葛根素治疗过早搏动

葛根素(Puerarin)是从豆科葛属植物的根中提取的一种化学成分。作者用葛根素治疗早搏13例,与对照组普萘洛尔9例、葡萄糖12例比较。葛根素总有效率为53％,可使早搏次数明显减少,与普萘洛尔作用相似。说明葛根素治疗早搏有一定作用。该药尚     

羟乙葛根素对β肾上腺素受体的阻断作用

目的观察异黄酮类化合物羟乙葛根素对肾上腺素受体的作用。方法分别利用离体家兔血管和离体蛙心观察羟乙葛根素对α,β肾上腺素受体的作用。结果羟乙葛根素对去甲肾上腺素引起的离体血管的收缩作用影响不明显,但可以使异丙肾上腺素兴奋离体蛙心的张力曲线幅度降低,频率变慢,与普萘洛尔具有相同的作用。结论羟乙葛根素可阻断β肾上腺素受体,但对α肾上腺素受体作用不明显。     

醒脑静注射液治疗中枢性眩晕395例临床观察

目的探讨醒脑静注射液治疗中枢性眩晕的机制和临床疗效及安全性。方法应用醒脑静注射液治疗中枢性眩晕178例作为治疗组和应用葛根素注射液治疗中枢性眩晕217例作为对照组,进行阴、阳性对照。结果治疗组有效率为89%,对照组有效率为93%,2组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),并且醒脑静注射液在缓解视物旋转和晃动感的作用和起效时间略早于葛根素注射液,对于缓解合并头痛的患者,醒脑静注射液的作用要明显好于葛根素注射液(P<0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液在改善脑循环、扩张脑血管等方面的作用与葛根素注射液无明显的差别,但醒脑静注射液的安全性和应用范围明显高于葛根素。     

硬化剂联合普萘洛尔预防食管胃底静脉曲张再出血36例

目的 比较普萘洛尔、硬化剂及两者联合治疗预防食管胃底静脉曲张再出血的临床疗效.方法 102例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者,随机分为三组,其中接受普萘洛尔治疗36例,硬化剂治疗30例,硬化剂联合普萘洛尔治疗36例,比较三组患者3个月、6个月、1年、2年不同时间段的再出血率、死亡率和并发症情况.结果 3个月和6个月内三组患者再出血率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);1年和2年内硬化剂联合普萘洛尔组再出血率均低于普萘洛尔组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);1年内硬化剂组与普萘洛尔组的再出血率无明显差异(P>0.05),而2年内硬化剂再出血率低于普萘洛尔组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组患者的死亡率和并发症比较,无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 硬化剂联合普萘洛尔预防再出血疗效最好,硬化剂次之,普萘洛尔最差.     

葛根素与低分子右旋糖酐治疗突发性聋的疗效比较

目的 观察葛根素与低分子右旋糖酐治疗突发性聋疗效.方法 分别使用葛根素与低分子右旋糖酐治疗突发性聋各30例.结果 对伴有眩晕症状的患者,葛根素治愈率明显高于低分子右旋糖酐治疗组,治疗中无不良反应.结论 葛根素是治疗突发性聋的有效药物.     

应用葛根素注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察(附60例报道)

目的探讨葛根素和丹参注射液治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效。方法120例ACI患者随机分为两组,治疗组(60例)用葛根素注射液400mg加入5%葡萄糖溶液250mL静脉滴注1次/d,共28d;对照组(60例)用丹参注射液20mL加入5%葡萄糖溶液250mL,1次/d静脉滴注,共28d。观察两组治疗前后血液流变学的变化、总疗效及不良反应。结果治疗组全血黏度及红细胞比容较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),与对照组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组有效率为88.3%,明显高于对照组的81.7%,差异不明显,无明显不良反应。结论葛根素注射液治疗ACI安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

