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目的 通过社会网络调查与分析,结合“关键人物”本人意愿,确定性教育同伴教育者。方法 2014年3月通过自填式问卷调查,收集四川省成都市某中医药大学2个班119名大学新生人口学信息、个体社会网络以及“以班级为单位”的整体社会网络信息,运用SPSS 23.0软件对人口学信息进行描述分析,UCINET 6软件分析社会网络并绘制网络示意图。结果 调查对象最主要的行为亲密和私密话题网络成员是大学同学,调查对象能够获得大学同学经济支持、与其外出玩耍和聊私密话题的比例分别为95.8%(114/119)、96.6%(115/119)和91.6%(109/119)。调查对象向大学同学寻求健康咨询的比例为89.1%(106/119)。2个班共确定性教育同伴教育者17人,其中10人为班干部。结论 大学同学是大学生最重要的社会网络成员,社会网络分析可确定合适的同伴教育者。 相似文献
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[目的]评价中学生同伴教育者结核病防治知识的培训效果,为今后培训工作提供参考.[方法]采用培训前后测试比较的评估方法对培训效果进行评估.[结果]培训后同伴教育者对结核病防治知识的知晓宰和平均成绩均明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).认为有必要在学校开展结核病健康教育的占100%;认为培训时间合适的占62.5%;91.7%的同伴教育者认为本次培训收获较大;对培训教材内容和培训方法满意的分别占93.8%和81.4%;所有培训对象均有信心在自己所在班级中开展好结核病防治健康教育宣传活动.[结论]该次培训取得了较好的效果,但培训中仍存在一定问题,需在今后的培训中加以注意. 相似文献
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戒毒人员同伴教育培训效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:评价在戒毒人员中开展减低危害同件教育培训的效果.方法:采用问卷调查方式对在所戒毒人员进行培训前调查,随后开展减低危害同伴宣传员培训活动,同伴宣传员把所学知识带回住所对同舍戎毒人员进行宣传,然后对在所的戒毒人员进行培训后问卷调查,最后对培训前后的问卷调查进行分析.结果:经过一系列的减低危害同伴教育培训,戒毒人员对减低危害的知识和技能的掌握较培训前有了显著的提高,艾滋病传播途径知晓率由培训前的65.66%提高到98.95%,对HIV孕妇的母婴阻断知晓率由30.81%提高到81.25%.结论:在戒毒人员中开展减低危害同伴教育培训是减低危害的有效措施. 相似文献
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性与生殖健康同伴教育实施的方法学研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
目的探讨中学开展性与生殖健康同伴教育的方法学。方法对初一学生开展性同伴教育,在教育中和教育后运用观察、专题小组讨论和个人深入访谈进行定性研究。结果研究在同伴教育的形式、教育流程、教育内容及其以外问题的处理、现场的控制、教育场所与时间等各方面问题的处理上存在诸多优势,但也有部分缺陷;对于上述问题及关于与其他教育形式的结合、外部支持方面的问题,受访学生和教师提出了一系列意见和建议。结论研究为今后学校内开展性同伴教育从各方面提供了经验,并提出了可行性建议。 相似文献
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艾滋病的同伴教育 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
艾滋病作为一种新发传染病,自1981年被发现以来,至今已在全世界广泛蔓延,并严重地危害着人类健康、经济发展和社会安全。虽然人们已经在艾滋病的基础研究、预防与治疗方面取得了很多进展,但至今尚未研制出艾滋病病毒疫苗,也没有找到治愈艾滋病的办法。世界各国的经验表明,健康教育是预防和控制这种致死性严重传染病的主要措施。同伴教育作为一种健康教育模式,已经广泛运用于公共卫生的许多领域,包括劝阻吸烟、戒毒、预防犯罪和计划生育等。1988年,澳大利亚专家首先将同伴教育运用于医学生预防艾滋病、性传播疾病及安全性行为教育。现在,同伴教育已成为发达国家较流行的一种生殖与健康教育方式,且经验表明,同伴教育在提高人们预防艾滋病/性传播疾病知识以及转变态度、行为方面发挥了十分有效的作用。 相似文献
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艾滋病预防青年同伴教育项目 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了云南省红十字会和澳大利亚红十字会合作开展的艾滋病预防青年同伴教育项目的几个阶段,并着重介绍了项目的拓展阶段:即与不同的国际、国内组织共同合作或单独开展艾滋病预防项目的情况及成就。 相似文献
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《性教育与生殖健康》2007,(1):44-47
上海电机学院作为闵行区“青春健康项目大学生同伴教育”的示范高校,在半年试点的基础上,2004年5月9日成立了“同伴之家”协会。协会会员由青年学生志愿者组成,目前协会已有同伴教育主持人50多名,其中,30多名主持人参加过闵行区计划生育协会同伴教育主持人培训。有600多名大学生接受青春健康同伴教育生活技能培训。[第一段] 相似文献
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Karen J. Coleman Andrea Yoder Clark Maggie Shordon Leticia L. Ocana Chris Walker Rachel A. Araujo Jesica Oratowski-Coleman Athena Philis-Tsimikas 《Journal of community health》2011,36(1):23-26
The current study was designed to evaluate a unique adolescent peer type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) prevention training
program for fifth grade children. Peer educators were 22 high school students who participated in the Elementary Institute
of Science’s Commission on Science that Matters, a year-long program promoting active participation in the health and environmental
sciences. Peer education was delivered in the form of a two hour health fair. A knowledge survey was given to fifth grade
students in the classroom before the health fair began and then again in the classroom after the health fair. Fifth grade
students were able to correctly identify Type 1 DM (23 vs. 40%; P < .01), Type 2 DM (21 vs. 52%; P < .001), and the signs of diabetes (10 vs. 39%; P < .001) after the health fair. This approach could be inexpensively integrated into any community-based health promotion
with children and adolescents. 相似文献
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《Hospital practice (1995)》2013,41(12):133-145
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《The Clinical Supervisor》2013,32(2):89-102
Clinical supervision is widely recognized as critical to professional development of both practitioners and trainees. Yet, adequate clinical supervision may not be readily available to many helping professionals due to a lack of clinical supervisors with expertise, time, and interest necessary for providing supervision on a regular basis. Sharing a peer supervision relationship with a colleague can be a viable alternative or supplement to receiving supervision from an "expert" supervisor and can offer a variety of benefits not usually provided though traditional supervision. This paper provides an overview of peer supervision and presents the results of two studies of a peer supervision model in counselor education. 相似文献
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Cynthia M. Lakon John R. Hipp Cheng Wang Carter T. Butts Rupa Jose 《American journal of public health》2015,105(12):2438-2448
