支气管动脉栓塞治大咯血38例临床研究

目的观察支气管动脉栓塞术对大咯血患者的临床疗效。方法 2000年至2008年因大咯血住院患者,经胸部影像学检查或纤维支气管镜、支气管动脉造影明确诊断的患者行支气管动脉栓塞术。结果共38例患者,男26,女12例,年龄56±9岁,反复咯血31例,支气管扩张27例,支气管肺囊肿4例,不明原因4例,肺结核3例。支气管动脉造影均表现为血管畸形,给予支气管动脉栓塞治疗35例出血立即减少,1周内完全消失。随访1年,复发大咯血2例。治疗后3例短时间内轻微胸痛,2例肩痛,3例伴胸闷,3例腹股沟皮下淤血,对症处理后短期内好转。结论支气管动脉栓塞术对治疗急性或反复发生的大咯血非常有效,可以使患者避免外科手术的风险,对复发患者再次治疗也安全有效。     

超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床效果分析

目的探讨超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值。方法 52例大咯血患者经支气管动脉造影明确岀血动脉后行支气管动脉栓塞术,采用明胶海绵颗粒、明胶海绵条或联合弹簧钢圈进行栓塞。所有患者随访3～12月,观察栓塞术后有无再次岀血及并发症的发生。结果 52例患者均顺利完成支气管动脉栓塞术,于一周内咯血症状逐渐消失,其中6例患者分别于术后6月～10月后咯血复发,再次行性支气管动脉栓塞术咯血消失。无严重栓塞术后并发症发生。结论超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血安全、有效的治疗方法。     

大咯血支气管动脉栓塞后复发的临床分析

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血在临床上取得满意的疗效,但也有部分患者在栓塞后短期内复发咯血。现总结14例栓塞后短期内复发咯血者进行分析。 资料与方法 一、2005年5月至2008年12月所收治急性大咯血患者14例,男9例,女5例,年龄34～72岁,平均53岁,其中肺结核8例,支气管扩张症3例,肺癌伴咯血1例。行支气管动脉栓塞术后6小时～4天后复发咯血。     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的临床应用

目的研究选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的临床应用。方法对15例大咯血病人行支气管动脉造影后，对异常支气管动脉用明胶海绵进行栓塞。结果10例咯血停止，4例咯血渐止，1例术后复发。结论选择性支气管动脉栓塞对大咯血患者是一种有效、安全、简便的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗支气管扩张大咯血的疗效观察

目的观察支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗支气管扩张大咯血的疗效,评价支气管动脉栓塞术的临床价值。方法21例支气管扩张大咯血患者,男13例,女8例,全部病例采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管,DSA造影,首先明确出血部位,然后进行支气管动脉内栓入明胶海棉十丝线微粒＋欧乃派克或小直径不锈铜丝圈。结果21例患者术后咯血量即刻明显减少,1周内咯血完全停止。3例患者2周左右复发,行第2次BAE止血所有病例随访6～24个月均无复发。结论支气管动脉栓塞术成为控制支气管扩张大咯血的有效、安全的治疗方法。     

介入栓塞治疗肺动脉假性动脉瘤伴大咯血的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨体肺双途径栓塞治疗肺动脉假性动脉瘤(pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms,PAPs)伴大咯血的临床疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年2月海南医学院第二附属医院收治的经CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)/数字减影血管造影(digital subtractive angiography,DSA)证实为PAPs伴大咯血的15例肺结核患者的临床资料.记录相关影像学表现、介入治疗技术和临床止血成功情况,随访1年内咯血复发状况.结果 共发现15个PAPs,肺CTA发现14个,血管造影发现1个.术中仅支气管动脉造影发现6个,仅肺动脉造影发现4个,支气管动脉及肺动脉造影均发现4个,1个体肺动脉造影均未发现.介入栓塞术后咯血有效止血14例,1例患者术中因大咯血窒息导致死亡.患者随访12个月,其中1例患者术后2周复发大咯血行外科切除术;1例咯血术后3个月余复发,再次行介入栓塞后咯血停止.结论 经体肺双途径栓塞治疗肺结核患者PAPs伴大咯血的临床疗效确切,方法可行,但仍有一定风险.     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大血47例分析

