Immunohistochemical evaluation of hedgehog signalling in epithelial/mesenchymal interactions in squamous cell carcinoma transformation: a pilot study

Precancerous lesions have been studied because of their carcinogenic potential and their association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported. In the tumour microenvironment, the processes of angiogenesis and tissue remodelling are regulated by a family of proteins (Hedgehog) described as being able to modulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions. The objective of this study was to perform a comparative study of precancerous lesions and SCCs by immunohistochemistry for the presence of Sonic, Gli2, SMO and Patched proteins, members of the Hedgehog pathway. Sixteen cases diagnosed as actinic cheilitis associated with SCC were compared to normal oral mucosa. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry and the positively stained cells were counted by morphometric analysis. There was a significant progressive increase in expression of all proteins of the Hedgehog pathway, both in the epithelium and in the connective tissue, when sections of normal mucosa, dysplasia and carcinoma were compared (P < 0.05). Thus, one may suggest that the Hedgehog pathway in tumour transformation influences SCC, and more studies should be conducted to expand the understanding of the role of these proteins in neoplastic transformation.     

211例口腔白斑的临床分析

目的：研究口腔白斑癌变和发病部位以及临床表现的关系。方法：对１８年来在我院就诊的２１１例临床和组织确诊为口腔白斑的患者进行了综合分析。结果：龈、舌、颊等部位为白斑高发区，其中有１４例白斑癌变，癌变率为６．６４％。结论：口腔白斑类型以颗粒型、溃疡型、疣状型癌变率较高。癌变高发部位为舌部，舌部又以舌侧缘（包括舌腹和舌缘）的癌变率为著。     

Oral piercings and their dental implications: a mini review

Oral piercing has become common in young adults in recent years. Adolescents are characterized by a compulsive tendency to distinguish themselves from the rest; differences in clothes, hairstyle, or "decorative" details are used to this effect, based on highly-diverse criteria. Dental health-care professionals need to be aware of the procedures and risks involved with oral piercings and the social and psychological reasons that lead people to engage in this practice, regardless of the risks. The present article addresses oral mutilation practices, specifically from the oral health perspective, as it is of concern to dental professionals due to the health risks and oral complications associated with such practices. The various oral ornaments, piercing sites, and their implications, orally, as well as systemically, have been discussed.     

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口腔疾病患病率和发病率特别高,是主要的公共卫生问题之一。特别在社会低收入人群中,口腔疾病已经成为主要的疾病负担之一。本文就我国口腔流行病学资料,对我国目前口腔疾病的现状、改变的趋势、发展及对策做一论述和探讨。     

42例口腔鳞癌患者口腔粘膜和唾液菌群分布

目的:探讨口腔鳞癌对口腔菌群的影响。方法:42例口腔鳞癌患者常规联合根治术后给予头孢噻肟钠、奈替米星抗感染2周,分别检测其手术前后唾液、病变区粘膜或术区粘膜、正常粘膜可培养细菌的数量、构成比和检出率。结果:术前唾液细菌量(x=8110@108CFU/ml,lgx=819084)明显高于术后,术前病变区粘膜细菌量(x=5121@ 105CFU/cm2,lgx=517169)远高于对侧正常粘膜,优势菌群发生改变,病变区粘膜有外籍菌定植(白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌)。术后切口区粘膜细菌量(x=4134@105CFU/cm2,lgx=516372)仍远高于对侧正常粘膜(x=7124@104CFU/ cm2,lgx=418599),链球菌属所占比例成倍增加。结论:口腔鳞癌可导致患者口腔菌群失调,增加感染的危险性及继发局部或全身感染。     

Morphometric computer‐assisted image analysis of oral epithelial cells in normal epithelium and leukoplakia

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 149–154 Background: There are very few studies documenting morphometric parameters of normal oral mucosa and leukoplakia. The present study was undertaken to establish the morphometric parameters of the parabasal and spinous cells of normal oral epithelium. Analysis of changes occurring in these cells in leukoplakia was also done. Methods: This study was conducted on tissue sections of clinically normal oral mucosa and leukoplakia. Morphometric analysis was done for parabasal and spinous cells. Statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney test. Results: Morphometric parameters were greater in the spinous cells than in parabasal cells in normal oral mucosa. Leukoplakia showed greater cellular and nuclear parameters than normal mucosa. Conclusion: Normal oral epithelium showed site‐wise difference in cell and nuclear measurements. Nuclear parameters showed a statistically significant change than cellular parameters in dysplasia. These changes were expressed in the earliest stage of transformation to dysplasia.     

Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma

Ramaesh T, Mendis BRRN, Ratnatunga N, Thattil RQ: Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 83–6. © Munksgaard, 1998.
Cell and nuclear diameters (CD and ND) were measured in squames obtained from normal buccal mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous carcinoma (SCC) also from buccal mucosa. The study groups consisted of Group 1: normal buccal mucosa ( n = 40); Group 2: lesions with no epithelial dysplasia ( n = 58); Group 3: lesions with epithelial dysplasia ( n = 27); and Group 4: SCC lesions ( n = 51). The mean CD and ND values were: Group 1: 51.78 (± 0.11) and 8.36 (± 0.49); Group 2: 45.73 (± 0.16) and 8.31(± 0.68); Group 3: 41.32 (± 0.13) and 9.04 (± 0.46); Group 4: 38.58 (± 0.11) and 10.10 (± 0.56) urn, respectively. Correlation between the ND and CD was positive for Group 1 ( r = 0.78, P < 0.05) and Group 2 ( r = 0.33, P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations in Groups 3 and 4. ANOVA showed significant differences ( P < 0.05) for CD between all four groups. Except between Groups 1 and 2, the ND was significantly different ( P < 0.05) between all groups. The results indicate that ND and CD could possibly be sensitive parameters in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.     