We used a stochastic actor-based approach to examine the effect of peer influence and peer selection—the propensity to choose friends who are similar—on smoking among adolescents. Data were collected from 1994 to 1996 from 2 schools involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, with respectively 2178 and 976 students, and different levels of smoking. Our experimental manipulations of the peer influence and selection parameters in a simulation strategy indicated that stronger peer influence decreased school-level smoking. In contrast to the assumption that a smoker may induce a nonsmoker to begin smoking, adherence to antismoking norms may result in an adolescent nonsmoker inducing a smoker to stop smoking and reduce school-level smoking.Cigarette smoking trajectories beginning in adolescence often persist into adulthood,1 as most adult smokers begin in adolescence.2 Adolescents are uniquely susceptible to peer influence3,4 making friendship networks a primary socialization context shaping smoking and friendship tie choice. Within an adolescent friendship network, youths are likely to engage in health-promotive behaviors if they affiliate with friends who condone health-promotive peer influences. Conversely, youths may engage in health-compromising behavior if their friends exert deleterious peer influences, as supported by insights from differential association theory and social control theory.5,6 Numerous studies indicate a positive relationship between friends’ smoking behavior and smoking among adolescents.7,8Social contagion models have been applied to examine the diffusion of health-compromising social influences and behavior through social networks, including smoking.4,9 Less research, however, has focused on the possibility that the diffusion of peer influence in a network may result in deleterious or salutary consequences for adolescent smoking, and even fewer studies have considered these effects at a population level. A recent review article on peer influence and adolescent development stressed the need for studies that consider the salutary effects of peer influence.3 Only a few studies have indicated that peer socialization is protective against tobacco use among adolescents.10,11Although peer influence is a potent socialization force shaping adolescent smoking, it does not act alone. Peer selection, the propensity to choose friends who are similar, is based on the principle of homophily,12 and is another salient process affecting adolescents’ friendship networks. Adolescents select friends who are similar to themselves on multiple dimensions.13 Peer selection is an alternative explanation to peer influence for the similarity in behavior among adolescent friends on many dimensions including smoking.14Stochastic actor-based models have yielded keen insights into adolescent smoking by disentangling the endogenous processes of peer influence and selection,15 while considering structural, triadic, and degree-based adolescent network characteristics.16–19 Studies to date, however, have not examined how changes in peer influence and selection affect the individual and aggregate smoking level of adolescent populations. Adolescents’ schools are a policy-relevant contained social system in which to investigate both individual and school-level smoking. We focused on these effects at both levels, as the former may give insight into the diffusion of smoking-related peer influences at an individual level within friendship networks, and the latter may be a proxy for school-level smoking norms. Understanding how smoking at both levels is affected by perturbations in these processes likely yields information about the relationship between the transmission of peer influences and selection and the simultaneous formation of school smoking–level norms, which is key for building school-based network interventions harnessing peer influence. Moreover, the approach of examining individual- and school-level smoking within a simulation framework gives insight into the sensitivity of a network system, at each level of smoking, to alterations in peer influence and selection, which is key for informing interventions.We examined how youths’ behavioral decisions regarding smoking and friendship tie choices coevolve under varying levels of peer influence and selection in school-based social network systems, which affect the overall smoking levels of these schools. We used the 2 largest schools from the special oversample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) containing network information, termed the “saturation sample” of 3145 youths in grades 9 through 12, surveyed 3 times during 1994 to 1996. We employed a stochastic actor-based model, which captures the coevolving processes of friendship tie choice and smoking.20As networks can behave as a system that exhibits nonlinearities and threshold effects, we experimentally