目的 进一步探讨支气管动脉栓塞术的治疗选择、复发原因和进展.方法 47例咯血患者接受支气管动脉栓塞术治疗,其中支气管扩张29例,肺结核12例,肺癌2例,肺炎3例,肺隔离症1例,每日咯血＞100 ml的大咯血患者经内科止血治疗无效后,经选择性支气管动脉造影发现出血灶,使用真丝线段等栓塞相应的支气管动脉和参与血供的胸廓内动脉,肋间动脉等.结果 40例栓塞后立即止血,2例反复栓塞＞2次后仍有咯血,3例随防1年,仍有间断少量咯血,1例栓塞术中大咯血窒息经气管插管、机械通气抢救成功,1例咯血再发急诊行左下肺叶切除术.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种快速、安全、有效的方法,有效率达85.1%,复发率约为14.8%,复发原因包括血供动静脉畸形,支气管动脉漏栓,栓塞物脱落,原发病进展,造影操作不仔细.而且在栓塞术中要做好抢救准备,特别是病因不明确的咯血要重视,建议先行增强CT扫描或选择性CT造影明确以选择更好的安全治疗手段.我们认为支气管动脉栓塞术栓塞靶血管在2支以上和栓塞物联合栓塞,术中适当灌注止血剂,是提高有效率的办法.     

支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血

目的 探讨支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的临床价值.方法 19例肺结核大咯血患者,行选择性支气管动脉和肋间动脉造影并对病变血管用2 mm手术丝线段进行栓塞.结果 19例咯血患者,共栓塞58支出血血管.其中行支气管动脉-肋间动脉联合栓塞17例,单独栓塞支气管动脉和肋间动脉各1例.17例联合栓塞患者24 h内咯血停止16例,即刻止血率94.2%（16/17）;1周内咯血停止1例;近期有效率100%（17/17）.2例单独栓塞支气管动脉或肋间动脉者止血无效.3～6个月内复发2例.无严重栓塞相关并发症发生.结论 支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞是治疗肺结核大咯血的有效手段,具有止血迅速、复发率低及安全性高的优点.     

选择性支气管动脉双重栓塞治疗肺结核咯血的远期疗效及影响因素分析

目的　了解选择性支气管动脉双重栓塞术治疗肺结核咯血的远期疗效 ,探讨术后咯血复发、影响该治疗技术疗效的主要原因。方法　对 5 0例行支气管动脉造影 双重栓塞术的肺结核咯血患者进行为期 2年的疗效追踪观察 ,其中男 37例、女 2 3例 ;年龄 8～ 75岁 ,平均 4 7 6岁。对其中咯血复发病例确定复发原因并予病因治疗及疗效观察。结果　 5 0例肺结核咯血患者术后 2年治愈31例 ,治愈率为 6 2 % ,总止血有效 4 7例 ,有效率为 94 %。术后短期内咯血复发 9例 ,咯血复发的主要原因是肺结核持续不愈、合并支气管扩张感染 ,漏栓和肺外体循环参与肺内病灶供血导致血管难以彻底处理等技术上的因素也是原因之一 ;中、长期咯血复发 10例 ,咯血复发的主要原因则是肺结核好转后空洞内继发真菌感染 (主要是曲菌球 )及肺结核再次复发。结论　选择性支气管动脉双重栓塞术在治疗肺结核咯血时远期疗效明显 ,可防止大咯血引发的危险 ,为治愈肺部结核病变争取时间 ,有利于患者安全好转。血管栓塞是一种非常有效的止血方法 ,但去除引起慢性炎症刺激的感染病因才能真正治愈肺结核咯血。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺良性病变大咯血效果及预后

目的 探讨支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗肺内良性疾病大咯血疗效，分析复发因素。方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学附属宿迁第一人民医院2016年9月—2019年9月收治的55例肺良性病变经支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血患者资料，Log-rank单因素、Cox多因素分析影响咯血复发因素。Kaplan-Meier法计算介入术后止血率。结果 55例患者均成功介入栓塞。术后胸部疼痛9例，发热6例，腹痛1例，给予对症处理均好转，无脊髓损伤等严重并发症。术后1月、6月、1年、2年、3年累积止血率分别为96.4%、94.5%、89.1%、72.7%、69.1%。无咯血平均生存时间30.1(28.33～33.49)月。单因素分析非支气管性体动脉(NBSA)、体肺循环分流(SPS)、肺毁损及栓塞材料与咯血介入术后复发相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析NBSA、栓塞材料为影响咯血介入栓塞术后复发的独立影响因素。结论 支气管动脉栓塞术控制肺良性病变大咯血安全有效，随着术后时间延长累积复发率逐渐升高，栓塞材料、NBSA供血为术后复发独立影响因素。因此应重视NBSA供血栓塞，选用PVA等永久栓塞剂。     