阿罗洛尔和普萘洛尔对丙戊酸钠所致震颤疗效及安全性的随机对照研究

目的比较阿罗洛尔与普萘洛尔治疗丙戊酸钠所致震颤的疗效及安全性。方法将52例丙戊酸钠单药治疗所致震颤的癫痫患者随机分为阿罗洛尔组(n=28)与普萘洛尔组(n=24),分别口服阿罗洛尔5 mg bid和普萘洛尔10 mg bid,观察12周。评估治疗前后震颤的严重程度和患者的生活质量、血压、心率、心电图的变化,同时记录治疗期间的不良反应。结果阿罗洛尔组完成27例,普萘洛尔组完成22例。研究发现丙戊酸钠血药浓度与震颤的严重程度无确切相关性(P> 0.05)。疗程12周结束时,2组震颤评分均较治疗前显著降低(P <0.01),且阿罗洛尔组降低更明显(P <0.05,P <0.01);阿罗洛尔组的生活质量总分较治疗前显著提高(P <0.05),普萘洛尔组的生活质量总分有提高但无显著差异(P> 0.05);阿罗洛尔组药物副作用担忧(P <0.01)与社会功能(P <0.05)评分明显增高。2组患者的心率均较治疗前明显下降(P <0.01),普萘洛尔组的收缩压与舒张压均较治疗前明显下降(P <0.01)。2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P> 0.05)。结论阿罗洛尔治疗丙戊酸钠所致震颤较普萘洛尔更有效,对血压影响更小,并可以提高癫痫患者的生活质量。     

稳心颗粒（无糖型）治疗冠心病早搏合并2型糖尿病的观察

目的观察稳心颗粒（无糖型）治疗冠心病早搏合并2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法选择78例冠心病、早搏合并2型糖尿病的患者进行常规治疗与常规治疗加服稳心颗粒（无糖型）治疗的临床对比观察。6周前后进行24h动态心电图、Ⅻ导联心电图检查及有效评价。结果观察组早搏总有效率为90.24%,明显优于对照组78.37%（P〈0.05）。观察组在控制血糖方面与对照组无明显差别。结论稳心颗粒（无糖型）治疗冠心病、早搏合并2型糖尿病患者是安全有效的。     

阿替洛尔与普萘洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的疗效比较

目的 比较阿替洛尔与普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤疗效。方法 纳入123例患儿,随机分为阿替洛尔组和普萘洛尔组。其中阿替洛尔组63例,普萘洛尔组60例。初始治疗后2、4周,每月随访一次至半年。结果 阿替洛尔组治疗反应率为53.9%,普萘洛尔组为60%,两组结果无统计学差异(P=0.68)。无相关不良反应。结论 阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤安全有效,疗效不劣于普萘洛尔。     

葛根素注射液对急性心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的观察葛根素注射液对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的心肌和心功能的影响。方法 92例AMI患者随机分为葛根素组和对照组各46例,葛根素组在常规治疗基础上予葛根素注射液治疗,对照组予常规治疗。治疗前后测定患者心率、平均动脉压（MAP）、心肌耗氧指数、心肌缺血总时间、心肌缺血总负荷、左室形态学参数。结果治疗后葛根素组的MAP及心肌耗氧指数均小于对照组,心肌缺血总时间与总负荷均较自身治疗前有明显缩短,差异有统计学意义。两组治疗前后的左室形态学参数水平均接近,治疗后的溶栓再通率接近,差异均无统计学意义。结论葛根素具有保护AMI患者缺血心肌和改善心功能的作用。     

The abnormal ECG and the appearance of methacholine-induced arrhythmias in SART mice and effects of beta-blockers, oxprenolol, propranolol, and carteolol

Protective effects of beta-blockers (oxprenolol, propranolol and carteolol) on the abnormal ECG of the sympathicotonia type were studied in male ddY SART stressed mice. Oxprenolol and carteolol were observed to have mild effects on the abnormal ECG as compared with propranolol. Experimental arrhythmias were induced by drugs in SART mice, and their frequencies of appearance were examined. The types of arrhythmias used as indices were sinus arrhythmia, supraventricular and ventricular extrasystole, the 1st and 2nd degrees of atrio-ventricular (A-V) block, sino-atrial (S-A) block and sinus standstill. The frequency of appearance of arrhythmia of any type induced by adrenaline was lower in SART mice than in normal mice. The frequency of appearance of methacholine (MCh)-induced arrhythmia of any type was significantly higher in SART mice than in normal mice. Protective effects of the 3 beta-blockers on the worsening of MCh-arrhythmias in SART mice were studied. With a single dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg, the drugs were effective on supraventricular extrasystole and S-A block. Continuous administrations of oxprenolol and carteolol inhibited the occurrence of supraventricular extrasystole, A-V block and S-A block, but not the occurrence of ventricular extrasystole. Continuous administrations of propranolol were effective on any type of arrhythmias except for sinus arrhythmia. These results further support our viewpoint that the SART mouse is of the sympathicotonia type with respect to the heart, and they suggest that oxprenolol and carteolol may be effective clinically on arrhythmias caused by autonomic imbalance.     

