不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策(英文)

目的分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和治疗失败原因,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性研究1978年1月～1997年12月收治的符合诊断标准的 UPCMC 111例的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率。结果全组原发灶出现率10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,总的5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N分期、原发灶控制情况,颈部控制率的影响因素为 N 分期和是否全颈放疗。结论 UPCMC 的颈部治疗应以放疗为主,部分放射不敏感病理类型的 N1、N2病例可采取放疗和手术的综合治疗;颈部放疗以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗的策略。     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策

目的分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和治疗失败原因,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性研究1978年1月-1997年12月收治的符合诊断标准的UPCMC 111例的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率。结果全组原发灶出现率10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,总的5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N 分期、原发灶控制情况,颈部控制率的影响因素为N分期和是否全颈放疗。结论UPCMC的颈部治疗应以放疗为主,部分放射不敏感病理类型的N1、N2病例可采取放疗和手术的综合治疗;颈部放疗以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗的策略。     

新疆132例舌体鳞状细胞癌的预后分析

目的 探讨影响新疆132例舌体鳞状细胞癌（TSCC）患者预后的因素。方法 病例为新疆医科大学第一附属医院2003年1月至2011年12月经病理确诊且随访资料完整的132例初治TSCC患者,其中24例未手术,108例手术（94例行颈部淋巴结清扫）;根据治疗方式分为单纯手术治疗29例,单纯放疗10例及综合治疗93例。随访患者生存情况并采用Kaplan-Meier 法进行生存分析,分析不同临床病理参数（性别、民族、年龄、分化程度、T分期、N分期、TNM分期、侵犯舌根、侵犯中线、侵犯口底及局部复发）及治疗方式（原发灶手术、放疗、化疗、颈部淋巴结清扫及手术情况）的5年生存率,同时采用Cox回归模型分析影响预后的独立因素。结果 132例患者共随访5～120个月,9例失访,随访率为93.2％。61例生存,死亡62例,其中58例死于肿瘤相关疾病。132例患者的中位生存期为80.0个月,5年生存率为59.8％。临床病理参数中不同分化程度、T分期、N分期、TNM分期、是否侵犯中线、侵犯口底和局部复发及不同治疗方式中的是否为原发灶手术、放疗、颈部淋巴结清扫和手术情况的5年生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示,分化程度、局部复发、原发灶手术、TNM分期和放疗是影响TSCC预后的独立因素。结论 原发灶彻底手术、合理颈部淋巴结清扫及预防局部复发能够改善TSCC患者的预后。早期TSCC建议首选手术治疗,而中晚期首选以手术为主的综合治疗,术后放疗的疗效较好。     

鼻咽癌放疗后颈淋巴结失败挽救手术的疗效和预后因素

目的：研究鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结残留或复发行挽救手术治疗的疗效及影响预后的因素,探讨其合理的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2001-2009年行挽救手术治疗的鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴失败患者39例的临床资料。重新评价手术标本的病理参数及肿瘤TNM分期。分析其总生存率和颈部控制情况及相关临床病理因素。结果：全组3年、5年总生存率（ OS）为63.6％、53.4％,3年、5年颈部控制率（ NCR ）为77.1％、70.0％。鼻咽癌初始治疗采用单纯放疗组OS优于同步放化疗组;rN1组OS和NCR均优于rN2/3组。复发N分期是影响OS和NCR的唯一独立因素。结论：颈清扫术是鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结失败的有效治疗手段。初始治疗方法、复发N分期与生存预后相关。复发N分期是预后的独立因素。     

