Management of urinary incontinence after bulboprostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for posterior urethral obstruction secondary to pelvic fracture

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of the management of urinary incontinence after bulboprostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for post-traumatic posterior urethral obstruction secondary to pelvic fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1979 and 1998, we managed 13 patients with postoperative incontinence after bulboprostatic anastomotic urethroplasty. Of these patients, nine had undergone a transpubic approach and four a perineal approach. The causes of urinary incontinence in the 13 patients were as follows. Ten patients had derangement of the proximal sphincteric mechanism (the distal sphincteric mechanism is usually destroyed as a result of trauma and/or during urethroplasty). These 10 patients were managed by placement of an anterior bladder tube, after the failure of pharmacological manipulations. Two patients who had been managed by transpubic urethroplasty experienced complications due to vesicourethral fistulae. They were managed by excision of the tract and repair of the bladder and the urethral defects. One patient, who was managed additionally by visual urethrotomy (for postoperative obstruction after perineal bulboprostatic anastomosis), experienced complications due to a false tract between the bladder and urethra. He was managed by bulboprostatic anastomosis and excision of the false tract. RESULTS: After 1-6 years follow-up, the outcome of the 10 patients who underwent placement of a bladder tube was good in four (40%), fair in three (30%) and poor in two (20%). The two patients who presented with vesicourethral fistulae regained continence after excision of the fistulae. The patient who had a false tract between the bladder and urethra regained continence after revision of the bulboprostatic anastomosis and excision of the fistulous tract. CONCLUSIONS: The proximal sphincteric mechanism should be fully evaluated before performing bulboprostatic anastomosis. Placement of a bladder tube is a good option for managing urinary incontinence. Vesicourethral fistulae are an unrecognized cause of urinary incontinence following transpubic urethroplasty. Visual urethrotomy should only be used in short, passable strictures.     

后尿道狭窄外科治疗191例临床分析

目的探讨后尿道手术方法的选择及疗效。方法回顾分析1990年1月-2006年1月本院收治的191例后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者的临床资料。术前191例均行尿道造影,62例行尿道超声检查,48例行尿道镜检查,4例行尿道磁共振成像（MRI）检查。26例患者行尿道内切开;165例患者行开放性手术,其中单纯经会阴尿道吻合术66例,经会阴切开阴茎中隔48例,经会阴切除耻骨下缘30例,经耻骨尿道吻合术18例,尿道拖入术3例。术后随访6～48个月,平均26．6个月。结果后尿道狭窄或闭锁长度为1．5～8．0cm,平均3．6cm。后尿道狭窄（尿道连续性尚存）31例（16％）;后尿道完全闭锁160例（84％）,其中闭锁段〈3cm者102例（53．4％）,闭锁段〉3cm者58例（30．6％）。手术总体成功率（最大尿流率〉15ml／s）为84．3％（161／191）,其中尿道内切开为69％（18／26）,开放性手术为86．6％（143／165）。单纯经会阴尿道吻合术、经会阴切开阴茎中隔、经会阴切除耻骨下缘、经耻骨尿道吻合术及尿道拖入术的成功率分别为97％（64／66）、79％（38／48）、80％（24／30）、83％（15／18）和67％（2／3）。后尿道狭窄（尿道连续性尚存）的成功率为94％（29／31）;闭锁段〈3cm的患者为90％（92／102）;闭锁段〉3cm患者为69％（40／58）。结论开放性手术疗效优于尿道内切开,后尿道狭窄或闭锁段〈3cm患者疗效较好。     

