树突状细胞体外诱导抗骨肉瘤免疫预防裸鼠HOS-8603移植瘤发生并抑制其生长

为研究树突状细胞（ＤＣ）体外诱导抗肿瘤细胞免疫能否预防裸鼠移植瘤发生及抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长，联合应用粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白细胞介素－４（ＩＬ－４）直接从骨肉瘤患者外周血中培养ＤＣ；以人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３肿瘤细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激ＤＣ；ＤＣ与同源的Ｔ淋巴细胞共培养以激活Ｔ淋巴细胞；以ＤＣ激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞预防性接种于裸鼠皮下，观察接种的人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３移植瘤发生率；并观察ＤＣ激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞对ＨＯＳ－８６０３移植瘤生长的影响。发现ＤＣ激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞不仅能抑制裸鼠人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３移植瘤生长，而且能预防该移植瘤发生。提示经肿瘤抗原激活的ＤＣ作为一新概念上的抗肿瘤疫苗有可能在肿瘤的预防及治疗中发挥重要作用。     

树突状细胞体外诱导高效而特异的抗结肠癌免疫

为达到以结肠癌患者外周血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在体外诱导抗结肠癌免疫反应的目的，以结肠癌细胞系ＬＯＶＯ肿瘤细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物激活并经ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激的结肠癌患者外周血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）体外能够诱导自体混合Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、分化为ＣＴＬ，该ＣＴＬ及其上清液对ＬＯＶＯ肿瘤细胞均有强大的杀伤力，而对ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤，该ＣＴＬ细胞及ＨＯＳ－８６０３肿瘤细胞仅有微弱的细胞毒作用。结果表明结肠癌患者外周血ＤＣ体外能够诱导高效而特异抗结肠癌免疫反应。提示ＤＣ作为一新概念上的肿瘤疫苗可能在肿瘤治疗及预防中发挥重要作用     

树突状细胞诱导抗人肝癌细胞系的肿瘤免疫

目的 以树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在体外诱导抗肝瘤免疫。方法 自肝癌患者外周血中分离ＤＣ;以粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）联合刺激ＤＣ;以人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２细胞和ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞的肿瘤相关抗原（ＴＡＡ）激活ＤＣ;ＤＣ诱导自体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、分化为细胞毒素性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）;检测ＣＴＬ对ｅｐＧ２细胞,ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞、ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞、ＬＯＶＯ细胞及ＨＯＳ－     

人骨肉瘤细胞系HOS—8603上清液抑制树突状细胞免疫功能

为研究肿瘤细胞与树突状细胞（ＤＣ）免疫功能相关性，检测正常成人外周血ＤＣ与人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３上清液培养前后ＤＣ表面人白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ－ＤＡ）及辅助免疫分子Ｂ７表达水平以及ＤＣ免疫功能变化。结果显示正常人ＤＣ经人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３上清液（５０％）培养后其表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＡ及Ｂ７表达水平明显下降，其免疫诱导能力亦相应下降；ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＡ及Ｂ７的表达水平与ＨＯＳ－８６０３上清液浓度呈负相关。提示ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＡ及Ｂ７表达水平及ＤＣ免疫功能与肿瘤细胞密切相关，肿瘤细胞可能通过分泌某些肿瘤细胞因子抑制ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＡ及Ｂ７表达，并进一步抑制ＤＣ免疫功能，从而逃避宿主免疫监视     

树突状细胞体外诱导肝癌免疫抑制裸鼠人肝癌细胞系Hep …

为研究树突状细胞（ＤＣ）体外诱发抗肿瘤免疫能否预防裸鼠发生及抑制裸鼠移植生长，联合应用粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素４（ＩＬ－４）直接从肝癌患者外周血中培养出ＤＣ；以源于人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激ＤＣ，ＤＣ激活同源的Ｔ淋巴细胞；以被激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞预防性接种于裸鼠皮下，观察进一步接种的人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２移植瘤发生；观察被激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞抑制已接种于裸鼠的人肝癌     