上颌窦癌74例的治疗与影响预后的因素

目的：研究上颌窦癌74例的治疗与影响预后的因素。方法：1995年1月--1995年12月本院治疗74例上颌窦癌,男、女之比1.6:1,中位年龄55岁（25-76岁）,病理：鳞癌55例,腺癌8例,未分化癌等11例。T24例、T332例、T438例按AJCC分期,确诊时20例有颈部淋巴结转移,其中15例为同侧上颈部。全组原发灶单纯放疗43例,放疗 手术31例,放疗肿瘤剂量41天50Gy/28次--55天78Gy/39次。用Kaplan-Meier计算生存率、局控率、转移率,用Log-Rank进行结果之间的比较,用Gox比较风险模型行多因素分析。结果：全组五年生存率33.9%,原发灶五年失控率56.2%,颈部淋巴结五年失败率20.0%,五年远处转移率19.7%。单纯放疗组、放疗 手术组五年生存率分别为16.4%、56.1%(P=0.0003）,54例N0病例中7例在治疗中（后）出现颈部淋巴结转移,5例为同侧上颈部。N（ ）组、N（-）组的五年生存率分别为20%和41.9%(P=0.0076）。结论：综合治疗有益于上颌窦癌疗效的提高。上颌窦癌治疗失败的原因主要是原发灶,而颈部淋巴结转移多在同侧上颈部,一旦出现则预后较差。     

N0期鼻咽癌上半颈预防照射的长期随访结果

背景与目的:对N0期鼻咽癌患者的颈部预防照射,照射范围必须包括全颈还是上半颈,目前还存在争议。本研究的目的是通过回顾性分析评价N0期鼻咽癌半颈照射的合理性。方法:回顾性分析432例N0期鼻咽癌患者半颈预防照射颈部长期控制结果及相关因素。全部患者均接受根治性放疗,鼻咽中位剂量DT70Gy;颈部治疗范围只包括双侧上半颈,治疗中位剂量DT50Gy。Kaplan-Meier法计算相关生存率、颈部复发率,log-rank检验对颈部复发率差异进行分析,Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果:共有17例患者治疗后发生颈部淋巴结转移,颈部5年控制率96.06%;其中6例患者同时合并鼻咽部复发,11例单纯颈部复发。单纯野内和野外复发率分别为0.93%(4/432)和1.62%(7/432),两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.937)。63例患者有鼻咽复发,有鼻咽复发者的颈部复发率为9.52%(6/63),明显高于无鼻咽复发者的2.98%(11/371),两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。多因素分析显示鼻咽复发是影响颈部控制的独立预后因素。结论:N0期鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后颈部复发率很低,颈部预防照射范围仅包括双上颈是合理的。     

1837例鼻咽癌疗效的回顾性分析

目的 总结我院鼻咽癌常规放疗的疗效和经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2003年12月收治的1837例经病理证实的初治鼻咽癌患者.年龄8～87岁(48岁),男1403例,女434例,男:女=3.2:1.1992年福州分期T1、T2、T3、T3期分别为364、995、274、204例,N0、N1、N2、N3期分别为412、801、514、110例.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣA、ⅣB期分别为77、777、668、291、24例.959例局部晚期患者中,单纯放疗363例,综合治疗596例.855例接受以顺铂为基础化疗.鼻咽原发病灶主要采用60Coγ线、6MV X线常规分割照射,1.8～2.0 Gy/次,总剂量30.6～74.0 Gy.常规放疗结束后如鼻咽镜或CT提示有肿瘤残存者,则通过耳后野、颅底野、后装及适形加量6～20 Gy.颈部放射源用60Coγ线、180 kV X线和9 MeV电子束,N0期患者仅照射上颈部,有颈部转移者照射全颈.预防总剂量50～56 Gy,根治总剂量60～68 Gy.结果 中位随访54个月,5年总生存率、无瘤生存率、无复发生存率、无远处转移生存率分别为67.42%、63.25%、86.47%和80.31%.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣA、ⅣB期的5年生存率分别为88%、74.8%、65.9%、52.4%、20%.Ⅲ+ⅣA期959例中单纯放疗、综合治疗的5年生存率分别为63.7%和60.7%(P=0.216).Ⅲ期668例中单纯放疗(279例)和综合治疗(389例)的5年生存率分别为65.2%和66.5%(P=0.810).单因素分析显示与总的牛存有关的因素有性别、T分期、N分期、M分期、92福州分期、贫血、治疗前LDH水平、化疗、后装治疗及面颈联合野.多因素Cox回归分析显示性别、T分期、N分期、92福州分期与总生存有关.结论 鼻咽癌常规治疗5年生存率达67.4%,总生存与性别、T分期、N分期、M分期、福州分期、贫血等有关.     