经会阴球膜部尿道吻合术治疗骨盆骨折所致后尿道狭窄的术后并发症回顾性研究

目的:回顾性研究骨盆骨折所致的后尿道狭窄而采用经会阴途径球膜部端端吻合尿道成形术患者的术后并发症。方法:本研究对象为573例因骨盆骨折导致的后尿道狭窄患者,均接受经会阴途径球膜部尿道吻合术,联合逆行和顺行膀胱尿道造影对狭窄长度、部位和程度进行评估。所有患者行经会阴途径一期尿道吻合成形术。以患者术后排尿通畅并且不需要其它干预措施作为手术成功的标志。使用国际勃起功能指数(IIEF)-5问卷调查对术前和术后性功能障碍的患病率进行评估,利用尿垫试验对压力性尿失禁的程度进行评估。结果:573例患者中,504例(88%)成功,69例(12%)不成功。手术后4周去除导尿管,测定尿流率平均最大为(20.52±5.1)ml/s。28例术中直肠损伤并一期修复。10例(1.7%)在术后6个月内尿道狭窄复发,45例在术后6个月~1年期间尿道狭窄复发。所有复发患者接受了再次手术。24例(4.2%)有轻度急迫性尿失禁,28例(4.9%)有轻度压力性尿失禁。术前有487例患者(85%)在受伤后出现勃起功能障碍,术后有492例(86%)发生勃起功能障碍,但术前和术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。9例(1.6%)发现在后尿道与膀胱颈之间存在假道。结论:若术前进行谨慎评估,明确解剖结构,术中精细操作,经会阴途径球膜部尿道吻合术相关的大部分并发症是可以避免的。     

复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择

目的 探讨复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择及疗效.方法 后尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘患者34例.其中医原性6例,骨盆骨折尿道损伤所致26例,坠落伤所致2例.34例均采用尿道端端吻合同时行直肠瘘修补.4例尿道狭窄段1.5～2.5 cm采用单纯性经会阴途径;30例尿道狭窄段3.0～7.0 em者采用经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径21例,经会阴与经耻骨联合途径9例. 结果 单纯经会阴途径手术4例均获成功;经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径21例中成功19例(90%),经会阴加经耻骨联合途径9例中成功7例(78%).术后仍有尿道狭窄2例,发生直肠瘘2例. 结论 复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择应根据尿道狭窄长度、瘘道部位与大小、病因及既往手术史决定.经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径手术效果好.     

On the art of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty: a 27-year experience

PURPOSE: We determined the various operative details of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty that are essential for a successful result. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 155 patients who had undergone anastomotic repair of posterior urethral strictures or distraction defects between 1977 and 2003. Patient age ranged from 3 to 58 years (mean 21) and all except 1 had sustained a pelvic fracture urethral injury as the initial causative trauma. Repair was performed with a perineal procedure in 113 patients, elaborated perineal in 2 and perineo-abdominal in 40. Followup ranged from 1 to 22 years. RESULTS: The results were successful in 104 (90%) cases after perineal (including 2 elaborated perineal) and in 39 (98%) after perineo-abdominal repair. Successful results were sustained for up to 22 years after surgery. Urinary incontinence did not develop in any patients while 2 lost potency as a direct result of anastomotic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Of the operative details 3 constitute the gold triad that assures a successful outcome, namely complete excision of scarred tissues, fixation of healthy mucosa of the 2 urethral ends and creation of a tension-free anastomosis. When the bulboprostatic urethral gap is 2.5 cm or less, restoration of urethral continuity may be accomplished with a perineal procedure after liberal mobilization of the bulbar urethra. For defects of 2.5 cm or greater the elaborated perineal or perineo-abdominal transpubic procedure should be used. In the presence of a competent bladder neck, anastomotic surgery does not result in urinary incontinence. Impotence is usually related to the original trauma and rarely (2%) to urethroplasty itself.     

1-Stage delayed bulboprostatic anastomotic repair of posterior urethral rupture: 60 patients with 1-year followup

PURPOSE: The long-term results of delayed 1-stage bulboprostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for posterior urethral ruptures are evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 63, 1-stage delayed repairs of complete posterior urethral ruptures in 60 men with at least 1-year followup were reviewed. Two ruptures were due to gunshot wounds and 58 were secondary to a pelvic fracture. There were 58 repairs done by the perineal approach and 5 required an abdominal perineal approach. RESULTS: Surgical complications included 2 (3%) rectal injuries, 3 (5%) repeat strictures that required reoperation and 20 (32%) repeat strictures that required dilation or visual internal urethrotomy. By 1 year after surgery all patients had a patent urethra and did not require further treatment. At 1 year 43 (72%) patients voided normally, 5 (8.3%) were areflexic and performed self-catheterization, 5 (8.3%) had urge incontinence and 5 (8.3%) had mild stress incontinence requiring no treatment. Moderate stress incontinence responded to imipramine in 1 case and collagen injection in 1. Of the patients who were potent preoperatively 31 (52%) remained potent postoperatively. Of the 29 (48%) patients who were impotent preoperatively and immediately postoperatively 9 regained potency at 1 year. However, at 1 year, the quality of erections of the 40 potent men was normal in only 22 (37%) and fair to poor in 18 (30%). CONCLUSIONS: The 1-stage delayed bulboprostatic anastomotic urethroplasty has a good long-term result with little morbidity for treatment of posterior urethral ruptures in men.     