Reevaluation of arrhythmias and alterations of the autonomic nervous activity induced by T-2 toxin through telemetric measurements in unrestrained rats

This study was conducted to clarify and reevaluate the cardiac and autonomic nervous effects of T-2 toxin, which had been previously examined by several acute experiments, in unrestrained and conscious rats implanted with telemetric transmitters. Two groups of rats were given two subcutaneous injections of 0.1 and 0.5?mg/kg of T-2 toxin with an interval of 3 days. Two other groups of rat were pre-implanted with osmotic minipumps by which atropine (20?mg/kg/day) or propranolol (100?mg/kg/day) was continuously administered preceding subcutaneous injection of T-2 toxin (0.5?mg/kg). The present study demonstrated that T-2 toxin caused marked arrhythmias, such as second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, sinus bradycardia, supraventricular extrasystole, and ventricular extrasystole, which were accompanied by a significant increase in heart rate and a significant decrease in total power and low- and high-frequency power of heart rate variability, during 3 days of observation after the toxin administration. However, the occurrence of arrhythmia with conduction disturbance such as second-degree atrioventricular blocks was markedly diminished by pretreatment with atropine, while the occurrence of ventricular extrasystole was augmented by atropine. The present study with the telemetric measurement elucidated and confirmed that T-2 toxin produced significant cardiac dysfunctions involving disturbance of the conduction pathway influenced by the autonomic nervous activity and also possible direct effects on cardiac myocytes.     

慢心律与心得安合用治疗室性早搏的疗效分析

慢心律与心得安合用治疗室性早搏40例,结果表明两药合用较单用慢心律疗效显著     

葛根素注射液治疗脑梗死2 500例

目的研究葛根素注射液治疗脑梗死的临床效果.方法脑梗死患者共7 600例,除给予抗血小板聚集、脱水、抗感染以及控制血压、血糖、血脂等基础治疗外,对其中2 500例给予葛根素注射液500 mL·d-1,2 000例给予丹参注射液400 mL·d-1,2 000例给予三七总苷注射液450 mL·d-1,其余1 100例患者未加特殊治疗(对照组),疗程均为21 d.观察各组有效率、神经功能改善程度、病死率和梗死后脑出血(HI)发生率.结果葛根素组的有效率和神经功能改善程度高于丹参组和对照组,与三七总苷组相似;葛根素组患者病死率低于其他3组;葛根素组患者HI发生率高于对照组,低于三七总苷组,与丹参组相似.结论葛根素治疗能明显改善脑梗死患者神经功能,降低病死率.     

门冬氨酸钾镁治疗心律失常156例

104例过早搏动(早搏)患者在服用普罗帕酮2wk无效者,加用或改用门冬氨酸钾镁口服液10mL,tid, 4wk,临床症状总有效率91.3％,24h动态心电图监测早搏总有效率82％。心力衰竭伴心律失常者62例在用强心、利尿药基础上,32例加服门冬氨酸钾镁10mL, tid, 2wk;10例加服10％氯化钾10mL,tid,2wk;20例加用门冬氨酸钾镁20mL于葡萄糖250mL中静滴,qd, 2wk。症状有效率依次为88％,70％,95％;早搏次数或脉率减少率依次为91％,50％,100％。     

卡维地洛抗实验性心律失常作用

目的　评价卡维地洛（ＣＶＤ）抗实验性心律失常作用,并与β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔（ＰＲＯ） 进行比较。方法　采用氯仿致小鼠室颤（ＶＦ） , 哇巴因、乌头碱致豚鼠、大鼠心律失常,肾上腺素致豚鼠心律失常, 以及结扎大鼠冠状动脉诱发心律失常等５ 种模型。结果　与溶媒对照组相比, ＣＶＤ１ ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ 显著降低氯仿诱发的小鼠ＶＦ 发生率〔１８－７５ ％（３／１６） ｖｓ８１－２５％ （１３／１６）,Ｐ＜ ０－０１〕,此作用与ＰＲＯ 相似。１ ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ ＣＶＤ 和ＰＲＯ 均显著提高致室早（ＶＥ） , 室速（ＶＴ）, ＶＦ, 心搏停止（ＣＡ） 所需哇巴因和乌头碱用量（ Ｐ＜０－０１ ｖｓ 溶剂对照组） ;ＣＶＤ 对抗哇巴因的致心律失常作用较等剂量ＰＲＯ 显著（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１ ,ＣＶＤ ｖｓ ＰＲＯ）。ＣＶＤ 剂量依赖性地显著缩短ｉｖ 肾上腺素４０ μｇ·ｋｇ－ １ 所致心律失常持续时间,有效减少结扎冠脉诱发的缺血性心律失常ＶＴ,ＶＦ,ＣＡ 的发生率并缩短ＶＴ 的持续时间。结论　ＣＶＤ 具有抗多种实验性心律失常作用,该作用在等剂量时至少与ＰＲＯ 相近,或强于ＰＲＯ。ＣＶＤ的这种作用最终将有益于接受其治疗的原发性高血压、冠心病、充血性心力衰竭患者     