支气管动脉栓塞术后肺结核再咯血的综合治疗

目的探讨肺结核大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)后再次出现咯血的综合治疗方法。方法总结1997年8月至2006年2月间289例肺结核大咯血行BAE治疗失败后再次出现咯血的42例患者,根据咯血量的多少,采用不同的治疗措施,20例小量咯血应用云南白药和止血芳酸治疗,22例中至大量咯血患者联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠治疗。结果20例小量咯血经云南白药和止血芳酸治疗后,有效止血率95.0%,22例中至大量咯血联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠治疗,有效止血率为86.4%。结论肺结核大咯血行BAE后再次出现小量咯血可以采取常规治疗,中至大量咯血联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠不失为有效的治疗手段。     

Prognosis of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis

BACKGROUND: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a well-accepted and widely used treatment modality for the management of massive and recurrent hemoptysis. However, few reports have previously investigated the long-term results. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognosis of patients with hemoptysis who had undergone BAE. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with hemoptysis underwent BAE. The underlying diseases included bronchiectasis in 9, aspergillosis in 3, chronic bronchitis in 2, idiopathic bronchial bleeding in 4, and other diseases in 4. The follow-up period ranged from 25 to 88 months (median 47 months). RESULTS: After the initial BAE, 11 of 22 (50%) patients had re-bleeding (5 patients with hemoptysis and 6 patients with minor hemosputa). Among them, 1 patient suffered from recurrent massive hemoptysis and died from airway obstruction within 1 month after BAE. In addition, 10 of these 11 (90.9%) patients experienced recurrent airway bleeding within 3 years after BAE. Recurrent cases of hemoptysis were seen in 6 of 22 patients (27.3%) within 3 years and no case recurred later than 3 years after BAE. A recurrence of hemoptysis was frequently seen in patients with either bronchiectasis or pulmonary-bronchial artery (P-B) shunt. Although BAE is an effective treatment for the immediate control of hemoptysis, 5 of the patients experienced recurrent bleeding in the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to follow-up such patients until 3 years after initial BAE, especially when either ectatic changes of the bronchi on a CT scan or a P-B shunt on angiographic findings are detected.     

Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis

Massive hemoptysis and/or recurrent expectoration of measurable amounts of blood are common complications of chronic bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). When conservative treatment fails to control bleeding, surgery or bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is frequently considered. We present our experience and long-term follow up of BAE in 14 CF patients (age range 15–39 years) with massive (6 subjects) and/or recurrent (8 subjects) hemoptysis not responsive to medical treatment. Seven had chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. After angiographic evaluation, polyvinyl alcohol particles (halon) were injected to embolize obviously enlarged bronchial arteries. Seventeen procedures were performed in 14 patients and 36 bronchial arteries were embolized. All the patients stopped bleeding immediately upon BAE. Most of the patients had postembolization fever, dysphagia, and transient chest pain which were managed symptomatically. After median follow-up period of 10.5 months (range 0.5–38 months), no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed in 8 patients who are still alive. In 3 patients hemoptysis recurred and they underwent reembolization after 3,22, and 25 months, respectively. Three subjects died of respiratory failure within 5 months from BAE. Presently, 50% of patients studied had a ≥ 1 year interval free of major hemoptysis after the first BAE. Our experience indicates that massive and/or recurrent hemoptysis in C:F patients can be safety and effectively managed by BAE if the procedure is performed by skilled practitioner. The procedure was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged and satisfactory bleeding control in most patients. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

致命性大咯血的病因及其选择性支气管动脉栓塞的疗效分析

目的了解致命性大咯血的病因及其选择性支气管动脉栓塞(bronchial artery embolization,BAE)的疗效。方法对2007年1月至2012年1月期间84例致命性大咯血患者进行病因分类,对2009年8月至2012年1月期间的30例致命性大咯血患者进行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗,观察其即刻、近期和远期疗效。结果致命性大咯血的病因分别为肺结核(63例,75.0%)、支气管扩张症(11例,13.1%)、肺曲霉病(6例,7.1%)、肺癌(2例,2.4%)和肺动静脉瘘(2例,2.4%)。对其中30例致命性大咯血患者(肺结核25例,肺曲霉病和肺动静脉瘘各2例,支气管扩张症1例)进行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗,即刻止血率达90.0%(27/30)。术后随访5~29个月(平均16个月),近期止血率93.3%(28/30),远期止血率达96.7%(29/30)。结论致命性大咯血的病因主要为肺结核,其次为支气管扩张症和肺曲霉病,BAE是治疗致命性大咯血的首选措施,具有安全、有效、高成功率优点,为基础肺疾病的治愈提供了条件。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的疗效观察

目的 探讨支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的长期疗效、安全性及并发症.方法 回顾分析天津市海河医院2000年2月至2009年2月间因大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞术的232例患者病例资料,其中男122例,女110例,年龄21～85岁,中位年龄52岁.患者均于术后24 h开始进行术后观察及持续随访,回访患者复杳X线胸片或胸部CT,并进行电话或问卷回访,最短2个月,最长9年.结果 232例患者共栓塞血管627支,使用弹簧圈741枚,所有患者均即刻止血(232/232,100%),一次栓塞治愈213例(213/232,91.8%),好转19例(19/232,8.2%),术中无死亡病例,未发生严重并发症及远期不良事件.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血安全有效,即刻止血率高,严重并发症及远期不良事件较少.     

