Teach-back方法对改善乳腺癌术后患者淋巴水肿上肢功能的作用

目的探讨Teach-back方法对改善乳腺癌术后患者淋巴水肿上肢功能的效果。方法选取2018年10月至2019年10月无锡第二人民医院收治的乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者104例,根据随机数字表分为观察组及对照组各52例。两组患者均行患肢功能锻炼,对照组锻炼期间行常规健康指导,观察组采用Teach-back方法指导患者进行功能锻炼。比较两组患者功能锻炼依从性、功能锻炼技能掌握评分、患者功能恢复及生活质量改善情况。结果干预后观察组患者功能锻炼依从性评分、功能锻炼技能掌握评分、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及生活质量总评分高于对照组(均P<0.05),且患肢淋巴水肿较对照组明显改善(P<0.05)。结论Teach-back方法能有效提高乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者功能锻炼依从性及技能,从而有效减轻患者淋巴水肿,改善患肢功能,提高患者术后生活质量。     

有氧恢复操对乳腺癌术后预防患肢淋巴水肿及促进上肢功能恢复的影响

目的通过有计划的指导训练乳腺癌术后患者的患肢功能锻炼,使她们在短时间内恢复手臂正常功能,降低患肢淋巴水肿的发生率,让其尽早恢复正常的生活和工作。方法将120例乳腺癌改良根治术后患者随机分为对照组和实验组。2组均在术后第6天开始指导功能锻炼,对照组行常规乳腺癌术后护理并嘱其按时功能锻炼,实验组除行常规乳腺癌术后护理外并教其做有氧恢复操[1]。结果实验组恢复时间平均43.3d,淋巴水肿轻度3例,中度0例,自我评价满意。对照组恢复时间平均61.7d,其中淋巴水肿轻度17例,中度6例。结论通过有氧恢复操可以帮助患者尽早恢复患肢功能,降低淋巴水肿的发生,还可增强身体免疫力,使身体尽早恢复健康,提高生活质量。     

乳腺癌康复者预防上肢淋巴水肿运动处方的设计与实施

目的 :介绍乳腺癌康复者预防上肢淋巴水肿运动处方的构建与实施效果。方法 :从乳腺癌术后康复者的角度,利用最新的肌肉淋巴引流泵功能原理,提倡主动和适度的患侧上肢功能锻炼,采用质性研究中的深度访谈和参与性观察法,开发了根植于康复者生活经验的肢体功能锻炼和保护措施,丰富了淋巴水肿的预防性运动康复干预措施和经验。遵循运动处方的设计原则,开发了一套为期12周的乳腺癌康复者预防上肢淋巴水肿的运动处方,包括力量训练处方、有氧运动处方和柔韧性运动处方。采用非随机分组的类实验研究,招募到106例乳腺癌术后康复者,其中干预组56例(包括13例已出现上肢淋巴水肿的患者),实施预防上肢淋巴水肿运动处方。对照组50例,实施常规健康宣教。采用上肢淋巴水肿发生率、上肢肌肉力量、心肺耐力等指标评价运动处方的实施效果。结果 :与对照组比较,干预组乳腺癌康复者没有新发生上肢淋巴水肿,其上肢肌肉力量和心肺耐力较实施前均提高;入组时已有上肢淋巴水肿的患者,其水肿症状有所消退。结论 :预防上肢淋巴水肿的运动处方干预能够提高乳腺癌康复者的肌肉力量和心肺耐力,降低上肢淋巴水肿的发生风险,同时促进淋巴水肿患者的肢体康复。     

有氧恢复操对乳腺癌术后预防患肢淋巴水肿及促进上肢功能恢复的影响

目的 通过有计划的指导训练乳腺癌术后患者的患肢功能锻炼,使她们在短时间内恢复手臂正常功能,降低患肢淋巴水肿的发生率,让其尽早恢复正常的生活和工作.方法 将120例乳腺癌改良根治术后患者随机分为对照组和实验组.2组均在术后第6天开始指导功能锻炼,对照组行常规乳腺癌术后护理并嘱其按时功能锻炼,实验组除行常规乳腺癌术后护理外并教其做有氧恢复操[1].结果 实验组恢复时间平均43.3 d,淋巴水肿轻度3例,中度0例,自我评价满意.对照组恢复时间平均61.7 d,其中淋巴水肿轻度17例,中度6例.结论 通过有氧恢复操可以帮助患者尽早恢复患肢功能,降低淋巴水肿的发生,还可增强身体免疫力,使身体尽早恢复健康,提高生活质量.     

