颅骨多发性血管肉瘤一例

患者男, 51岁。因外伤检查头颅CT意外发现后颅 (颅骨来源)肿瘤,左侧枕骨鳞部呈相邻的两个膨胀性骨质破坏病灶,边缘清楚。头颅正侧位X片也见相应部位的骨质破坏区。磁共振成像(MRI)发现左侧枕骨鳞部及横窦上方枕骨、颞骨后部共 4处多发病灶 (图 1 ),最大者 4 5cm×3 0cm×2 5cm,最小者 2 4cm×1 5cm×0 5cm,表现为略长T1长T2信号,强化明显。诊断考虑为左枕、颞骨多发占位病变,脑膜瘤可能。保守治疗 (中药 )半年后复查,发现肿瘤较前有明显增大。遂于 2003年 7月 8日住入我科。体检:一般情况良好,颈枕部等未触及皮下肿块及浅表淋巴结肿…     

Amyloidoma of the skull base

Localized amyloid tumors of the central nervous system are rare. We present the case of a 59-year-old white man with a large expansile amyloidoma at the base of the skull. To our knowledge this is the second reported case of localized amyloid tumor involving the skull.     

Parosteal osteosarcoma of the skull

Parosteal osteosarcomas are well-differentiated, malignant, bone-forming tumours arising on the surface of the affected bone. They are rare, slowly growing tumours whose clinical behaviour and radiological and pathological appearances are vastly different from those of conventional osteosarcoma. We describe an extraordinary case of such a tumour arising from the skull vault.     

Cloverleaf skull and other malformations of the skull. Pathology and clinical aspect

Malformations of different parts of the cartilage results in achondrogenesis II, thanatophoric dwarfism and in metatropic dwarfism. Whether the base of the skull or the cranial-distal skeleton are affected, both together or separately, depends upon the localization of the defect within the cartilage. The different types of the cloverleaf syndrome are characterised by a defect of vessels and cartilage that affect the chondrocranium and the cranial-distal skeleton in different grades. The mal-development of the vessel-system is particularly marked in the upper back of the calotte.     

Low-grade central osteosarcoma of the skull

A case of low-grade central osteosarcoma of the skull in a 36-year-old male is described. A 10cm mass of the left temporo-occipital bone, which was incidentally found 6 years previously on the occasion of a head trauma, was osteolytic and osteoplastic, affecting soft tissues and the subdural space. The patient was treated with intralesional curettage. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by spindle cell proliferation with woven and lamellar bone formation, resembling fibrous dysplasia, parosteal osteosarcoma, low-grade fibrosarcoma, or desmoplastic fibroma. The spindle cells were fairly uniform with mild atypia and low-mitotic activity (3 per 50 high power fields), and cellularity varied from low to high. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this type of low-grade osteosarcoma of the skull and distinguish it from its mimics, including fibrous dysplasia, parosteal osteosarcoma, and low-grade fibrosarcoma. Careful microscopic correlation with radiographic findings is the clue to the correct diagnosis.     

Derivation of the mammalian skull vault

This review describes the evolutionary history of the mammalian skull vault as a basis for understanding its complex structure. Current information on the developmental tissue origins of the skull vault bones (mesoderm and neural crest) is assessed for mammals and other tetrapods. This information is discussed in the context of evolutionary changes in the proportions of the skull vault bones at the sarcopterygian-tetrapod transition. The dual tissue origin of the skull vault is considered in relation to the molecular mechanisms underlying osteogenic cell proliferation and differentiation in the sutural growth centres and in the proportionate contributions of different sutures to skull growth.     

Derivation of the mammalian skull vault

This review describes the evolutionary history of the mammalian skull vault as a basis for understanding its complex structure. Current information on the developmental tissue origins of the skull vault bones (mesoderm and neural crest) is assessed for mammals and other tetrapods. This information is discussed in the context of evolutionary changes in the proportions of the skull vault bones at the sarcopterygian-tetrapod transition. The dual tissue origin of the skull vault is considered in relation to the molecular mechanisms underlying osteogenic cell proliferation and differentiation in the sutural growth centres and in the proportionate contributions of different sutures to skull growth.     

钛网片在前颅底手术颅底重建中的美容作用

目的 探讨钛网片和带蒂颅骨膜在伴有较大颅底缺损的前颅底手术颅底重建术中的美容作用。方法 将钛网片放在折叠的具有良好血供的带蒂颅骨膜两层之间，对23例具有较大颅底缺损的患者进行颅底重建。结果 23例手术后无感染出现，无脑膜脑膨出，及局部塌陷，颅眶畸形得以矫正，容貌恢复满意，6例术后出现短时间脑脊液鼻漏，经腰穿和静脉预防性应用抗生素痊愈。结论 应用钛网片和血供良好的带蒂颅骨膜重建前颅底有很好的美容作用。     

Osteoma in the skull of a sheep

An osteoma located in the frontal bone and nasal cavity is described in a 4-year-old dairy sheep with respiratory difficulty and progressive emaciation. The mass was hard, formed by bone, and caused compression of the ethmoidal labyrinth. Microscopically, the tumour was characterized by trabeculae of woven bone, frequently coexisting with lamellar bone composed of fine fibres, lined by osteoblasts and surrounded by a fibrous stroma. A severe chronic inflammation was seen in the nasal mucosa. Differential diagnosis is discussed, particularly in relation to ossifying fibroma.     

Sex dimorphism in the skull of the cat

There are differences in the skull of male and female cats. The temporal line of each parietal bone which lies close up to the median in the male cat, is a laterally curved line in female cats and castrated males. The temporal line continues to the external crista of frontal bone and forms in this way with the other side a small parietal plane in the male, and a arched one in female and castrated males. This is possibly caused by a sex hormone dependent formation of temporal muscle.     

Porotic hyperostosis and the Gelligaer skull

The differential diagnosis of the bony lesions known as porotic hyperostosis found on a Bronze Age child's skull is discussed. Keith and Shattock gave an opinion in 1923 that the cause was rickets. A firm conclusion is not reached in this paper, but it is suggested that it was more likely to have been an iron-deficiency anaemia.     

Chondroblastoma of the skull and facial bones

A series of 30 chondroblastomas was reviewed: 21 had occurred in the lateral part of the temporal bone, 6 in the mandible, 1 in the parietal bone, and 2 in the region that included the temporal bone and mandible. Of the 30 patients in the series, 20 were males and 9 were females; the sex of 1 patient was not stated. The ages of 29 patients ranged from 2 years 11 months to 70 years (mean, 43.5 years). Radiologic findings were not suggestive of a specific diagnosis, although the lesions appeared to be benign. Histologically, most tumors were classic chondroblastomas. However, some showed aneurysmal bone cyst-like areas and nodules of epithelioid cells without chondroid differentiation. Conservative reexcisions were usually curative. Approximately half of the patients had recurrence after curettage.