树突状细胞体外诱导抗肿瘤免疫通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长

研究树突状细胞（ＤＣ）体外诱导的细胞免疫抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长作用及其机理。方法：联合应用粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子ＫＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）直接从肝癌患者外周血中培养出ＤＣ,以人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２肿瘤细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激ＤＣ,ＤＣ激活同源的Ｔ淋巴细胞,建立裸鼠人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２移植瘤模型,以被激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞治疗裸鼠ＨｅｐＧ２移植瘤并观察治疗效果,检测移植瘤标本肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结果：ＤＣ诱导的Ｔ细胞免疫能够诱导裸鼠人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２移植瘤肿瘤细胞大量凋亡从而抑制裸鼠ＨｅｐＧ２移植瘤生长。结论：经肿瘤抗原激活的ＤＣ作为一新概念上的抗肿瘤疫苗有可能在肿瘤的治疗中发挥重要作用。     

树突状细胞诱导的抗肿瘤免疫抑制骨肉瘤术后复发和转移

树突状细胞（ｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃ　ｃｅｌｌ,ＤＣ）在启动抗肿瘤免疫中起关键作用。初步临床实验显示,肿瘤抗原激活的ＤＣ在黑色素瘤患者中能诱导出有效的抗肿瘤免疫［１］。我们以体外经骨肉瘤细胞肿瘤抗原粗提物激活并经粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）和白介素４（ＩＬ－４）联合刺激的骨肉瘤保肢术后患者外周血ＤＣ回输骨肉瘤患者,探讨ＤＣ在骨肉瘤患者体内诱导的抗肿瘤免疫能否抑制骨肉瘤复发和转移。１ 材料与方法１．１ 对象及材料 １９９６年１０月至１９９８年１２月病理确诊的ＥｎｎｅｋｉｎｇⅡＡ至Ｃ期骨肉瘤患者…     

超抗原活化Th1细胞介导的对肿瘤细胞杀伤效应的研究

目的：本文对超抗原葡萄球菌肠毒素Ｂ（ＳＥＢ）活化的Ｔｈ１细胞介导的对肿瘤细胞杀伤作用进行了研究。方法：人外周血淋巴细胞与ＳＥＢ共同培养,用流式细胞术测定增殖细胞亚群;用酶联双夹心法测定ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４水平,用Ｋ５６２,ＨＬ－６０肿瘤细胞和自身淋巴细胞作为靶细胞测定效应细胞和细胞因子的杀伤活性。结果：ＳＥＢ共同培养６ｄ的淋巴细胞,ＣＤ４＾＋Ｔ细胞由３７．５％增加到４８．５％;ＣＤ１６＾＋淋巴细胞由     

CM—CSF及IL—4增强树突状细胞免疫功能

目的 探讨粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）对正常成人及大肠癌患者树突状细胞（ＤＣ）表现人白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）－ＤＲ及Ｂ７等免疫分子表达及其免疫功能的影响。方法 分离正常成人（ｎ＝１０）及大肠癌患者（ｎ＝１０）外周血ＤＣ,以ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激正常成人及大肠癌者ＤＣ,检测ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激前后ＤＣ表现ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及Ｂ７表达水平及ＤＣ免疫功能变化。     

树突状细胞诱导的抗大肠癌免疫预防裸鼠移植瘤发生并抑制其生长

目的　研究大肠癌患者外周血树突状细胞（ Ｄ Ｃ）体外诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应能否预防裸鼠移植瘤发生及抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长。方法　联合应用粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ Ｇ Ｍ Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ）及白介素４（ Ｉ Ｌ４）从大肠癌患者外周血中培养出 Ｄ Ｃ;人大肠癌细胞系 Ｌ Ｏ Ｖ Ｏ 细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激 Ｄ Ｃ; Ｄ Ｃ激活同源的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞; Ｄ Ｃ激活的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞预防性接种于裸鼠皮下,观察随后接种的人大肠癌细胞系 Ｌ Ｏ Ｖ Ｏ 移植瘤发生率;观察 Ｄ Ｃ 激活的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞抑制已接种于裸鼠的人大肠癌细胞系 Ｌ Ｏ Ｖ Ｏ 移植瘤生长。结果　 Ｄ Ｃ 体外激活的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞明显能预防裸鼠人大肠癌细胞系 Ｌ Ｏ Ｖ Ｏ 移植瘤发生（预防组 １０％ , 对照组 １００％ , Ｐ＜ ０００１）; Ｄ Ｃ 体外激活的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞抑制该移植瘤生长〔对照组、治疗组 及加强 治疗组 肿瘤 大小分 别为 ８７３ｍ ｍ ２ ±１９ｍ ｍ ２ 、５６９ｍ ｍ ２ ±１７ｍ ｍ ２ 、３６１ｍ ｍ ２ ±２６ｍ ｍ ２ , Ｐ＜ ００５ 及 Ｐ＜ ００１〕。结论　大肠癌患者外周血 Ｄ Ｃ体外诱导的抗肿瘤细胞免疫反应不仅能预防人大肠癌细胞系 Ｌ Ｏ Ｖ Ｏ 裸鼠移植瘤发生,而且能抑制该移植瘤生长     