Hernias after transpubic urethroplasty

We report 2 cases of herniation following repair of posterior urethral strictures. Both patients underwent transpubic bulboprostatic urethral anastomosis and omentoplasty, which resulted in a perineal hernia in one and a pubic hernia in the other.     

MANAGEMENT OF OBLITERATIVE POSTTRAUMATIC POSTERIOR URETHRAL STRICTURES AFTER FAILED INITIAL URETHROPLASTY

Purpose

We evaluate the problems encountered during surgery and assess the results of different endoscopic and open surgical methods following failed urethroplasty for posttraumatic posterior urethral stricture.

Materials and Methods

Since 1992 we have treated 23 patients in whom urethroplasty for posterior urethral strictures failed. Of these patients, 3 had undergone 2 previous repairs and 6 had additional complicating factors, such as fistula, periurethral cavity and false passage. End-to-end anastomosis was done in 14 patients via a transperineal (7) or transpubic (7) approach. In 1 patient substitution urethroplasty using a radial artery based forearm free flap was performed. In 3 patients a 2-stage urethroplasty was done, 4 underwent core-through optical internal urethrotomy and 1 underwent endoscopic marsupialization of a false passage.

Results

At 1 to 5-year followup 3 of the 23 patients had restenoses (13%), including 2 in whom previous treatment failed. The remaining 87% of the patients void well and are continent, and there is no worsening of the preexisting potency status.

Conclusions

Previous failed urethral stricture repair complicates management due to fibrosis, impaired vascularity and limited urethra available for mobilization. Recurrent strictures less than 1.5 cm. can be managed successfully with core-through internal urethrotomy. End-to-end anastomosis is possible in the majority with generous use of inferior pubectomy or the transpubic approach with certain modifications. When residual inflammation or long strictures are present a 2-stage procedure is a safer option. Overall, reoperation can offer a successful outcome for the majority of these complex strictures.     

经会阴途径后尿道端端吻合术治疗创伤性后尿道狭窄十年回顾性研究

目的：评估各种尿道修复术式在不同程度后尿道狭窄中的运用及治疗效果。方法：从1997年1月～2006年12月共有296例外伤性骨盆骨折导致的后尿道狭窄患者接受后尿道端端吻合术,其中单纯端端吻合70例（Ⅰ组）;阴茎海绵体中隔切开结合端端吻合70例（Ⅱ组）;海绵体中隔＋耻骨下缘切除结合端端吻合154例（Ⅲ组）;耻骨下缘切除＋尿道从一侧阴茎海绵体旁绕结合端端吻合2例（Ⅳ组）。结果：296例后尿道端端吻合术中,254例成功,42例失败。Ⅰ组成功率78．6％,Ⅱ组成功率90．0％,Ⅲ组成功率88．3％,Ⅳ组成功率为0。结论：经会阴途径的不同辅助手术方法可有效地治疗后尿道狭窄。     

Reconstruction of posterior urethral disruption: tips for success from our experience and from a literature review

Repair of a posterior urethral disruption associated with a pelvic fracture is a challenge for urologic surgeons. Here, we provide surgical and strategic tips to facilitate the delayed surgical repair of urethral distraction defects. Nine patients each with a traumatic posterior urethral distraction defect underwent delayed transperineal or transperineoabdominal bulboprostatic anastomosis. Four patients had previously undergone multiple procedures. Seven patients regained satisfactory urination without incontinence, although one other patient is suffering from incontinence. In one patient, urethral disruption occurred again after removal of the urethral catheter, and he is being managed by suprapubic catheter. In our experience, the key to success is to perform a true bulboprostatic mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis without tension. For this purpose, a transperineoabdominal approach is of particular importance when the healthy mucosa of the prostatic apex cannot be revealed through a perineal approach due to dense fibrous scar or fractured bone. A partial pubectomy may be necessary according to the situation. By the transperineoabdominal approach, the scar tissue can be bypassed through a broad sub-pubic-arch tunnel, and a reliable anastomosis achieved.     