老年冠心病患者窦性心率震荡与射血分数和室性早搏关系的研究

目的探讨冠心病老年患者的窦性心率震荡与射血分数和室性早搏关系。方法 178例冠心病患者行24h动态心电图检查,计算机自动测定HRT的两个参数—震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)、心脏彩超测定射血分数及室性早搏数目。结果采用秩和检验TS指标对频发室早组和对照组有统计学意义,射血分数指标对偶发室早组和对照组有统计学意义,射血分数指标对频发室早组与对照组有统计学意义,TO无统计学意义。结论冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能受损,压力反射间接调节作用明显减弱,H RT可用于冠心病患者病情严重程度的判断和危险分层,作为判断预后的重要指标之一。     

银杏叶提取物与葛根素注射液治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效比较

目的观察银杏叶提取物与葛根素注射液治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效比较。方法将104例突发性耳聋患者随机分为两组,银杏叶提取物治疗组55例,葛根素注射液治疗组49例。两组其他方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果银杏叶提取物组治疗耳聋总有效率为89.1%,而葛根素注射液治疗组总有效率为79.6%,两组疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。银杏叶提取物组治疗耳鸣有效率为82.2%,而葛根素注射液治疗组有效率为67.5%,两组疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物治疗突发性耳聋效果较葛根素注射液好。     

HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic studies on puerarin in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat plasma after intravenous administration of puerariae radix isoflavone

A new HPLC method for the determination of puerarin in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat plasma is introduced. Puerarin, the principal bioactive component of puerariae radix isoflavone, was extracted from plasma by methanol. The HPLC separation was then performed on a reversed-phase C18 column using water-acetonitrile (89:11, v/v) as eluting solvent system, and UV detection at 252 nm to measure the analyte with a limit of quantitation about 9.44 ng ml(-1). The calibration curve for puerarin was linear (r=0.9998) in the concentration range of 9.44-1208.00 ng ml(-1), both intra- and inter-day precision of the puerarin were determined and their coefficient of variation did not exceed 10%. The validated method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies of puerarin from rat plasma after intravenous administration of puerariae radix isoflavone. Another novel finding of this study was that the elimination rate of puerarin was significantly slower in the cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat than in the normal rat, judging by the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained. Since puerariae radix isoflavone was mainly administrated to the patients suffering from cerebralvascular diseases, the pharmacokinetic studies performed on the pathological animal models were suitable references for clinical application.     

Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol in hyperlipidemia.

The lipophilic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol has been studied to define its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in hyperlipidemic patients. A total of 48 subjects were allocated to four study groups: (1) healthy volunteers, (2) hypercholesterolemic patients, (3) hypertriglyceridemic subjects, and (4) patients with a mixed form of hyperlipidemia. Propranolol was given orally as a single dose of 80 mg. Heart rate was measured during 12 hours. At each point, the concentrations of propranolol were estimated. Moreover, heart rate and arterial systolic blood pressure were examined at rest and after a submaximal exercise test 3 hours after administration of propranolol (i.e., at the peak of propranolol concentration in the blood serum). A significant increase in the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) by 39% and a reduction of the volume of distribution and total body clearance by 48% and 46%, respectively, without a significant change in the half-life time, were observed in patients with hypertriglyceridemia in comparison with the control group. The acceleration of exercise heart rate and the elevation of systolic blood pressure were comparable in all groups in the study, whereas blood serum concentrations of propranolol in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (group 3) and the mixed form of hyperlipidemia (group 4) were markedly altered from those observed in normolipemic subjects. No relationship between the concentration of propranolol and the heart rate in the group with hypertriglyceridemia was seen. In the light of this study, the authors suggest that lipid metabolism disturbances do not affect the pharmacodynamics of propranolol.