树突细胞对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗乳腺癌免疫活性影响的研究

背景与目的:树突细胞(dendriticcell,DC)又称树突状细胞,是目前已知的功能最强的抗原呈递细胞,它可以在体内、外向T淋巴细胞呈递抗原,并诱发细胞毒T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicTlymphocyte,CTL)反应。本研究旨在探讨DC激活的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumorinfiltratinglymphocytes,TIL)体外对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性。方法:从乳腺癌患者外周血获取DC,应用粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte/macrophagecolonystimulatingfactor,GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)和肿瘤抗原激活DC,然后用DC激活TIL,观察TIL在体外对自体乳腺癌细胞和Bcap-37乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果:DC激活的TIL对自体乳腺癌细胞具有很强的杀伤活性,杀伤率为(85.76±2.93)%,明显高于未经DC激活的TIL、DC激活的T淋巴细胞和未经DC激活的T淋巴细胞对自体乳腺癌细胞的杀伤率犤分别为(52.11±1.48)%、(51.35±1.46)%和(3.59±0.25)%犦。而它们对Bcap-37乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性则相对较低犤分别为(40.03±1.29)%、(22.09±0.87)%、(21.66±0.85)%和(1.76±0.14)%犦。结论:乳腺癌患者外周血DC能诱导TIL产生高效而特异的抗乳腺癌免疫活性。     

DC—CIK细胞免疫治疗骨肉瘤的研究进展

骨肉瘤是由肿瘤细胞直接形成骨或骨样组织为特征的骨骼原发恶性肿瘤,其较长见于儿童和青少年,好发于长骨的干骺端,其中股骨远端或胫骨近端多见,其次为肱骨近端,随着血液运行转移率高且早,发展迅速。以往骨肉瘤患者的临床预后差,即使选择截肢手术治疗,5年内生存率也仅为20％左右。近年来,由于多种化疗药物的发现,患者生存率得到明显提高,同时使得骨肉瘤患者的保肢治疗已成为主要趋势,对于原发无转移的患者,约70％患者可以获得长期生存。     

骨髓瘤独特型抗原致敏树突细胞诱导的主动免疫反应

背景与目的:大多数多发性骨髓瘤(multiplemyeloma,MM)无法通过大剂量化疗和造血干细胞移植治愈,应用树突细胞(DCs)瘤苗清除MM患者化疗后残留的骨髓瘤细胞,是近年来骨髓瘤免疫疗法的新策略。本研究旨在探讨负载Id的DC独特型瘤苗对自体MM细胞的体外杀伤作用。方法:从MM患者外周血中分离获取DCs前体细胞,用GM鄄CSF与IL鄄4诱导分化,培养第5天加入从患者血清中提取的IgG的F(ab’)2片段(Id),第7天加TNF鄄α促成熟,将Id冲击致敏的DCs与自体T淋巴细胞共培养3天,获得肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)。MTT法检测致敏DCs促自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力,以及患者CTLs对自体MM细胞的特异性细胞毒杀伤作用。结果:GM鄄CSF、IL鄄4和TNF鄄α联合可以有效地从MM患者外周血单核细胞中诱导出大量成熟的功能性DCs。MM患者自体血清Id冲击致敏的成熟DCs能够显著提高T细胞增殖能力,且与DC∶T的比值呈正相关;同时在1∶10时刺激细胞为负载了Id的成熟DC组刺激指数(SI)值(39.1±6.0)%,明显高于未经Id刺激的成熟DC组、经Id刺激的未成熟DC组以及未经Id刺激的未成熟DC组[(19.3±7.7)%、(15.9±6.1)%和(11.4±4.9)%]。负载了Id的成熟DC能够使幼稚T细胞活化成为肿瘤独特型CTLs,各个剂量的CTLs均能诱导出针对自体MM细胞的抑制性杀伤反应,并且     

