曲古抑菌素A诱导HL-60细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨曲古抑菌素A(TSA)在体外诱导急性早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞凋亡的机制.方法:采用MTT方法检测TSA对HL-60细胞增殖的影响.流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bax、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达.结果:0.1μmol/L的TSA可明显抑制细胞增殖,P<0.01;0.05 μmol/L的TSA可使细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期(P<0.05),但0.1 μmol/L的TSA才能引起细胞凋亡(P<0.01);经0.1 μmol/L的TSA作用12 h后,Bax、Caspase-9和Caspase-3基因表达明显升高,P<0.01.结论:TSA诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的机制在于引起细胞周期阻滞,上调Bax、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达.     

曲古抑菌素A对人肝癌细胞增殖凋亡影响及其机制的探讨

目的:观察曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖凋亡及细胞周期的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:设TSA处理组和对照组。光镜观察细胞形态;噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测增殖抑制;流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化;RT-PCR法检测HDAC1mRNA的表达。结果:TSA处理组细胞增殖减慢,形态改变,增殖抑制作用呈明显剂量和时间依赖关系,同一浓度下,24h的抑制效果最佳;FCM检测结果显示,不同浓度TSA作用24h后,细胞凋亡率明显升高,早期凋亡率由8.72%升至18.22%(P=0.026),TSA处理后,G0/G1期细胞明显增加,由28.97%升至52.31%(P=0.043),S期细胞由26.01%升至34.28%(P=0.051),G2/M期细胞由45.02%降至13.41%(P=0.036),细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期;RT-PCR法检测结果显示,HDAC1mRNA的表达明显减少,由0.34±0.02降至(0.11±0.01),P=0.020。结论:TSA对SMMC-7721有显著的抑制增殖和诱导凋亡作用,其机制可能与抑制HDAC1的活性,下调HDAC1mRNA表达及阻滞细胞周期有关。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂对骨肉瘤MNNG/HOS细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylase inhibitor,HDACI)曲古抑霉素A(trichostatin A,TSA)对体外培养的骨肉瘤MNNG/HOS细胞凋亡的影响.方法:用50、100、200、300和500 nmol/L TSA分别作用体外培养的骨肉瘤MNNG/HOS细胞12、24和48 h,在透射电子显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,应用MTT、FCM和TUNEL法检测TSA对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响.结果:TSA具有抑制骨肉瘤MNNG/HOS细胞增殖的作用,并且随着TSA浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而增强(P＜0.01).FCM检测结果显示,与对照组比较,300 nmol/LTSA作用组G1期细胞减少,G2/M期细胞增加,细胞凋亡率增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TUNEL法检测结果显示,细胞凋亡指数随着TSA浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而上升,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).透射电子显微镜下观察发现,TSA作用后,凋亡的骨肉瘤细胞细胞质浓缩,并可见凋亡小体.结论:TSA可抑制体外培养的骨肉瘤MNNG/HOS细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,可能与G2/M期细胞周期阻滞有关.HDACI可能成为一种新的骨肉瘤治疗策略及抗肿瘤药物.     

Celecoxib对胆囊癌细胞GBC-SD增殖的抑制作用

目的研究Celecoxib对人胆囊癌细胞GBC-SD生长和凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法采用免疫细胞化学SABC法检测GBC-SD环氧合酶-2(Cox-2)蛋白表达,采用四唑氮蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期和凋亡,酶联免疫吸附试验(LISA)检测前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量.结果 Celecoxib可下调GBC-SD细胞Cox-2蛋白表达.Celecoxib抑制GBC-SD细胞增殖作用呈时间依赖性,作用2天后就有轻度抑制,第3、第4和第5天抑制作用已相当明显(P<0.05,与对照组相比),并且这种增殖抑制作用能被200 g/ml GE2拮抗.Celecoxib诱导GBC-SD细胞G1-S期阻滞,40 μmol/L(P<0.05)和20 μmol/L(P<0.05)Celecoxib组G0-G1 期细胞含量比对照组( μmol/L)明显增高,而S期和G2/M期细胞含量比对照组明显降低(P<0.05).40 μmol/L(P<0.05)和20 μmol/L(P<0.05)Celecoxib处理48 后GBC-SD细胞凋亡率明显上升.结论 Celecoxib通过Cox-2和PGE2途径抑制GBC-SD细胞生长和诱导凋亡.     

