A systematic examination of the use of Online social networking sites for sexual health promotion

Background

In recent years social networking sites (SNSs) have grown rapidly in popularity. The popularity of these sites, along with their interactive functions, offer a novel environment in which to deliver health promotion messages. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which SNSs are currently being used for sexual health promotion and describe the breadth of these activities.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of published scientific literature, electronic sources (general and scientific search engines, blogs) and SNSs (Facebook, MySpace) to identify existing sexual health promotion activities using SNSs. Health promotion activities were eligible for inclusion if they related to sexual health or behaviour, utilised one or more SNSs, and involved some element of health promotion. Information regarding the source and type of health promotion activity, target population and site activity were extracted.

Results

178 sexual health promotion activities met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review; only one activity was identified through a traditional systematic search of the published scientific literature. Activities most commonly used one SNS, were conducted by not-for-profit organisations, targeted young people and involved information delivery. Facebook was the most commonly used SNS (used by 71% of all health promotion activities identified), followed by MySpace and Twitter. Seventy nine percent of activities on MySpace were considered inactive as there had been no online posts within the past month, compared to 22% of activities using Facebook and 14% of activities using Twitter. The number of end-users and posts in the last seven days varied greatly between health promotion activities.

Conclusions

SNSs are being used for sexual health promotion, although the extent to which they are utilised varies greatly, and the vast majority of activities are unreported in the scientific literature. Future studies should examine the key factors for success among those activities attracting a large and active user base, and how success might be measured, in order to guide the development of future health promotion activities in this emerging setting.

     

“最佳实践”模式在深圳市流动人口生殖健康服务中的应用

目的:介绍"最佳实践"模式在深圳市流动人口生殖健康服务中的应用情况,丰富其理论运用,促进"最佳实践"模式在生殖健康服务领域的推广。方法:研究对象为沙井镇计划生育服务系统以及在本地居住1个月以上非本市户籍流动人口。主要包括现状需求分析、实施干预、结果评估。采用定性访谈和定量问卷分析,现场调查采用等比例分层抽样方法,对数据进行统计分析。结果:实施"最佳实践"模式,提高了流动人口的生殖健康水平,优化了计划生育服务质量,改进了计划生育管理工作模式。结论:以社区健康服务体系为基础,在流动人口中继续开展生殖健康服务,进一步推广实施流动人口生殖健康"最佳实践"模式。     

Relationship between utilization of health notebooks and the elderly population rate among Japanese municipal governments

OBJECTIVE: Health conditions are changing rapidly in aging societies and an essential health service by municipal governments is to promote the utilization of health notebooks in support of the health of individuals. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between utilization of health notebooks and rates for elderly among Japanese municipal governments. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Questionnaires on the utilization of health notebooks were mailed to all 3,255 municipal governments in Japan. The 2,445 that filled in all items on the questionnaire were enrolled in this study. Questions concerned opportunities for utilizing health notebooks when residents received health education/guidance, health examinations, home visits, or welfare service. If they answered "Frequent use" for these opportunities, one point was given. Furthermore, if they answered that they filled in the results of residents' health examination into health notebooks, one point was given. If a municipal government got 4 points or more, this municipality was classified as "health notebooks frequently used". RESULTS: The percentage of municipalities defined as "health notebooks frequently used" was higher among municipal governments with a high rate of elderly residents than with a lower rate. The odds ratio for being classified as "health notebooks frequently used" was higher among municipal government with high rates for the elderly and public health nurses per elderly person than with low rates. CONCLUSION: With increase in the percentage of elderly residents, municipal governments need to promote their health services in support of residents' health. To improve the utilization of health notebooks, municipalities should increase the number of public health nurses.     

