福辛普利对原发性高血压患者肾功能和左室肥厚的影响

目的探讨福辛普利对原发性高血压肾功能和左室肥厚的影响。方法应用无创性动态血压监测仪监测原发性高血压病患者24h血压的变化,并测定血、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿微量白蛋白(MCA)、肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN),彩色多普勒显像仪测量室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(PWT)和左室舒张末期内径(LVDd),并计算左室质量指数(LVMI)。比较治疗前后以上各指标的变化。结果治疗后24h血压及昼夜血压均低于治疗前(P<0.01);治疗后IVST、PWT和LVMI均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后血尿β2-MG及尿MCA水平低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论福辛普利在有效降低血压的同时,对高血压病患者心肾功能的损害可起到保护作用。     

卡维地洛改善或逆转高血压心脏病患者心室重塑临床效果的研究

目的探讨卡维地洛对高血压心脏病患者血压、心率的改善和逆转心室重塑的临床效果。方法将90例原发性高血压心脏病且左室肥厚的患者随机分为观察组与对照组,各组各45例。对照组予以美托洛尔治疗,观察组予以卡维地洛治疗,疗效均为6个月。于治疗前后评价两组患者的血压、心率、心电图和超声心动图变化,记录不良反应。结果治疗后,两组患者SBP、DBP、HR均较治疗前降低,且观察组SBP、DBP、HR均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗前后对照组患者的IVST、PWT、LVD、LVMI水平无明显改变(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组IVST、PWT、LVMI水平均较治疗前降低,且低于对照组治疗后水平;但LVD未见显著性变化(P>0.05)。两组副作用发生率分别为4.44%、6.67%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论卡维地洛治疗高血压心脏病具有较好的临床疗效,不仅有效控制了血压和心率,更逆转了心室重塑,且具有较高的安全性,可能是高血压心脏病患者比较优化、有效、安全的临床治疗方案之一,值得临床推广应用。     

缬沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗原发性高血压左室肥厚

目的 观察缬沙坦联合美托洛尔治疗原发性高血压左室肥厚的作用.方法 86例原发性高血压左室肥厚者随机分为2组:治疗组每天服缬沙坦80mg,美托洛尔25g Bid;对照组每天服非洛地平5mg,美托洛尔25mg Bid,平均6个月,观察用药后血压、左室结构的变化.结果 用药后2组收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)均显著降低(P<0.05);室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)均变薄(P<0.05);左室重量指标(LVWT)明显减少(P<0.05),对照组各项指标无明显变化(P<0.05).结论 在无冠心病证据的原发性高血压左室肥厚的患者中,长期应用缬沙坦具有良好的降压效果,同时还可逆转LVH,降低心脏事件发生.     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者尿微量蛋白的变化对肾功能的影响

目的探讨尿微量蛋白如α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、微量白蛋白(mAlb)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄苷酶(NAG)对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肾脏损害的早期诊断价值。方法以60例健康青壮年和健康老年人为正常对照组,95例慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)根据是否合并呼吸衰竭分为2组。所有受试者留晨尿10ml离心,收集上清液,检测尿四项微量蛋白和NAG。结果老年组尿α1-MG、β2-MG与健康青壮年对照组有差异(P<0.05),其余各项指标无差异(P>0.05);单纯COPD组患者,尿α1-MG、β2-MG、mAlb与健康青壮年对照组和老年组有显著性差异(P<0.01),尿NAG和IgG尿和IgG与上述两组无显著性差异(P>0.05);COPD合并呼吸衰竭组患者,尿NAG和α1-MG、β2-MG、mAlb、IgG与其余三组组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论尿微量蛋白和NAG可作为慢性阻塞性肺病肾脏损害的早期诊断指标。     

卡维地洛与美托洛尔改善高血压心脏病患者心室重塑的疗效对比

目的对比卡维地洛与美托洛尔两种不同类型的β-受体阻滞剂对高血压心脏病患者心室重塑的影响。方法将92例高血压心脏病患者随机分成2组，在常规治疗的基础上，分别口服卡维地洛（A组，46例）和美托洛尔（B组，46例）。应用超声心动图分别在治疗前、治疗6个月及12个月测量室间隔厚度（IVS），左室后壁厚度（IVPW），左室重量指数（LVMI），左室球径指数（LVGI）。结果治疗6个月时，两组LVMI，LVGI较治疗前明显减少，A组较B组减少更显著；治疗12个月时，两组IVS，IVPW，LVMI，LVGI均较治疗前显著改善，A组与B组比较，IVPW，LVMI，LVGI差异有显著性。结论卡维地洛在改善心室重塑方面较美托洛尔更显著。     

替米沙坦联合非洛地平治疗原发性高血压左心室肥厚的临床观察

目的:观察替米沙坦联合非洛地平治疗原发性高血压左心室肥厚的作用。方法:86例原发性高血压合并左心室肥厚的患者随机分成2组,治疗组(n=43)给以替米沙坦联合非洛地平治疗,对照组(n=43)单用非洛地平治疗。2组均给药30周后,观测收缩压、舒张压、心率、左心室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)和左心室重量指数(LVMI)的变化。结果:治疗30周后,治疗组与对照组的收缩压、舒张压均较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.01),两组的IVST、LVPWT、LVDd及LVMI均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05或0.01);治疗后,治疗组的收缩压、舒张压较对照组明显下降(P<0.01),IVST、LVPWT、LVDd及LVMI也较对照组有明显下降(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:替米沙坦联合非洛地平不仅能有效控制高血压,而且能够逆转高血压引起的左心室肥厚。     