淋巴水肿综合消肿治疗在乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿治疗中的应用

目的探讨采用淋巴水肿综合消肿治疗方法对乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的干预效果。方法选取2015年1月~2016年6月本院13例乳腺癌术后继发上肢淋巴水肿患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受了淋巴水肿综合消肿治疗,即沿淋巴回流方向和途径手法轻柔的按压和按摩体表(包括锁骨上、腋窝、腹股沟)淋巴系统,配合低弹性绷带包扎、皮肤护理和功能锻炼。采用测量上肢周径的方法检验治疗效果。结果经过1~2个疗程的治疗,13例患者患侧上肢的水肿均有不同程度的减轻,表现为患侧上肢周径的显著缩小(P0.05)。结论淋巴水肿综合消肿治疗有效地促进了滞留组织淋巴水肿的回流,既减轻了肢体的肿胀,又改善了患肢的外形,亦提高了患者的生活质量。     

降低乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿发生率之护理专案

目的本专案以"知信行模式"为理论指导,对乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿的管理进行持续质量改进,提高术后患者淋巴水肿的认知水平,提高患者功能锻炼和日常生活行为的正确性,降低术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生率,提高生活质量。方法选取2015年下半年在本科行乳腺癌手术的患者90例作为对照组,按护理常规护理。选取2016年上半年在本科行乳腺癌手术的患者92例作为观察组,实施护理专案。两组病例的纳入标准均为术中并行腋窝淋巴结(Ⅰ/Ⅱ站淋巴结)清扫术的乳腺癌患者。结果乳腺癌术后半年内的患者上肢淋巴水肿发生率由2015年下半年的11.1%下降至2016年上半年的5.4%。结论运用护理专案能有效地降低乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的护理干预及效果评价

目的探讨不同护理干预对乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者上肢水肿程度、患肢感染及肢体功能恢复的效果方法将280例乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者按水肿发生时间先后分为常规组及干预组,每组140例。常规组按常规护理;干预组给予手部皮肤护理、手法促淋巴回流、多层绷带加压包扎、配合呼吸运动进行手功能主、被动锻炼,抬高患肢、教育干预等。对2组患者护理效果、双上肢周径差值、患肢感染及上肢功能恢复情况进行比较。结果常规组上肢水肿护理总有效率89.3%,干预组上肢水肿护理总有效率99.3%,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。常规组轻、中度水肿患者,干预组轻、中、重度水肿患者护理干预后上肢周径差值均低于护理干预前（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。干预组手功能恢复优秀率为82.1%,未出现患肢感染;常规组手功能恢复优秀率为49.3%,患肢感染发生率8.6%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论手部皮肤护理、手法促淋巴回流、多层绷带加压包扎、配合呼吸运动进行手功能主被动锻炼、抬高患肢、教育干预等综合护理干预能有效地改善乳腺癌早期发现的上肢淋巴水肿症状,促进上肢功能恢复,控制患肢皮肤感染发生。     

乳腺癌术后放疗期间上肢淋巴水肿的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预减轻乳腺癌患者术后放疗期间患侧上肢淋巴水肿的效果.方法将60例患者随机分成对照组(常规护理)和实验组(常规护理+向心性按摩+八段锦锻炼),每组30例.比较2组患者在放疗前和放疗结束1个月末淋巴水肿发展程度及患侧上肢功能康复情况.结果实验组患者淋巴水肿发展程度明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).实验组患者患肢功能康复情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论乳腺癌术后伴有患侧上肢淋巴水肿患者放疗期间采用向心性按摩加八段锦锻炼,配合积极有效常规护理能有效预防水肿进一步发展,促进患侧上肢功能恢复.     

乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生因素分析与护理

目的探讨乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生因素,并提出针对性的护理措施。方法 2011年7月-2015年2月选择在我院诊治的早期乳腺癌女性患者150例,给予腋窝淋巴清扫手术治疗,观察与记录术后3个月上肢淋巴水肿发生情况,积极调查与随访患者的病历资料;上肢淋巴水肿患者都给予肢体气压与功能锻炼干预,周期为14 d。结果 150例患者术后发生上肢淋巴水肿20例,发生率为13.3%,Logistic回归统计学分析显示,放疗、术后切口延迟愈合、术后上肢功能锻炼和合并高血压是导致上肢淋巴水肿发生的主要影响因素(P0.05)。上肢淋巴水肿20例患者给予针对性护理后,疼痛评分(1.87±0.45)分,明显下降,上臂差值(1.19±0.40)cm,明显增加,而前臂差值(0.73±0.72)cm,明显降低,与护理前对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。护理后上肢淋巴水肿患者的生理状况、社会/家庭状况、情感状况和功能状况评分都明显高于护理前(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生率较高,主要发生因素包括放疗、术后切口延迟愈合、术后上肢功能锻炼和合并高血压,积极有针对性的护理能改善水肿状况与缓解疼痛,从而提高生存质量。     

皮硝外敷联合空气波压力治疗乳腺癌术后上肢水肿的临床观察

目的探讨皮硝外敷联合空气波压力治疗乳腺癌患者术后上肢水肿的应用效果。方法将40例乳腺癌术后患侧上肢淋巴水肿患者随机分为对照组及干预组,各20例。对照组行常规护理,包括局部清洁、抬高患肢、肢体锻炼、佩戴弹力袖套等;干预组在常规护理基础上,给予皮硝外敷联合空气波压力治疗。对比2组干预前后双上肢周径差值、肿胀程度和疼痛改善情况。结果干预后2组上肢周径差值均较治疗前降低(P0.01),且干预组改善更为显著(P0.01)。干预组肿胀和疼痛改善有效率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论皮硝外敷联合空气波压力治疗能有效改善乳腺癌患者术后患侧上肢水肿症状,减低疼痛程度。     

Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders

Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders such as DeQuervain's tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rotator cuff tendonitis have become increasingly common among working people in the United States. Extensive epidemiological investigation indicates that the adverse ergonomic exposures of force, repetition, vibration and certain postures are risk factors for development of many of these disorders. Assessment of patients with possible work-related upper limb disorders requires eliciting information about the illness, performing an examination about the illness, and obtaining information about adverse ergonomic exposures on and off from work. Treatment can only be successful when exposure to adverse ergonomic risk factors is reduced or eliminated.     

The military upper extremity amputee

Throughout the course of military history, soldiers have continued to sustain amputation injuries during war times and during peacetime and training missions. What has changed over time is the etiology of, indication for, and management of the amputations. Technology has advanced significantly, often with some military connection. More work still needs to be done, especially in the areas of greater prosthetic limb function and usage as well as phantom pain and sensation management. Collaborative efforts among physiatrists, surgeons, prosthetists, and therapists can only benefit the patient.     

Crush injuries of the upper extremity

Massive open wounds are treated conservatively to preserve all viable tissue. Closed crush injuries may require extensive fasciolysis and debridement to treat compartment syndrome. Meticulous cleansing is the primary treatment for open injuries. Compartment syndrome occurs when intracompartmental pressure impairs capillary function and jeopardizes tissue viability. Rhabdomyolysis associated with crush injuries may lead to renal failure.     

Vascular injuries of the upper extremity

Vascular injuries of the upper extremity represent approximately 30% to 50% of all peripheral vascular injuries. The majority of injuries are to the brachial artery, and 90% of injuries are due to penetrating trauma. Return of function is often related to concomitant injury to peripheral nerves. However, timely restoration of blood flow is essential to optimize outcome. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and limited Doppler ultrasonography. Arteriography may be helpful if there are multiple sites of injury. Anticoagulation with heparin should be given if not otherwise contraindicated. Revascularization should be completed within the critical ischemic time: 4 hours for proximate injuries and 12 hours for distal injuries. Revascularization methods include resection and primary repair or resection with an interposition graft. The sequence of repair of multiple injuries to the extremity begins with arterial revascularization followed by skeletal stabilization and nerve and tendon repair.     

Entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity

Entrapment neuropathies occur in a number of different but predictable locations in the upper extremity. These neuropathies can produce a spectrum of sensory and motor deficits in the hand and upper extremity. A careful clinical examination in conjunction with electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies can usually delineate peripheral nerve dysfunction. Prognosis depends on the degree of nerve injury, which is related to both the cause and the duration of the entrapment.