军校独生子女学员心理健康状况研究

目的 评定军校独生子女学员心理健康状况,为军校心理健康教育提供依据。方法 用SCL－90量表对军队高校学员12616人（其中独生子女2051人）进行测试。结果 军校独生子女学员心理健康水平低于普通高校独生子女,军校独生子女学员心理健康水平高于非独生子女,男性的这种差异更明显,在军校独生子女学员中,女生比男生更容易出现焦虚和恐怖倾向,农村生比城镇生更容易出现强迫,人际敏感和精神生倾向,男生的这种倾向更明显。农村女生比城镇女生更容易出现躯体化倾向。影响军校独生子女心理健康的主要因素是学员任务导致的心理压力,家庭教育,性别角色社会化和城乡环境。结论 军校应重视心理健康教育,在教育中必须考虑到不同学员的心理健康状况。     

Consumers of health information and health care: challenging assumptions and defining alternatives

The end of the 20th century saw a sea of change in the view of individuals in relation to their health and health care. The term "consumer" began to be used to describe myriad new roles and responsibilities for lay people who receive health services and who are often the target of health promotion and disease prevention interventions. This article (1) describes how the term "consumer" is used by various stakeholders in the health care sector; (2) specifies the assumptions that underlie the notion that a "new" kind of health care consumer can (and should) have a significant effect on their own health and on the health care system; (3) challenges the evidence base of these assumptions, noting that many are either unsupported or clearly contradicted by what we know; (4) articulates a set of principles to inform an alternative, more productive, and feasible role for individuals with respect to their health and health care; and (5) identifies the implications of those principles for health promotion and health care professionals in the 21st century.     

世界卫生组织健康调查资料的结构方程模型

目的 探索2002年世界卫生组织(WHO)健康调查数据中,人群自述健康水平、实际健康水平、社会人口学特征、危险因素之间的潜在关系,及各调查指标对自述健康和自述健康对实际健康水平的影响程度.方法 数据来源于WHO提供的2002年包含印度、巴西、布基纳法索、匈牙利、尼泊尔、俄罗斯、西班牙、突尼斯、越南等9个国家在内的健康调查数据(包括自我评价部分和健康情景部分)(29 971例).本研究利用健康情景资料对自我评价资料进行校正和消除切点位移偏倚后,用自我评价资料构建自述健康水平、实际健康水平、社会人口学特征、危险因素之间关系的结构方程模型.结果 最终结构方程模型:实际健康水平=0.80×自述健康水平+(-0.04)×社会人口学特征+(-0.08)×危险因素(R2=0.66),自述健康水平=(-0.70)×社会人口学特征+0.10×危险因素(R2=0.55);自述健康水平对实际健康水平的标准化总效应达0.80,人口学特征对自述健康水平和实际健康水平的标准化总效应分别为-0.70与-0.60;自述健康水平的16项指标含8个维度,按照对其影响程度由大到小依次为:活动能力、疼痛不适、睡眠情况、认知、情绪、自理能力、视觉能力、交际活动能力.结论 实际健康水平与自述健康水平之间、自述健康水平与社会人口学特征之间均有较强的线性关系,自述健康水平对实际健康水平有较大影响,2002年WHO健康调查所用16项指标在人群健康评价中占有重要的地位.     

Differences in self-reported health among Asians, Latinos, and non-Hispanic whites: the role of language and nativity

PURPOSE: Self-reported overall health (SROH) is often used to compare the health status of multi-ethnic populations in the United States. SROH may not be comparable across cultural groups. We assessed if differences in SROH between non-Hispanic whites (NHW), Latinos, and Asians were explained primarily by differences in socioeconomic status (SES) or language and nativity. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data on 36,660 NHW, 9399 Latinos, 1298 Chinese, 944 Filipinos, 803 Koreans, 857 Vietnamese, and 1036 "other Asians" from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: Compared with NHW, all ethnic groups were less likely to report "excellent" or "very good" health. Latinos, Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, and Vietnamese were also more likely to report "fair" or "poor" health. Adjusting for SES attenuated these differences for Latinos but did not explain the effect of being Asian on SROH. Among all ethnicities, individuals with limited English proficiency had worse SROH than individuals who were English-proficient. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in SROH between Asians and NHW do not appear to be mediated by SES and may be due to different perceptions of health that are rooted in culture and language. There remains a need for health status measures less susceptible to cultural bias in Asian and Latino populations.     