NO期鼻咽癌颈淋巴结区域预防照射方式的探讨

背景与目的:鼻咽癌一侧或双侧颈部淋巴结阴性者颈部的区域预防照射范围及剂量尚无定论。本研究通过回顾性分析,探讨鼻咽癌影像学诊断N0期患者颈部预防野照射方式,并分析颈部淋巴结复发因素及预后因素。方法:收集2002年1月至2004年12月205例N0期鼻咽癌患者资料,治疗前均行鼻咽部和颈部影像学检查。采用直线加速器产生的6～8MV高能X线,以面颈联合野为主的放疗技术,鼻咽原发灶照射剂量为60～80Gy,颈部剂量为46～64Gy。常规分割、连续照射。按颈部预防照射范围将患者分为两组,半颈预防组和全颈预防组。60例进行了化疗。随访时间3～68个月,中位随访时间44个月。累积生存率采用Kaplan-Meier计算,对生存率的差异采用log-rank进行显著性检验,多因素分析采用Cox风险比例模型前进法。结果:205例N0期鼻咽癌患者,3年总生存率及无瘤生存率分别为92.9%、91.9%。半颈、全颈预防组淋巴结复发率分别为2.27%、0,T1、T2、T3、T4期患者的颈部复发率分别为0、3.08%、0、0,鼻咽无复发时、复发时的颈部淋巴结复发率分别为1.03%、0,各组淋巴结复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。半...     

颈淋巴结阴性鼻咽癌颈部的放射治疗

背景与目的:颈淋巴结阴性鼻咽癌(简称N0鼻咽癌)约占全部鼻咽癌病例的20%～30%,对这部分患者,治疗规范是在照射鼻咽病灶的同时预防照射双上颈部。但有些研究者主张行全颈预防照射。本研究分析和比较上颈部预防照射和全颈预防照射的颈部复发率和生存率的影响,以探讨N0鼻咽癌颈部的放射治疗。方法:选取178例经病理组织学确诊的N0鼻咽癌患者,其中88例接受上颈预防照射(上颈照射组),90例接受全颈预防照射(全颈照射组)。用Kaplan-M eier和log-rank法计算和比较两组生存率,用Cox模型分析影响预后的因素。结果:上颈照射组和全颈照射组的1、3、5年生存率分别为98.9%、90.9%、80.7%和97.8%、80.0%、71.1%(P=0.224);1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别是93.2%、80.7%、77.3%和85.6%、68.9%、64.4%(P=0.163);颈部复发率分别是1.14%和1.08%(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示:性别、T分期和近期疗效是影响N0鼻咽癌预后的独立因素。结论:对于颈淋巴结阴性鼻咽癌患者只需作上颈预防性照射。     

鼻咽癌原发灶复发再程放疗疗效分析

目的 :了解鼻咽癌原发灶复发再程放疗的治疗价值 ,分析鼻咽癌原发灶复发再程放疗的疗效和影响疗效的因素。方法 :1998年 4月 - 2 0 0 0年 4月 ,收治的 5 4例鼻咽癌放疗后原发灶复发患者 ,所有患者接受外照射放疗 ,放疗剂量为 4 0～ 80Gy ,2 0～ 4 0次 / 4～ 8个周。结果 :总的 3年生存率、局部控制率、远处转移率分别为 5 0 0 %、5 3 7%和 18 5 %。复发间隔时间 2 4个月以上者 ,3年生存率高 ;再程放疗剂量不低于 6 6Gy和T2 期的病例 ,3年生存率和局部控制率高。结论 :鼻咽癌放疗后原发灶复发再放疗仍是有效的治疗手段 ,尤其是对于复发间隔时间 2 4个月以上的早中期病例 ,在治疗上可采用一些非常规治疗方法 ,再程放疗总剂量不应低于 6 6Gy。     