TSA诱导胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞周期阻滞与凋亡的研究

目的观察曲古抑菌素A(tricho-statin A,TSA)对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞增殖及凋亡的诱导作用,探讨TSA抗胰腺癌的作用机制。方法BxPC-3细胞应用TSA处理后采用流式细胞技术分析其细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,免疫组化方法检测细胞乙酰化组蛋白H4表达,Western blot分析p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达。结果TSA对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞具有生长抑制作用,且呈时间和剂量依赖性。TSA可将BxPC-3细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,TSA组G0/G1期细胞达(61.8±2.5)%,较空白对照组(42.5±2.2)%和乙醇对照组(47.3±3.4)%明显增多(P=0.004);三组细胞凋亡率分别为25.5%、5.5%和5.1%(P=0.000)。TSA组细胞p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达及其相关染色质乙酰化组蛋白H4表达上调。结论TSA对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞增殖和细胞周期具有影响作用并可诱导细胞凋亡,p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白及其相关染色质乙酰化组蛋白H4表达上调可能是其抗胰腺癌作用机制之一。     

三氧化二砷诱导卵巢癌OVCAR-3细胞周期阻滞及凋亡

目的探讨As2O3对卵巢癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及对细胞周期和凋亡的影响.方法采用MTT法及集落形成实验测定细胞的增殖活力,通过细胞形态学观察细胞分裂及凋亡,应用流式细胞仪进行细胞周期解析、凋亡及bcl-2蛋白表达的检测.结果As2O3呈剂量依赖性抑制OVCAR-3细胞增殖,抑制50%细胞生长的药物浓度(IC50)为2μmol/L.0.5～5μmol/L的As2O3作用7天,集落抑制率均在40%以上(P＜0.01).2μmol/L与5μmol/L的As2O3作用12 h后,细胞周期出现了G2/M期阻滞及亚二倍体凋亡峰,随着作用时间的延长,凋亡细胞随G2/M期细胞减少而逐渐增多.细胞形态学观察可见分裂期细胞及凋亡细胞明显增加.0.5～5μmol/L的As2O3均能下调bcl-2蛋白的表达.结论As2O3能够抑制卵巢癌OVCAR-3细胞的增殖,诱导M期阻滞及细胞凋亡.     

鱼藤素对淋巴瘤Daudi细胞株细胞增殖细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的观察鱼藤素对人Burkitt淋巴瘤Daudi细胞株细胞增殖、细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTY)法检测细胞增殖活性,Hoechst 33258染色和Annexin-V／PI双标法检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布,Western blot检测细胞内cyclin D1和pRb的蛋白表达。结果鱼藤素对Daudi细胞具有明显的增殖抑制作用,而对正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)抑制作用不明显。鱼藤素可以诱导Daudi细胞凋亡,Hoechst 33258染色可见典型凋亡小体。Annexin V／PI双标法显示,鱼藤素诱导细胞发生早期凋亡,并呈剂量依赖性,20、40、80 nmol／L鱼藤素作用24 h时,凋亡率分别为15．46％±0．62％、18．48％±2．98％和31．42％±1．43％。鱼藤素作用Daudi细胞后,主要使细胞周期聚积于G0／G1期,G0／G1期细胞比例随鱼藤素剂量增大而逐渐增高,40 nmol／L鱼藤素作用24 h达56．56％;相反,S期细胞比例随鱼藤素剂量增大而逐渐降低,对G2／M期细胞作用不明显。鱼藤素使cyclin D1及pRb蛋白表达降低,呈剂量依赖关系。结论鱼藤素抑制Daudi细胞增殖,使细胞阻滞于G0／G1期,并诱导细胞凋亡。其抗肿瘤机制可能与下调cyclin D1和pRb蛋白表达有关。     