氨氯地平和培哚普利治疗原发性高血压效果及对左心室重构的影响

目的探索血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂培哚普利与钙拮抗剂氨氯地平单独及联合应用对原发性高血压病患者的降压疗效及对左心室重构的影响。方法89例高血压患者随机分成3组:氨氯地平组29例;培哚普利组30例,联合用药组30例均治疗24周。治疗前后用超声心动图测量左心室重构的各项参数及血液动力学指标。结果3组治疗后收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)明显降低(P<0.01),联合治疗组下降明显(P<0.01或0.05)。二尖瓣E/A峰速度比值明显升高;舒张末期左室内径(LVDd)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室心肌重量(LVM)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室心肌重量指数(LVMI)均显著下降(P<0.01),而联合治疗组改善更明显(P<0.01或0.05)。结论氨氯地平和培哚普利联用可有效降低血压,同时改善左室重构。     

培哚普利联合卡维地洛治疗高血压左心室肥厚

目的探讨培哚普利和卡维地洛联合应用逆转高血压左心室肥厚的效果。方法将156例高血压病(EH)合并左心室肥厚(LVH)患者随机分为培哚普利治疗组(77例,A组)和培哚普利 卡维地洛治疗组(79例,B组)。A组每日口服培哚普利2～8mg。B组每日口服培哚普利2～8mg和卡维地洛12.5～25mg。依血压高低增减剂量。两组患者均于入选前,治疗后12个月时,由二维超声心动图测定室间隔厚度(LVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、计算左室心肌重量指数(LVMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO),测二尖瓣舒张期血液A/E比值,进行统计分析。结果两组患者经12个月后的治疗,左心室肥厚程度均较治疗前减轻;LVMI、LVDd、LVST和LVPWd降低,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);两组A/E比值减小(P均<0.05);CO和LVEF无明显变化,B组LVMI、LVD、LVPW较A组下降更明显(P均<0.05),A/E比值B组亦较A组减小更显著(P<0.05)。结论培哚普利与培哚普利联合卡维地洛均可显著减轻高血压病患者的左心室肥厚程度,改善左室舒张动能;培哚善利联合卡维地洛较单独应用效果更佳。     

氯沙坦对老年高血压者左室肥厚逆转及血浆内皮素水平的影响

目的 :了解氯沙坦对老年高血压性左室肥厚的逆转作用及对血浆内皮素 (ET)水平的影响。方法 :以 2 0例健康老年人为对照组 ,观察单纯高血压 32例 (EH组 )、高血压伴左室肥厚 2 6例 (LVH组 )在每日服氯沙坦 50mg前及 16wk后血压、ET的变化。用超声心动图观察LVH组在用药前后的左室舒张末期内径 (LVDd)、室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左室后壁厚度 (LVPWT)、左室重量 (LVM )、左室重量指数 (LVMI)的变化。结果 :经氯沙坦治疗后 ,EH组、LVH组的平均动脉压 (MAP)及ET水平有显著性下降 ;LVH组的ET水平与LVM ,LVMI呈正相关 ,LVH组在治疗后IVST ,LVPWT ,LVDd ,LVM ,LVMI亦有显著性下降。结论 :氯沙坦对老年高血压病人不仅有良好的降压效果 ,同时具有逆转LVH及降ET的作用     

卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗高血压的临床疗效比较

目的分析比较临床应用卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗高血压疗效。方法选取2010年5月至2011年4月来我院就诊的86例高血压患者,按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例,对照组给予美托洛尔治疗,观察组给予卡维地洛治疗,对两组患者用药后的临床疗效进行比较。结果治疗完成后,观察组患者治疗总有效率较对照组略高,但无明显差异(P>0.05),对血糖、血脂的改善程度也明显高于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论临床应用卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗高血压的疗效相当,卡维地洛较美托洛尔能对血糖、血脂有明显的改善作用。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil and sufentanil in rats and dogs

The excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil (ALF) and sufentanil (SUF), two recent analogues of the synthetic opioid fentanyl, were studied after single iv administration of the tritium-labeled drugs in male rats and dogs. The drugs were almost completely metabolized in the two species, which resulted in a large number of metabolites. The excretion of the metabolites was rapid and exceeded 95% within 4 days, except for that of ALF metabolites in dogs (about 85%). For ALF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine (73% in rats, about 76% in dogs) exceeded that with the feces. For SUF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine amounted to 38 and 60% and that with the feces to 62 and 40%, in rats and dogs, respectively. Bile-cannulated rats excreted 68% with the bile within 24 hr after SUF dosing, and about 22% of this biliary radioactivity was subjected to enterohepatic circulation. After an ALF dose, the biliary excretion amounted to 24%, and the enterohepatic circulation was minimal. The main metabolic pathways of the two drugs were the oxidative N-dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen and at the amide nitrogen, oxidative O-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and the formation of ether glucuronides. N-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (M6) was the main metabolite of both ALF and SUF in rats. In dogs, the glucuronide of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide (M5) was the main metabolite of ALF. After SUF dosing in dogs, N-[4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide was more abundant than M5.