Posterior urethral reconstruction

Summary The posterior prostatomembranous urethral stricture or distraction defect has historically been the most formidable challenge of stricture surgery. This uncommon lesion occurs most often as the sequelae of pelvic fracture injuries, or straddle trauma, and is associated with serious urethral disruption and separation – an injury that is often complicted by inappropriate initial management using substitution skin flap techniques with the development of recurrent stenosis, irreversible impotence, and occasional incontinence. Management by endoscopic techniques may be possible in patients with short strictures or in those after prostatectomy, but they rarely play a role in resolving the complex obliterated urethra with a significant defect [1]. Resolution of post-traumatic posterior urethral distraction defects and other posterior urethral pathologic conditions has dramatically improved over the past two decades despite an inaccessible subpublic location involving exposed sphincter-active and erectile neurovascular anatomy. The contemporary, perineal, one-stage bulboprostatic anastomotic operation as popularized by Turner-Warwick [20] with selective scar excision is a versatile procedure with a high patent lumen success. Patients undergoing anastomotic urethroplasty have a substained patent urethral lumen success rate approaching 100 % versus those who have undergone urethral skin flap or patch repair, where the restricture rate in 5 and 10 years increases twofold to threefold [1, 20]. A patent urethra after an anastomotic urethroplasty at 6 months is free from further recurrent stricture and gives credence to Mr. Turner-Warwick's admonition that “urethra is the best substitute for urethra”.      

Perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for managing post-traumatic urethral strictures in children: the long-term outcome

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the long‐term results of one‐stage perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for post‐traumatic paediatric urethral strictures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Thirty‐five boys who had a perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for post‐traumatic bulbous or posterior urethral strictures between 1991 and 2003 were analysed retrospectively. Patients were followed up for a mean (range) of 46 (6–132) months by a history, urinary flow rate estimate, retrograde urethrography and voiding cysto‐urethrography.

RESULTS

The mean (range) age of the patients was 11.9 (6–18) years. The estimated radiographic stricture length before surgery was 2.6 (1–5) cm. The perineal anastomotic repair was successful in 31 of 35 (89%) patients. All treatment failures were at the anastomosis and were within the first year. Failed repairs were successfully managed endoscopically in two patients and by repeat perineal anastomotic repair in the remaining two, giving a final success rate of 100%. All boys are continent except two who had early stress incontinence, and that resolved with time. There was no chordee, penile shortening or urethral diverticula during the follow‐up.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall success of a one‐stage perineal anastomotic repair of post‐traumatic urethral strictures in boys is excellent, with minimal morbidity. Substitution urethroplasty or abdomino‐perineal repair should be reserved for the occasional patients with concomitant anterior urethral stricture disease or a complex posterior urethral stricture, respectively.

     

Does a previous end‐to‐end urethroplasty alter the results of redo end‐to‐end urethroplasty in patients with traumatic posterior urethral strictures?

Objectives: To evaluate the success rate of redo anastomotic urethroplasty and to compare it with primary anastomotic urethroplasty. Methods: We compared 52 patients with post‐traumatic posterior urethral strictures (group 1, mean age 24.6 years, range 10–62) who had undergone redo urethroplasty with 66 patients (group 2, mean age 22.6, range 6–71) who had undergone primary anastomotic urethroplasty. Mean stricture length was 2.0 cm (1–4.5) and 2.5 cm (1.5–6), respectively. All of the patients in group 1 had a stricture located at the bulboprostatic anastomotic site. In group 2, 43 (65.2%) had a bulbomembranous stricture and 23 (34.8%) had a prostatomembranous stricture. Results: Mean operative time was 140 (100–240) and 90 min (75–200) in group 1 and 2, respectively. Mean blood loss was 180 (80–900) and 125 mL (50–700), respectively. Mean hospital stay was comparable (6.6 days vs 5.5 days) between the two groups. Mean follow up was 54 months (10–144) for group 1 and 62 months (12–122) for group 2. Corporal separation, inferior pubectomy, a transpubic approach and urethral rerouting were required in 22 (42.3%) and 12 (18.2%), 7 (13.5%) and 3 (4.5%), 12 (23%) and 5 (7.6%), 2 (3.8%) and nil patients in group 1 and 2, respectively. An excellent or acceptable outcome was achieved in 42 (80.8%) and 57 (86.4%), 8 (15.4%) and 7 (10.6%) patients, respectively. Two patients in each group failed. Conclusions: Previously failed end‐to‐end urethroplasty does not alter the success rate of redo end‐to‐end urethroplasty.     

Dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty by a ventral sagittal urethrotomy and minimal-access perineal approach for anterior urethral stricture

OBJECTIVE: To present the technique of dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty through a ventral sagittal urethrotomy and minimal access perineal approach for anterior urethral stricture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 2001 to December 2002, 12 patients with a long anterior urethral stricture had the anterior urethra reconstructed, using a one-stage urethroplasty with a dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft through a ventral sagittal urethrotomy. The urethra was approached via a small perineal incision irrespective of the site and length of the stricture. The penis was everted through the perineal wound. No urethral dissection was used on laterally or dorsally, so as not to jeopardize the blood supply. RESULTS: The mean (range) length of the stricture was 5 (3-16) cm and the follow-up 12 (10-16) months. The results were good in 11 of the 12 patients. One patient developed a stricture at the proximal anastomotic site and required optical internal urethrotomy. CONCLUSION: Dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty via a minimal access perineal approach is a simple technique with a good surgical outcome; it does not require urethral dissection and mobilization and hence preserves the blood supply.     

Comparison of Open and Endoscopic Treatment of Posttraumatic Posterior Urethral Strictures

The purpose of this study was to compare the invasiveness, morbidity, and outcomes of open versus endoscopic treatment of posttraumatic posterior urethral strictures. We compared two groups of men with strictures of the posterior urethra after pelvic fracture: Group I (n = 6) underwent cut-to-the-light procedures before 1995, and group II (n = 9) underwent perineal anastomotic urethroplasty after 1995. The operating time and blood loss were lower in the endoscopic group, but no other significant differences in morbidity or invasiveness were found. All six patients in group I required multiple secondary procedures: Three reached a stable voiding pattern after a mean of three interventions, two required subsequent urethroplasty, and one was lost to long-term follow-up. Normal voiding was achieved in all group II patients, although two (22%) required single internal urethrotomy within 3 months after surgery. The data show the comparable morbidity of open urethroplasty and cut-to-the-light procedures and support an aggressive surgical approach for the delayed treatment of posttraumatic posterior urethral strictures. Other than a reduced operating time, endoscopic procedures offered no compelling advantage over surgical reconstruction.     

Die bulbäre Harnröhrenstriktur

Urethral strictures are often located in the bulbar urethra, and bulbar strictures are commonly due to urethral trauma. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiographic imaging of the urethra. In cases of short primary bulbar strictures, a simple internal urethrotomy may be curative. In contrast, open surgery should be performed in long segment or recurrent strictures because recurrence rates are near 100% in these cases. Depending of the actual findings and comorbidities, end-to-end anastomosis, graft urethroplasty, flap urethroplasty, or perineal urethrostomy may be used. If definitive treatment using open surgery is delayed and multiple endoscopic treatments are tried, urethroplasty becomes more complex and success rates of definitive treatment decline.     

Surgical Treatment of 31 Complex Traumatic Posterior Urethral Strictures Associated with Urethrorectal Fistulas

Background

Urethrorectal fistulas (URF) in patients with complex posterior urethral strictures are rare and difficult to repair surgically. There is no widely accepted standard approach described in the published literature.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of various operative approaches for the repair of URFs in patients with complex posterior urethral strictures.

Design, setting, and participants

From January 1985 to December 2007, 31 patients (age: 6–61 yr; mean: 28.4) with URFs secondary to posterior urethral strictures were treated using a perineal or combined abdominal transpubic–perineal approach.