T3声门上喉癌33例的治疗

目的：研究T3声门上癌的治疗效果，讨论分析T3病变的临床处理方法。方法：回顾1982年－1991年于中山医科大学肿瘤医院住院治疗的T3声门上喉癌33例。声门上癌原发灶均行手术治疗，其中27例行全喉切除术，6例行声门上水平部分喉切除术。颈部的处理方式包括：13例临床N（＋）的患者中2例行根治性颈淋巴结清扫术，11例行区域性颈淋巴结清扫术；20例临床N0病例中1例选择性颈淋巴结清扫术，其余19例均随诊观察。本组病例中单纯手术治疗19例，其余14例手术加放疗的综合治疗。结果：本组T3声门上喉癌治疗后的五年生存率为63．6％（21／33），五年的无瘤生存率为57．6％（19／33），Kaplan-Meier分析总体的五年累计生存率为63．9％。原发灶部分喉手术和全喉手术的五年生存率分别为80％和59．9％，Kaplan-Meier分析两者间差异无显著性（Log Rank=0.82,P=0.3646）。单纯手术和手术加放疗的五年生存率分别为56．4％和67．3％，Kaplan-Meier分析两组间差异无显著性（Log Rank＝0．61，P＝0．4341）。33例临床T3的声门上喉癌病例治疗后有5例出现原发灶复发，12例出现颈部复发，治疗对原发灶和颈部的控制率分别为84．8％（28／33）和63．6％（21／33）。结论：声门上癌侵犯会厌前间隙和舌根的T3亚型，声门上水平喉切除术可以获得较好的疗效。对于伴声带固定的T3病变，应谨慎选择部分喉手术。手术加放疗虽然不能显著影响生存率，但较单纯手术有较高的五年生存率的趋势。结合放化疗治疗声门上T3病变仍有待进一步探讨。     

Cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary: outcomes and patterns of failure

Context: Management of cervical lymph nodes metastases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from primary of unknown origin (PUO) is contentious and there is insignificant data from India on this subject. Aims: To present experience of management of these patients treated with curative intent at a single institution. Settings and Design: Retrospective study of patients treated between 1989-1994 in a tertiary referral cancer centre. Materials and Methods: Eighty-nine patients were evaluated in the study period and their survival compared with patients with common sites of primary in the head and neck with comparable node stage. Statistical analysis used: Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The clinical stage of the neck nodes at presentation was N1 in 11%, N2a in 28.5%, N2b in 22.5%, N3 in 35% and Nx in 3.4% patients. All patients underwent surgery and 70 patients received more than 40Gy postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-nine (32.6%) patients had relapse of which 19 (21%) were in the neck. Postoperative radiotherapy did not influence the neck relapse (p=0.72). Primary was detected in 13 patients (14.6%) on subsequent follow up. The overall five and eight-years survival was 55% and 51% respectively. The overall five-year survival was better compared to patients with known primary with comparable node stage. Conclusions: Patients with cervical lymph nodes metastases of SCC from PUO have reasonable survival and low rate of development of subsequent primary when treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The overall survival is comparable to that of patients with known primary and hence an attempt at cure should always be made.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx--an analysis of treatment results in 289 consecutive patients