参与式健康教育模式对中职护生健康素养提升效果评估

评价参与式健康教育和传统发放宣传材料2种不同方法对中职护生健康素养干预效果,为制定更有效的健康素养提升措施提供依据.方法 于2017年10月9日-12月10日采用分层多阶段随机抽样法在大同市某中职卫校选择护理专业二年级学生173名进行随机对照试验,实验组(92名)采用参与式健康教育,对照组(81名)采用传统的健康教育,分别干预2个月.采用"2016年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷",分别在干预前、后对实验组和对照组进行问卷调查.结果 护生总健康素养平均得分对照组干预前、后分别为(36.04±9.43)(36.01±10.17)分,实验组干预前、后分别为(35.78±8.91)(49.53±13.53)分,两组干预前差异无统计学意义(t=0.18,P=0.86),干预后差异有统计学意义(t=-6.93,P=0.00);对照组干预前、后差异无统计学意义(t=0.03,P=0.98);实验组干预前、后差异有统计学意义(t=-11.36,P=0.00).总健康素养水平对照组干预前后分别为3.70%,4.94%,实验组干预前后分别为4.35%,45.65%,两组干预前差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P=1.00),干预后差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.58,P=0.00).干预后总健康素养增量对照组和实验组分别为(-0.02±7.52)(12.75±10.77)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.93,P=0.00);对照组和实验组健康素养水平增量分别为1.24%,41.30%.结论 参与式健康教育模式比传统健康教育方法对提高健康素养的效果更显著,可对其他专业的学生进行干预实验,验证该健康教育模式的效果.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间荆州地区居民心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间荆州地区居民的心理健康状况,探讨相关影响因素。方法于2020年2月10—15日应用微信小程序“问卷星”对荆州地区16~65岁的常住居民收集社会人口学资料,采用12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)调查居民心理健康状况,采用二分类多因素Logistic回归模型分析心理健康状况的影响因素。结果共收集967份有效问卷,其中GHQ-12量表总分≥4分的问卷共285份,心理问题检出率为29.47%,排名前三位的依次是“由于过分担心而失眠”,占26.27%;“感觉到痛苦、忧虑”,占24.10%;“常常觉得很紧张”,占23.78%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,疑似患者(OR=87.74)、隔离观察者(OR=11.81)、独居(OR=5.79)、有亲属感染(OR=2.93)、确定接触COVID-19患者(OR=2.95)、居家人数6人及以上(OR=2.87)、不确切接触COVID-19患者(OR=1.86)被纳入最后回归模型,为居民出现心理问题危险因素。结论COVID-19流行期间荆州地区居民出现较多心理健康问题,应重点关注疫情期间居家隔离居民的心身健康,普及防控知识,制定和完善心理危机干预政策和措施。     

Meta-analysis of factors related to health services that predict treatment default by tuberculosis patients

The identification of factors that predict tuberculosis (TB) treatment default can help control this problem. The current study used a systematic review to investigate associations between TB treatment default and previously studied factors related to health services. Abstracts were searched in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases and in the bibliography of the full texts under evaluation. Studies were included if TB treatment default was evaluated by comparing two or more groups and data could be extracted. A total of 41 studies were included for combining data. It was possible to combine five exposures: "difficult access to health services"; "need for hospitalization"; "training or support for adherence"; "delay in initiating treatment"; "long wait before medical attendance". "Difficult access to health services", "training or support for adherence", and "need for hospitalization" were associated with TB treatment default. All exposures demonstrated heterogeneity, which was only explained in one. Publication bias was only detected for one exposure.     