manipulated the size of the peer influence and selection parameters over a wide range of values to explore the behavior of the network at the extreme bounds of influence and selection effects. We then simulated the network forward 1000 times for each experimental condition and assessed the level of smoking behavior at the individual and school levels. We examined the distribution of smokers and the level of smoking in the population following these manipulations. We also assessed the extent of clustering, or the occurrence of highly connected groupings of adolescents in the network, to understand how altering peer influence and selection may parse youths into densely connected clusters in the school network with youths displaying similar smoking behaviors within cluster.Few studies have used such a simulation technique to explore the consequences of changes in network processes for adolescent substance use. One exception was a study exploring the consequences for adolescent smoking when manipulating peer influence and popularity in one school from the Add Health study.21 This previous research provides key insights regarding the effects of popularity on smoking behavior; the current study complements and diverges from this study by explicitly focusing on the consequences of manipulating the size of both peer influence and selection effects over a wider range of values in 2 schools with differing levels of smoking. 相似文献
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Zambuto Valentina Palladino Benedetta Emanuela Nocentini Annalaura Menesini Ersilia 《Prevention science》2020,21(5):639-649
Prevention Science - There is a debate in scientific literature about the effectiveness of a peer-led approach to anti-bullying interventions. In order to understand which circumstances and for... 相似文献
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《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2020,52(12):1131-1138
ObjectiveAssess training needs of nutrition educators incorporating policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches into their obesity prevention efforts, to identify content for online training.MethodsConducted a national, online survey of state and local Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education professionals engaged in PSE efforts.ResultsRespondents (n = 601) rated the importance of 24 training topics related to planning, implementing, and evaluating PSE approaches. Most (21) topics were rated very important or essential, confirming the need for a comprehensive approach. Paired-sample t tests found significant differences (P <0.001) in some training needs between local and state staff (eg, training in evaluation rated higher for state staff). Training needs did not differ by program, region, or length of employment. The top 5 settings for PSE efforts were schools, farmers’ markets, food banks/pantries, community gardens, and after-school programs.Conclusions and ImplicationsResults informed the development of an online training for program implementers. Future research will be needed to assess and refine training needs further, which will evolve as nutrition educators gain more experience in PSE approaches. 相似文献
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Peer Reviewed: Assessing the Professional Development Needs of Public Health Educators in Light of Changing Competencies 下载免费PDF全文
Introduction
Because of the need for a well-trained public health workforce, professional competencies have been recently revised by the Institute of Medicine and the National Health Educator Competencies Update Project. This study compared the self-identified training needs of public health educators with the updated competencies and assessed employer support for continuing education.Methods
A convenience sample of public health educators was recruited from an e-mail list of San Jose State University master of public health alumni. Respondents completed a Web-based survey that elicited information on emerging trends in public health education, training needs, and employer support for continuing education.Results
Concerns about funding cuts and privatization of resources emerged as a theme. Key trends reported were an increase in information technology, the need for policy advocacy skills, and the importance of a lifespan approach to health issues. Primary areas for training were organization development, evaluation, and management. Although most employers were reported to support continuing education, less than two-thirds of respondents were reimbursed for expenses.Conclusion
These findings have implications for both research and practice. Innovative technologies should be developed to address health education professionals'' training needs, and emerging themes should be incorporated into curricula for students. 相似文献19.