In this retrospective study the results of primary and salvage treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated. A total of 289 consecutive patients (103 females and 186 males) were included in the study. Most tumours originated in the tonsil area (58%) and comprised stages I 8%, II 19%, III 46% and IV 28%. The primary treatment was delivered with curative intent in 276 cases (96%). Of these, 266 received primary radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 62 Gy, given as laterally opposed fields to the primary tumour and bilateral neck. Eight patients were treated with primary surgery and two with chemotherapy as part of a curatively intended treatment programme including radiotherapy. Six patients received palliative treatment, and seven were not treated at all. Out of 276 tumours treated with curative intent, 173 reappeared; 72% recurred in T position, 38% in N position, and 12% at distant metastatic sites, some in combination. Salvage surgery was possible in 52 patients, and 24 treatments were successful. Salvage radiotherapy or cryotherapy was used in 22 patients and 4 were controlled. For the entire group, the 5-year locoregional tumour control, disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 38%, 44% and 31%, respectively. For patients treated with curative intent, clinical T- and N-stage, stage, tumour size, gender, age, and pretreatment haemoglobin were significant prognostic parameters in a univariate analysis. The Cox multivariate analysis showed that T-stage, N-stage and gender were independent prognostic factors. It is concluded that T-stage, N-stage and gender are significant independent prognostic factors. The primary control of the carcinoma in the T-position is crucial for overall success, but salvage surgery is found to have a favourable success rate in patients suitable for relapse treatment.     

Lymph node metastasis in maxillary sinus carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis in maxillary sinus carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 97 patients treated for maxillary sinus carcinoma with radiotherapy at Stanford University and at the University of California, San Francisco between 1959 and 1996. Fifty-eight patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 4 had adenocarcinoma (ADE), 16 had undifferentiated carcinoma (UC), and 19 had adenoid cystic carcinoma (AC). Eight patients had T2, 36 had T3, and 53 had T4 tumors according to the 1997 AJCC staging system. Eleven patients had nodal involvement at diagnosis: 9 with SCC, 1 with UC, and 1 with AC. The most common sites of nodal involvement were ipsilateral level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. Thirty-six patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone, and 61 received a combination of surgical and radiation treatment. Thirty-six patients had neck irradiation, 25 of whom received elective neck irradiation (ENI) for N0 necks. The median follow-up for alive patients was 78 months. RESULTS: The median survival for all patients was 22 months (range: 2.4-356 months). The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals were 34% and 31%, respectively. Ten patients relapsed in the neck, with a 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse of 12%. The 5-year risk of neck relapse was 14% for SCC, 25% for ADE, and 7% for both UC and ACC. The overall risk of nodal involvement at either diagnosis or on follow-up was 28% for SCC, 25% for ADE, 12% for UC, and 10% for AC. All patients with nodal involvement had T3-4, and none had T2 tumors. ENI effectively prevented nodal relapse in patients with SCC and N0 neck; the 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse was 20% for patients without ENI and 0% for those with elective neck therapy. There was no correlation between neck relapse and primary tumor control or tumor extension into areas containing a rich lymphatic network. The most common sites of nodal relapse were in the ipsilateral level 1-2 nodal regions (11/13). Patients with nodal relapse had a significantly higher risk of distant metastasis on both univariate (p = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 4.5, p = 0.006). The 5-year actuarial risk of distant relapse was 29% for patients with neck control versus 81% for patients with neck failure. There was also a trend for decreased survival with nodal relapse. The 5-year actuarial survival was 37% for patients with neck control and 0% for patients with neck relapse. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of lymph node involvement at diagnosis in patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma was 9%. Following treatment, the 5-year risk of nodal relapse was 12%. SCC histology was associated with a high incidence of initial nodal involvement and nodal relapse. None of the patients presenting with SCC histology and N0 necks had nodal relapse after elective neck irradiation. Patients who had nodal relapse had a higher risk of distant metastasis and poorer survival. Therefore, our present policy is to consider elective neck irradiation in patients with T3-4 SCC of the maxillary sinus.     

