五年制高职生社会支持、应对方式与学习倦怠的关系

目的:探讨五年制高职生学习倦怠与社会支持、应对方式之间的关系。方法:采用社会支持量表、应对方式量表以及学习倦怠量表,对390名五年制高职生进行调查,并构建结构方程模型来研究应对方式在社会支持与学习倦怠之间的中介作用。结果:1高职生的性别只有在应对方式的问题解决(t=-2.734,P0.01)和发泄维度(t=2.441,P0.05)存在显著差异;各年级在社会支持的客观支持维度差异显著(F=3.610,P0.05);2社会支持与应对方式呈显著负相关(r=-0.117,P0.05),应对方式与学习倦怠呈显著正相关(r=0.180,P0.01),社会支持与学习倦怠呈显著负相关(r=-0.351,P0.01);3积极应对方式在五年制高职生的社会支持与学习倦怠之间起到部分中介作用(Z=5.644,P0.001),中介效应为37.62%。结论:社会支持不仅能够直接作用于高职生的学习倦怠,而且能够通过积极应对方式降低学生的学习倦怠水平。     

社会因素对专业承诺与学习倦怠关系的调节

目的:考察社会因素对大学生专业承诺和学习倦怠关系的影响。方法:采用大学生学习倦怠量表、大学生专业承诺量表和大学生学习倦怠影响因素问卷,调查429名大学生专业承诺与学习倦怠情况。采用分层回归分析和简单斜率检验,探讨社会因素对大学生专业承诺与学习倦怠关系的调节作用。结果:1大学生专业承诺与学习倦怠显著负相关(r=-0.409,P0.001),情感承诺对学习倦怠的预测量最大;2专业承诺对学习倦怠具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-3.851,P0.001),而社会因素对学习倦怠具有显著的正向预测作用(β=2.84,P0.001),专业承诺和社会因素的交互作用项对大学生学习倦怠具有显著的正向预测(β=0.971,P0.05);3在低社会因素条件下,大学生专业承诺对学习倦怠的预测作用显著(β=-0.438,t=-4.250,P0.001),即专业承诺越高,学习倦怠的程度就越低。但在高社会因素条件下,大学生专业承诺对学习倦怠的预测作用不显著(β=-0.230,t=-1.622,P=0.111)。结论:社会因素在大学生专业承诺和学习倦怠之间起着显著的调节作用。     

大学生学习倦怠特点及其与社会支持、自我价值感的关系

目的探讨大学生学习倦怠特点及其与社会支持、自我价值感的关系。方法抽取514名大学生为研究对象,以学习倦怠问卷、社会支持评定量表、青少年自我价值感量表为研究工具。结果 1学习倦怠总分、行为不当、成就感低在性别上的差异有统计学意义(t=3.495,2.872,3.103;P0.01),情绪低落在是否独生子女上的差异有统计学意义(t=2.686,P0.01);2学习倦怠总分、情绪低落、行为不当与自我价值感、社会支持呈显著负相关(r=-0.371~-0.116;P0.05);3个人取向的一般自我价值感和主观支持对学习倦怠有显著的预测作用(β1=-0.201,β2=-0.164;P=0.00),Y(学习倦怠)=79.18-0.52X1(个人取向的一般自我价值感)-0.33X2(主观支持)。结论大学生自我价值感越高,社会支持越高,其学习倦怠水平越低。     

高职生累积家庭风险与学习倦怠的关系

目的:考察高职生累积家庭风险与学习倦怠的关系以及同伴疏离的中介作用.方法:采用累积家庭风险问卷、同伴疏离问卷和学习倦怠问卷对3所高职院校的500名高职生进行问卷调查.最后得到有效问卷461份(92.2％).结果:高职生的学习倦怠存在性别(t=-3.91,P＜0.001)和年级差异(F=21.84,P＜0.001).高职生累积家庭风险、同伴疏离与学习倦怠两两之间均呈显著的正相关(r=0.19～0.39,P＜0.001).同伴疏离在累积家庭风险与学习倦怠之间起了中介作用.结论:同伴疏离在累积家庭风险与学习倦怠之间起了完全中介作用.     

初中生学习倦怠特点及其与自尊、社会支持的关系

目的 探讨初中生学习倦怠的特点及其与自尊、社会支持的关系,为有效降低初中生的学习倦怠提供实证依据.方法 采用问卷调查法对228名初中生施测中学生学习倦怠问卷、社会支持评定量表和自尊量表.结果①初中生学习倦怠的性别差异不显著(F=1.03,P＞0.05);初一学生的学习效能感显著低于初二学生(F=3.59,P＜0.05);②社会支持、自尊与学习倦怠总体及其4个维度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.22～-0.47,P＜0.05);③社会支持对学习倦怠不仅具有显著的直接预测作用(β=-0.34,P＜0.01),而且可以通过自尊的中介作用来间接预测学习倦怠(中介效应为19.7％).结论 初中生学习倦怠与自尊、社会支持关系密切,社会支持不仅可以直接预测学习倦怠,而且可以通过自尊间接预测学习倦怠.     