丹参酮Ⅰ对人胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:研究丹参酮I(Tan I)对SGC-7901人胃腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法:体外培养SGC-7901细胞,实验分为对照组,5-FU250μg/ml,Tan I 0.5μg/ml,Tan I 1μg/ml,Tan I 2μg/ml,Tan I 4μg/ml。MTT法检测SCG-7901细胞增殖情况;Hoechst33258/PI双荧光活染法观察凋亡细胞核形态学改变;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布,免疫细胞化学SABC法检测SGC-7901人胃腺癌细胞中Bcl-2的表达。结果:Tan I对胃腺癌细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用;Tan I作用后胃腺癌细胞表现为凋亡特征性的形态改变;Tan I可浓度依赖性引起G1期细胞数量增多,S期细胞减少;Tan I作用组胃腺癌细胞Bcl-2表达明显减少。结论:TanI对体外培养的SGC-7901人胃腺癌细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,可通过促进其凋亡、影响细胞周期分布及抑制SGC-7901人胃腺癌细胞Bcl-2的表达发挥其抗肿瘤作用。     

9-顺式维甲酸诱导胃癌MGC803细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的作用机制

背景与目的:9-顺式维甲酸(9-cisretinoicacid,9-cisRA)对胃癌的抗癌活性及机制尚不清楚,本研究以MGC803为靶细胞观察9-cisRA对胃癌的作用。方法:采用RT-PCR法检测维甲类X受体α(recinoidXreceptor!,RXRα)、细胞周期蛋白CyclinD1和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK4mRNA表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,MTT实验检测9-cisRA作用MGC803细胞后生长抑制情况,Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测凋亡,免疫细胞化学检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果:0.1～10μmol/L9-cisRA作用MGC803细胞96h,能显著抑制细胞增殖。10μmol/L9-cisRA分别作用48、72和96h,G1期细胞随着作用时间的延长而增加,呈明显的G1期阻滞。作用72h后,细胞出现核染色质凝集、DNA片段化等凋亡特征;从作用48h开始,Bcl-2表达即显著下降。在MGC803细胞中RXRα表达较弱,经10μmol/L9-cisRA作用48h其表达水平显著增加(P<0.01);作用96h,细胞中CyclinD1和CDK4表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:9-cisRA能明显诱导MGC803细胞周期G1期阻滞和凋亡,该作用可能与其下调细胞周期因子CyclinD1和CDK4表达有关。     

雷帕霉素对人淋巴瘤Raji细胞株增殖影响及其机制的探讨

目的:探讨雷帕霉素(宜欣可)对人淋巴瘤细胞株Raji细胞体外增殖及细胞周期的影响,并分析其分子作用机制.方法:采用MTT法检测不同浓度(0、1、5、10、20、40、50和100 nmol/L)雷帕霉素作用不同时间(24、48和72 h)对Raji细胞增殖的影响.用流式细胞仪测定雷帕霉素对Raji细胞周期分布和凋亡的影响.应用蛋白质印迹法检测雷帕霉素对Raji细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、Cyclin A和p27及凋亡蛋白抑制因子Survivin蛋白表达的影响.结果:雷帕霉素浓度＞5 nmol/L对Raji细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05).且呈现明显的剂量-效应和时间-效应依赖关系.雷帕霉素处理后,可明显抑制Raji细胞周期发展(P＜0.05),随着药物浓度的加大、作用时间的延长,处于G0/G1期细胞逐渐增多,S期和G2/M期细胞则逐渐减少.但Raji细胞没有发生明显的凋亡现象(P＞0.05).50 nmol/L雷帕霉素处理后,Raji细胞的Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、p27表达水平没有明显变化(P＞0.05),但Cyclin A和Survivin表达水平被明显抑制(P＜0.05).结论:雷帕霉素通过阻滞细胞周期发展抑制Raji细胞增殖,其作用机制可能与下调细胞Cyclin A和Survivin表达有关.     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。