Exploring health promoting lifestyle behaviors of Japanese college women: perceptions, practices, and issues

The purpose of this study was to explore health promoting lifestyle behaviors (HPLBs) of college women in Japan. In addition, perceived health status and concerns were evaluated. The methods used were both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data from focus groups with 38 Japanese college women were used to develop a questionnaire. Subsequently, 546 randomly selected college women responded to the mailed survey (response rate 54%). Forty percent of the college women respondents perceived themselves as "rather unhealthy" or "unhealthy." The investigator conclude that (1) perceived HPLBs, health status, and health concerns were mutually associated, thus, to increase perceived health status and/or decrease perceived health concerns, promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors must be considered; (2) the number of perceived motives or cues and the number of perceived health concerns of importance to college women must be considered to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.     

Role of childhood health in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the contribution of childhood health to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in health in early adult life. DESIGN: Retrospective data were used, which were obtained from a postal survey in the baseline of a prospective cohort study (the Longitudinal Study on Socio-Economic Health Differences in the Netherlands). Adult socioeconomic status was indicated by educational level, while health was indicated by perceived general health. Childhood health was measured by self reported periods of severe disease in childhood. Relations were analysed using logistic regression models. The reduction in odds ratios of "less than good" perceived general health for different educational groups after adjustment for childhood health was used to estimate the contribution of childhood health. SETTING: The population of the city of Eindhoven and surroundings in the south east of the Netherlands in 1991. PARTICIPANTS: 2511 respondents, aged 25-34 years, men and women, of Dutch nationality, were included in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: There was a clear association between childhood health and adult health, as well as an association between childhood health and adult socioeconomic status. Approximately 5% to 10% of the increased risk of the lower socioeconomic groups of having a "less than good" perceived general health can be explained by childhood health. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood health contributes to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health. Although this contribution is not very large, it cannot be ignored and has to be interpreted largely in terms of selection on health.

 

     

Validity of the Health Profile-Types of the Spanish Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE)

Objective:  To develop and validate a simplified, easy to interpret scoring system based on the health profile-types taxonomy for the Spanish version of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE).
Methods:  The CHIP-AE was administered to a 1453 Spanish adolescents. Hierarchic and nonhierarchical cluster analyses, as well as conceptual considerations, were used to identify exhaustive, mutually exclusive health profile-types based in four CHIP-AE domain scores: Satisfaction, Discomfort, Resilience, and Risks. Validity of the health profile-types was assessed by testing expected differences among adolescents according to sex, age, socioeconomic status, and self-reported conditions. Logistic models were built.
Results:  A total of 13 health profile-types (10 that best fitted the data and three additional considered conceptually necessary) were identified. The largest group of adolescents was in the "Excellent health" or "Good health" types (43.4%), although 11.2% were in the "Worst health" profile. According to a priori hypotheses, being a girl (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.26–2.60), older age (OR = 1.80; 1.26–2.57), and self-reported recurrent (OR = 2.49; 1.72–3.60) and psychosocial disorders (OR = 4.38; 2.92–6.56) were associated to the likelihood of a "Worst health" profile-type.
Conclusions:  The Spanish CHIP-AE health profile-types offer a simplified method to describe adolescents' patterns of health, which is valid and similar to the original US taxonomy. This can facilitate interpreting the instrument scores and using it for needs assessment, although additional research is required.     

Prediction of Health Utility Scores in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-Hepatitis C Version (CLDQ-HCV)

Background

Preference-based health utilities are used in economic analyses of disease burden and health care interventions. When specifically designed instruments cannot be applied, mapping algorithms for non–preference-based instruments can be used for prediction of health utility scores.