高职生学习倦怠及内部影响因素

目的探究目前高职生的学习倦怠状况及其内部影响因素。方法采用学业自我效能问卷、学习动机量表和大学生学习倦怠调查量表对400名在校高职生进行问卷调查。结果①学习倦怠中的成就感低因子在性别上有显著差异,男生显著高于女生(t=3.071,P0.001),学习倦怠总分、情绪低落和成就感低因子在独生与否上存在显著差异,都是独生子女高于非独生子女(t=2.291~3.027,P0.05);②学习动机与学习倦怠中的成就感低呈正相关(r=0.117,P0.05),与情绪低落呈负相关(r=-0.264,P0.01)。学习动机中的内生动机与学习倦怠及其行为不当、情绪低落两个维度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.413~-0.164,P0.01);外生动机与学习倦怠及其成就感低这一维度均呈显著正相关(r=0.121~0.211,P0.01);③除成就感低与自我效能感中学习行为自我效能感一维度的相关不显著外,学业自我效能感及各因子与学习倦怠总分及各因子呈现显著负相关(r=-0.462~-0.171,P0.01);④内部动机在自我效能与学习倦怠之间起部分中介作用(t=-8.446,P0.01)。结论①独生子女的学习倦怠程度高于非独生,男生"成就感低"程度高于女生。②学业自我效能感越高的人,学习倦怠水平越低。③学业自我效能直接影响学习倦怠,还通过学生学习动机间接影响学习倦怠。     

高职生抗挫折心理能力对学业挫折感的影响:核心素养和应对方式的中介作用

目的:为探讨高职生抗挫折心理能力现状及其对学业挫折感的影响,考察核心素养和应对方式在两者之间所起的中介作用。方法:采用青年学业挫折感问卷、大学生抗挫折心理能力问卷、青年核心素养问卷和应对方式问卷对全国18个省市32所高职院校的2326名在校学生进行调查。结果:①高职生学业挫折感与抗挫折心理能力之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.424,P0.01);②高职生核心素养与抗挫折心理能力存在显著正相关(r=0.084,P0.01);③高职生应对方式与抗挫折心理能力存在显著正相关(r=0.167,P0.01);④高职生应对方式与核心素养存在显著正相关(r=0.209,P0.01);⑤高职生抗挫折心理能力对学业挫折感有显著负向预测作用;核心素养中的审美情趣、勤于反思对学业挫折感有显著正向预测作用,核心素养中的自我管理对学业挫折感具有显著负向预测作用;应对方式对学业挫折感具有显著负向预测作用,应对方式中的消极应对方式对学业挫折感具有显著正向预测作用;结论:高职生核心素养、应对方式在抗挫折心理能力与学业挫折感之间存在链式中介作用。     

大学生生命意义感、社会性无聊感与学习倦怠的相关性

目的:研究地方院校大学生生命意义感、社会性无聊感与学习倦怠之间的关系。方法:采用生命意义感问卷、自编的社会性无聊感问卷和大学生学习倦怠量表对广州肇庆地区823名本科大学生进行调查,并利用SPSS18.0进行分析。结果:1大二学生在社会性无聊感与学习倦怠感上得分最高,生命意义感上得分最低;2学习倦怠与社会性无聊感存在显著正相关(r=0.602,P0.000),学习倦怠与生命意义感存在显著负相关(r=-0.449,P0.000);3学习倦怠对生命意义感存在显著负向预测作用(20%),学习倦怠对社会性无聊感存在显著正向预测作用(36.2%);4生命意义感在学习倦怠与社会性无聊感中存在部分中介作用,中介效应为41.6%。结论:降低大学生学习倦怠,有助于提高生命意义感与降低社会性无聊感。     

高中生社会支持、归因方式与学习倦怠的相关性

目的:探讨高中生社会支持、归因方式与学习倦怠之间的关系。方法:采用归因方式问卷、社会支持量表和中学生学习倦怠量表,对潍坊市405名高一高二学生进行问卷调查,利用SPSS 16.0对数据进行分析。结果:(1)性别在情绪耗竭(t=3.34,P0.05)、低效能感(t=2.89,P0.05)、生理耗竭(t=2.03,P0.05)、学习倦怠(t=3.55,P0.05)、总分、社会支持(t=-2.26,P0.05)、内部可控(t=-2.28,P0.05)上均存在显著差异;(2)年级间学习倦怠无显著性差异(t=-1.53,P0.05),在社会支持(t=2.25,P0.05)和外部可控(t=-2.44,P0.05)上存在显著性差异;(3)父亲的文化程度高低对子女的学习倦怠水平产生显著性影响(F=3.055,P0.05);(4)社会支持、归因方式与学习倦怠存在显著性相关。结论:社会支持、归因方式与学习倦怠存在显著性相关,通过检验三者成线性关系,可建立回归方程:学习倦怠=-0.543×社会支持+0.37×归因方式+56.654。     

社会支持对法官职业倦怠的影响:应对方式的中介效应

目的:调查我国法官的职业倦怠现状,探究社会支持与职业倦怠的关系,考察应对方式可能的中介作用和调节作用。方法:采用Maslach倦怠量表、简易应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表对196名法官,142名律师和141名公务员进行测验。结果:法官职业倦怠的情绪衰竭维度得分显著高于律师和公务员(P=0.001);支持利用度(P=0.007)对情绪衰竭有预测作用;积极应对方式在社会支持对情绪衰竭和个人成就感的影响中具有显著的部分中介效应(Z=-2.509,3.090,P=0.011,0.002)。结论:我国法官群体的职业倦怠状况比较严重,社会支持对法官职业倦怠有负向预测作用,积极应对方式具有显著的中介作用。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.