Interventions

A simple perineal approach was used in 4 patients; a transperineal inferior pubectomy approach was used in 18 patients; and a combined transpubic–perineal approach was used in 9 patients. A bulbospongiosus muscle and subcutaneous dartos pedicle flaps were interposed between the repaired rectum and urethra in 22 patients. The combined transpubic–perineal approach used either a gracilis muscle flap (one patient) or a rectus muscle flap (eight patients).

Measurements

Suprapubic catheterisation was used for bladder drainage, and a urethral silicone stent was left indwelling for 4 wk.

Results and limitations

One-stage repair was successful in 4 patients (100%) using the perineal approach, in 16 of 18 patients (88.9%) using the transperineal–inferior pubectomy approach, and in 7 of 9 patients (77.8%) using the transpubic–perineal approach. Recurrent urethral strictures developed in two cases; one patient required regular dilation, and the other patient was treated successfully with tubed perineoscrotal flap urethroplasty. Recurrent URFs developed in two additional patients.

Conclusions

Surgical approaches for the treatment of URFs associated with complex urethral strictures should be based on a number of considerations including the location of the URF, its aetiology, the length of the urethral strictures, and a history of previous unsuccessful repairs. These results demonstrate that the transperineal–inferior pubic approach may be appropriate as a first-line procedure.     

Operative techniques of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic posterior urethral strictures

Objective： To elucidate the details of operative technique of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic posterior urethral strictures in attempt to offer a successful result. Methods： We reviewed the clinical data of 106 patients who had undergone anastomotic repair for posterior urethral strictures following traumatic pelvic fracture between 1979 and 2004. Patients＇ age ranged from 8 to 53 years （mean 27 years ）. Surgical repair was performed via perinea in 72 patients, modified transperineal repair in 5 and perineoabdominal repair in 29. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 23 years （ mean 8 years ）. Results： Among the 77 patients treated by perineal approaches, 69 （95.8 % ） were successfully repaired and 27 out of the 29 patients （93. 1% ） who were repaired by perineoabdominal protocols were successful. The successful results have sustained as long as 23 years in some cases.Urinary incontinence did not happen in any patients while impotence occurred as a result of the anastomotic surgery. Conclusions： Three important skills or principles will ensure a successful outcome, namely complete excision of scar tissues, a completely normal mucnsa ready for anastomosis at both ends of the urethra, and a tension-free anastomosis. When the urethral stricture is below 2. 5 cm long, restoration of urethral continuity can be accomplished by a perineal procedure. If the stricture is over 2. 5 cm long, a modified perineal or transpubic perineoabdominal procedure should be used. In the presence of a competent bladder neck, anastomotic surgery does not result in urinary incontinence. Impotence is usually related to the original trauma and rarely （5.7 % ） to urethroplasty.     

Complex urethral disruptions: In pursuit of a successful reconstruction

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the methods and outcomes of urethroplasty in men with complex urethral disruptions. METHODS: The medical records of 40 men with complex urethral disruptions were analyzed. Surgical methods were individualized according to stricture location, severity and length of the stricture, bladder neck characteristics and presence of complicating factors. Patients were divided into four groups based on the above characteristics. RESULTS: End-to-end urethroplasty performed in six patients with short bulbar strictures (<3 cm) was successful in all. Elaborated perineal repair was performed in 10 patients with intermediate (3-6 cm) strictures with or without complicating factors. Elaborated perineal repair with urethral substitution was performed in nine patients with long segment stricture (>6 cm). Abdominal transpubic repair was successfully applied to patients with rectourethral fistula or lacerated bladder neck. Success rate of anastomotic urethroplasty was 95% while over all success rate was 85%. CONCLUSION: Guidelines for urethral reconstruction of complex urethral disruptions are predicated on stricture length, location, bladder neck characteristics and associated complicating factors. End-to-end urethroplasty with stricture excision is highly reliable for short strictures for which previous operative repair have failed. Elaborated perineal repair is extremely versatile for intermediate and longer strictures with associated complicating factors. Abdominal transpubic urethroplasty is effective for patients with rectourethral fistula or lacerated bladder neck.