中文网站中关于新型冠状病毒肺炎信息质量评估

目的 以“新冠”为例,探讨“互联网+”背景下中国医疗卫生信息网站在突发公共卫生事件中的作用及其信息质量评价,为互联网健康医疗服务的新模式的构建以及突发公共卫生事件的网络宣教及诊疗提供借鉴。方法 以关键词“新型冠状病毒肺炎”、“COVID-19”、“新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗”分别进入两个最常见的中文搜索引擎:百度、360导航,参照国家卫生健康委员会发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（第八版）》对信息的完整性及准确性进行评估,对相关网站的属性、服务模式及可读性进行分析。结果 访问了300个链接,共获得14家网站,具有5个不同属性,其网站服务模式以“信息中心类”为主,部分兼容了“信息产品类”“信息知识类”服务模式,发布的相关内容质量评估较差,可读性较差。结论 中国医疗卫生信息网站中关于新型冠状病毒肺炎信息的评估总体较差,普通民众不能在网络获取相对全面、可读性较强的健康信息。我国需要积极探索互联网+医疗信息服务新模式,建立一套符合中国国情的、多维度、多视角的卫生健康信息标准体系。     

Mode differences in a mixed-mode health interview survey among adults

Background

Health interview surveys are important data sources for empirical research in public health. However, the diversity of methods applied, such as in the mode of data collection, make it difficult to compare results across surveys, time, or countries. The aim of this study was to explore whether the prevalence rates of health-related indicators amongst adults differ when self-administered paper mail questionnaires (SAQ-Paper), self-administered web surveys (SAQ-Web), and computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) are used for data collection in a health survey.

Methods

Data were obtained from a population-based mixed-mode health interview survey of adults in Germany carried out within the ‘German Health Update’ (GEDA) study. Data were collected either by SAQ-Paper (n?=?746), SAQ-Web (n?=?414), or CATI (n?=?411). Predictive margins from logistic regression models were used to estimate the prevalence rates of chronic conditions, subjective health, mental health, psychosocial factors, and health behaviours, adjusted for the socio-demographic characteristics of each mode group.

Results

Socio-demographic characteristics were found to differ significantly between study participants who responded by SAQ-Paper, SAQ-Web, and CATI. Crude prevalence rates for health-related indicators also showed significant variation across all three survey modes. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors though, significant differences in prevalence rates between the two self-administered modes (SAQ-Paper and SAQ-Web) were found in only 2 out of the 19 health-related indicators studied. The differences between CATI and the two self-administered modes remained significant however, especially for indicators of mental and psychosocial health and self-reported sporting activity.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that prevalence rates obtained from health interview surveys can vary with the mode of data collection, primarily between interviewer and self-administered modes. Hence, the type of survey mode used should be considered when comparing results from different health surveys. Mixing self-administered modes, such as paper-based questionnaires and web surveys, may be a combination to minimize mode differences in mixed-mode health interview surveys.

     

Consequences of different types of informal caregiving for mental,self-rated,and physical health: longitudinal findings from the German Ageing Survey

Purpose

This study aims at extending current knowledge on consequences of informal caregiving by analyzing the influence of different caregiving types on mental, physical, and self-rated health longitudinally.

Methods

Data from wave 2008, 2011, and 2014 of the nationally representative German Ageing Survey were used, drawing on 16,412 observations aged 40–95 years in fixed effects (FE) regression analyses. Three informal caregiving types (helping around the house, looking after someone, nursing care services), which we used as explanatory variables and four health outcomes (depressive symptoms, self-rated health, pulmonary function, and morbidity), were assessed with structured interviews and written questionnaires. FE regression analysis was used for our calculations.

Results

Results revealed that none of the caregiving types was significantly associated with pulmonary function or morbidity. However, helping around the house and looking after someone were significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms. Additionally, all three types of informal caregiving were significantly associated with decreased self-rated health.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the impact of care on health differs. First, it differs in dependence on the health outcome focused; only mental and self-rated health are negatively associated with care. Second, the impact depends on the caregiving type performed. This knowledge might help to develop support options which are specific to the caregiving type and the health aspects in order to reduce negative health consequences.