Percutaneous bronchial artery embolization in the management of massive hemoptysis in chronic lung diseases. Immediate and long-term outcomes

AIM: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a well-established, non-surgical procedure in the emergency treatment of massive hemoptysis. This study aims to evaluate the immediate and long-term prognosis of BAE for the management of massive hemoptysis in our center. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients (mean age: 59+/-14 years) with massive hemoptysis, underwent BAE with microspheres (Embospheres BioSphere Medical SA, Paris, France), polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA, Ivalon, Cathmed Science; Paris, France) or/and steel coils (Cook, Denmark) after thoracic aortography and diagnostic selective and superselective catheterization of bronchial arteries and systemic collateral vessels in the bleeding lung area. Hemoptysis was due to bronchiectasis (55%), non-operable aspergillomas (15%), active tuberculosis (15%), malignancy (10%) and cystic fibrosis (5%). Mean duration of follow-up was 29+/-18 months. The recurrent-free time was calculated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Immediate control of bleeding was achieved in all patients. Recurrent cases of hemoptysis were observed in 6/20 patients (30%) within 3 years and 4 of them (66.6%) occurred early in the first 3 months. Recurrent-free time was 9 months (standard error: 4) (95% confidence interval: 0-17). Repeated interventions were required in all early recurrences, due to either recanalization of the occluded arteries or non-bronchial systemic artery supply. Combined use of PVA and coils was proved effective in these cases. No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: BAE is an effective and safe intervention in cases of massive hemoptysis. However, recurrences are common and long-term follow-up is considered important with a view to perform repeated interventions with combination of embolic materials.     

Risk factors for the recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with massive hemoptysis

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of massive hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and identify risk factors that influence recurrence.

Methods

A total of 81 patients with massive hemoptysis who underwent BAE between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients had either a history of pulmonary tuberculosis or a current diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Follow-up ranged from 18 to 66 months.

Results

Hemoptysis was stopped or markedly decreased, with subsequent clinical improvement in 73 patients, while 11 patients experienced recurrence during the follow-up period. Systemic-pulmonary shunts and clinical failure showed a statistically significant correlation with the recurrence rate. The cumulative non-recurrence rate was 95.3% for 3 months and 81.9% for more than 24 months. Complications were common (12.5%), but self-limiting.

Conclusions

BAE is a safe and effective treatment option for the control of massive hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Systemic-pulmonary shunts and clinical failure are the risk factors for recurrence.     

支气管动脉栓塞术后再咯血原因及治疗对策

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）后再咯血的原因及相应的治疗对策。方法分析389例行支气管动脉栓塞术后发生再咯血的54例患者的咯血原因及治疗结果。结果54例再咯血中,34例为原有病变进展,占63．0％,DSA表现为出现新的出血灶和／或侧支循环形成。20例原因为原有病变血管再通,占37．0％。再次BAE术后治愈47例,占87．0％。结论支气管动脉栓塞术后应积极地治疗基础疾病防止原有病变进展。在支气管动脉栓塞术操作过程中防止漏栓供血动脉,并注意操作技巧,选择适当的栓塞材料。     

Idiopathic hemoptysis in pregnant women: A distinct entity?

In pregnant women, the reported cases of hemoptysis were most often mild and had an identified cause. Between November 2003 and January 2006, three pregnant women at 16-20 weeks gestation were admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit for massive hemoptysis. One of the women had experienced mild hemoptysis, considered as idiopathic, during her first pregnancy, with no recurrence until her second pregnancy. In all three cases, hemoptysis was massive. CT scan after iodine injection did not reveal any cause. Opacification of the bronchial artery showed hyperemia from abnormally dilated and tortuous bronchial arteries. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) was performed in all three patients, successfully in two. Intravenous vasopressin was used as second-line treatment for recurrent bleeding after BAE in one patient. The women carried the pregnancy to term with delivery of healthy infants. Further complete investigation after the births did not identify any possible local (pulmonary) or general cause of bleeding in these three patients. Although these cases could be considered idiopathic, the close association with duration of pregnancy suggests the hemoptysis may be related to hormonal changes.