Induction chemotherapy with mitomycin, epirubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin followed by radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Survival in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is compromised by distant metastasis. Because mitomycin is active against hypoxic and G0 cells, which may help to eradicate micrometastasis, we investigated the effect of mitomycin-containing cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Recruited for this study were American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 1992 staging system stage IV NPC patients with the following adverse features: obvious intracranial invasion, supraclavicular or bilateral neck lymph node metastasis, large neck node (> 6 cm), or elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Patients were given three cycles of chemotherapy before radiotherapy. The chemotherapy comprised a 3-week cycle of mitomycin, epirubicin, and cisplatin on day 1 and fluorouracil and leucovorin on day 8 (MEPFL). RESULTS: From January 1994 to December 1997, 111 patients were recruited. The median follow-up period was 43 months. The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60% to 80%; n = 111). For patients having completed radiotherapy (n = 100), the 5-year locoregional control rate was 70% (95% CI, 55% to 84%) and the distant metastasis-free rate was 81% (95% CI, 73% to 89%). The 5-year distant metastasis-free rate of N3a and N3b disease of AJCC 1997 staging system were 79% (95% CI, 62% to 95%) and 74% (95% CI, 60% to 89%), respectively. By Cox multivariate analysis, high pretreatment serum LDH level (P = .04) and neck nodal enlargement before radiotherapy (P = .001) were adverse prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSION: The good 5-year survival of N3 disease supports the effectiveness of induction MEPFL in the primary treatment of advanced NPC. Further investigation to incorporate concurrent chemoradiotherapy is warranted.     

Impact of target volumes and radiation technique on loco-regional control and survival for patients with unilateral cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary

Purpose

To compare the impact of an unilateral post-operative irradiation or a bilateral irradiation in terms of loco-regional control and survival in patients with cervical lymph node of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary (CUP).

Methods and materials

Ninety five patients with epidermoid carcinoma involving unilateral cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary were treated in two institutions from 1990 to 2007. Post-operative radiation therapy was delivered to one side of the neck in 59 cases, to both sides of the neck in 36 cases. There were 11 women and 84 men ranging in age from 38 to 80 years (median 59 years). Neck dissection was performed in 79 patients while 16 patients underwent single lymph node sampling only.

Results

After a median follow-up of 3.3 years, the nodal relapse rate was 34% after unilateral neck irradiation and 25% after bilateral radiotherapy (p = 0.21). Six contralateral lymph node relapses occurred after unilateral irradiation (10%). The 5-year overall survival rate of the entire group was 24%. The 5-year OS rates were 22% after unilateral irradiation and 23%, after bilateral radiotherapy (p = 0.944). The occult primary occurred in 12% after unilateral irradiation and 6% after bilateral radiotherapy. The radiation technique (3D-CRT or IMRT vs. 2D: p = 0.026) was prognostic on loco-regional control. Independent prognostic determinants on overall survival were the WHO status (p = 0.013) and the radiation technique (2D vs. 3D-CRT or IMRT; p = 0.029). There was no difference in loco-regional control (p = 0.639) and no difference in survival (p = 0.493) when chemotherapy was associated.

Conclusions

Retrospective comparisons between bilateral and unilateral neck radiotherapies did not show differences in terms of loco-regional control and survival. However, patient’s local regional control and survival are significantly improved after 3D-CRT or IMRT.     

应用无复发生存率和无远处转移生存率进行肿瘤预后的评价——附411例鼻咽癌资料分析

目的：阐述无复发生存率（ＦＬＦ）和无远处转移生存率（ＦＤＭ）在肿瘤预后研究中的重要性和必要性。方法：４１１例初次放射治疗的鼻咽癌病例资料纳入研究，以生存率、无复发生存率和无远处转移生存率为预后指标，通过ＣＯＸ比例风险模型，分析比较影响鼻咽癌生存、复发和远处转移的因素。结果：与生存有关的因素为性别，’９２分期，Ｎ分期，颈部射线；放射治疗后鼻咽肿瘤残留与鼻咽复发存在密切关系，与远处转移密切相关的因素是Ｎ分期。结论：只有应用无复发生存率（ＦＬＦ）和无远处转移生存率（ＦＤＭ）为指标，才能明确影响肿瘤复发的因素和转移的因素，这两个指标在评价治疗措施和肿瘤分期研究中均有意义。