口腔种植患者的口腔护理行为调查分析

目的：了解口腔种植患者的口腔护理行为,为口腔种植患者的口腔护理健康教育提供依据。方法：对在福建省级机关医院口腔科完成口腔种植义齿修复半年以上的患者进行问卷调查。结果：3.2%患者每天刷牙3次;34.8%患者刷牙时间大于3分钟;50.2%左右患者经常使用牙线和牙缝刷;30.3%患者经常使用冲牙器;仅6.7%患者做到戒烟;49.4%患者不按医嘱定期复查;65.2%患者未能进行牙周洁治。结论：口腔种植患者在口腔专业维护方面存在偏差,应加强健康教育,同时应特别注意文化程度较低的人群。     

Primary oral leiomyosarcoma: A systematic review and update

The aim of this systematic review was to address the clinicopathologic inconsistencies noted with primary oral leiomyosarcoma in the literature by amassing the available data published into a comprehensive analysis. Eligibility criteria included publications of cases with dedicated immunohistochemical work‐up along with radiographs to evaluate location. Based on these criteria, the systematic review compiled 29 cases. Four primary location sites were identified in the reported cases: soft tissue presentation only, soft tissue with bony involvement, bony involvement only, and bony involvement with a soft tissue component. The majority of primary oral leiomyosarcoma cases reviewed showed a soft tissue predilection, which is in contrast to prior reports of jawbones being the most common site. In addition, there was an improved 5‐year survival rate for primary oral leiomyosarcoma limited to the oral cavity and gnathic bones without extension into paranasal sinuses.     

Gagging Problem Assessment: a re‐evaluation

The Gagging Problem Assessment (GPA) is an instrument to evaluate dental gagging. Although the GPA seemed to be reliable and valid in a pilot study, a replication study with more subjects was needed. Based on the pilot study, the number of items was reduced, resulting in the revised version of the GPA (GPA‐R). The aims of this study were to replicate the reliability of the GPA‐R and to investigate the correlation between dental gagging and general anxiety. Dental gagging patients (n = 59) were compared with a control group (n = 17) at t0 and 3 weeks later. The ‘gagging group’ also filled in the SCL‐90 anxiety scale. Gagging‐specific homogenous domains and internal consistency were determined. Stability and distinguishing capacity of the GPA‐R were assessed. SCL‐90‐Anxiety scores were compared with standard values in a non‐clinical population. The GPA‐R patient part was able to reliably discriminate between the absence or the presence of dental gagging. However, the reliability of the GPA‐R‐dentist part was insufficient. The GPA‐R seems to be sensitive to subtle differences in acts of the dentists. To overcome these problems, more detailed and explicit instructions on how to use the GPA‐R should be formulated and more specific gagging stimuli should be included. The ‘gagging group’ reported ‘fear of choking’ significantly more often than the control group (P = 0·008). This finding might be important for the treatment of dental gagging. Considering the outcome of our study, development of a new diagnostic gagging tool needs another approach that focuses on gagging severity.     

The oral mucosa: A barrier site participating in tissue‐specific and systemic immunity

In the oral cavity, the immune system is constantly exposed to unique tissue‐specific signals, including a rich community of commensal microbes and their metabolites, continuous tissue damage from mastication, and antigens from food and airborne particles. How this unique combination of signals participates in the training of specialized immunity at this site is not well understood, yet imbalance of local responses is linked to tissue‐specific disease susceptibilities with the prototypic disease being periodontitis. However, the oral mucosa is also well recognized as a site where systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases often manifest, indicating that systemic immune deregulation is reflected in the function of the oral immune system. This commentary will discuss both aspects of compartmentalized and systemic immunity at the oral mucosa.     

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口腔黏膜下纤维性变(oral submucous fibrosis,OSF)是一种慢性、隐匿性、具有癌变倾向的口腔黏膜病。本文对OSF的病名来由、病因、发病机制和病变的性质进行了系统的描述。     

Oral cytology revisited

During the last decade, oral cytology has once again become the focus of scientific research. This new interest is due to the introduction of a cytobrush for cell collection as well as a computer-assisted analysis (Oral CDx^®). Although promising, the sensitivity and specificity of conventional oral brush cytology remains limited. To circumvent the problems and improve the accuracy, various adjunctive analytical methods have been attempted. DNA analysis, immunocytochemical and molecular analysis are suggested methodological cytology approaches to improve the validity of oral brush cytology. An increase in sensitivity (up to 100%) and specificity (up to 100%) of oral brush biopsy has been reported on localized pre-malignant and malignant lesions. Oral brush biopsy probably will not replace histopathology in the definitive diagnosis of oral cancer, but it might be valuable for the prevention of misdiagnosis of clinically doubtful oral lesions and for the monitoring of lesions that might proceed on to oral cancer.     

Oral complications associated with cancer therapy An M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

Abstract. Oral complications associated with cancer therapy may not be inevitable. The intensity and duration can be prevented or alleviated by correcting existing oral-dental pathology and maintaining meticulous oral care. Microbial (bacterial, fungal and viral) assessment not only allows appropriate documentation of mucositis versus mucosal infection but directs therapeutic treatment.