. Physiol.219, 1595–1605 (1970)). The Casley-Smith (Casley-Smith, Microvasc. Res.9, 43–48 (1975)) mechanism of uphill albumin transport is verified as possible. It is tentatively inferred that lymph formation in resting tissue does not result from a small difference between a large fluid (volumetric) filtration and an almost equally large fluid reabsorption, either in the same capillary (Starling) or between different capillaries (Zweifach) (Zweifach, Circ. Res.34, 858–866 (1974)). Rather, reabsorption is negligibly small relative to filtration, and lymph flow is comparable to volumetric filtration.