自体宫颈癌-树突细胞疫苗激活的CTL杀伤效应

背景与目的:树突细胞(dendriticcells,DC)是目前已知的功能最强的抗原递呈细胞(antigen-presentingcell,APC),它可以在体内、外向T淋巴细胞递呈抗原,并诱发细胞毒T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicTlymphocyte,CTL)反应。本研究旨在探讨负载自体宫颈癌抗原的DC体外激发的CTL对自体宫颈癌细胞的杀伤效应。方法:先冻融宫颈癌细胞制备抗原,然后以GM-CSF、IL-4诱导自体外周血单个核细胞(peripheralbloodmononuclearcell,PBMC)获得DC并负载抗原,刺激自体T淋巴细胞制备宫颈癌抗原特异性CTL,观察CTL对宫颈癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果:负载自体宫颈癌抗原DC诱导的特异性CTL对自体宫颈癌细胞的体外杀伤率高达79.32%～89.27%,显著高于淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(lymphokine-activatedkillingcells,LAK)的杀伤率(t≥2.89,P<0.05);且对宫颈癌HeLa细胞株具有一定杀伤效应(40.35%～58.09%),但低于自体癌细胞组(t≥2.97,P<0.05);特异性CTL对HepG2、MCF7、A549、MGC803细胞无明显杀伤效应。结论:自体宫颈癌-树突细胞疫苗体外诱导的CTL具有高效而特异的抗自体宫颈癌细胞免疫活性,可望成为宫颈癌生物治疗的一个有力手段。     

The role of human glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages in mediating antitumor immune responses

Little is known about the immune performance and interactions of CNS microglia/macrophages in glioma patients. We found that microglia/macrophages were the predominant immune cell infiltrating gliomas ( approximately 1% of total cells); others identified were myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), plasmacytoid DCs, and T cells. We isolated and analyzed the immune functions of CD11b/c+CD45+ glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages (GIMs) from postoperative tissue specimens of glioma patients. Although GIMs expressed substantial levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), they did not appear stimulated to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, or interleukin 6), and in vitro, lipopolysaccharides could bind TLR-4 but could not induce GIM-mediated T-cell proliferation. Despite surface major histocompatibility complex class II expression, they lacked expression of the costimulatory molecules CD86, CD80, and CD40 critical for T-cell activation. Ex vivo, we demonstrate a corresponding lack of effector/activated T cells, as glioma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were phenotypically CD8+CD25-. By contrast, there was a prominent population of regulatory CD4 T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) infiltrating the tumor. We conclude that while GIMs may have a few intact innate immune functions, their capacity to be stimulated via TLRs, secrete cytokines, upregulate costimulatory molecules, and in turn activate antitumor effector T cells is not sufficient to initiate immune responses. Furthermore, the presence of regulatory T cells may also contribute to the lack of effective immune activation against malignant human gliomas.     

Immune responses of dendritic cells combined with tumor-derived autophagosome vaccine on hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

To induce and collect tumor-derived autophagosomes (DRibbles) from tumor cells as an antitumor vaccine by inhibiting the functions of proteasomes and lysosomes.

Methods

Dendritic cells (DCs) generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were cocultured with DRibbles, and then surface molecules of DCs, as well as surface molecules on DCs, were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immune responses of the DCs-DRibbles were examined by mixed lymphocyte reactions.

Results

DRibbles significantly induced the expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs. The enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA) showed that IFN-γ levels after vaccination increased than before in most patients, but CD8+ proportion of PBMC increased only in nine patients. Higher levels of IFN-γ were detected in the CD8+ cells than CD4+ T cells. These results suggested that DCs-DRibbles vaccine could induce antigen-specific cellular immune response on HCC and could prime strong CD8+ T cell responses, supporting it as a tumor vaccine candidate.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that HCC/DRibbles-pulsed DCs immunotherapy might be deployed as an effective antitumor vaccine for HCC immunotherapy in clinical trials.     

膀胱肿瘤抗原致敏的树突状细胞诱导T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤效应的研究

目的：研究经膀胱肿瘤抗原致敏后的树突状细胞（Dc）对T淋巴细胞的激活、增殖作用及对T24膀胱肿瘤细胞的抑癌效应。方法：分离健康供血者外周血单个核细胞及T淋巴细胞，联合应用粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）及白介素-4（IL-4）从单个核细胞中培养出Dc，以人膀胱癌细胞系T24肿瘤细胞裂解物刺激Dc，检测经膀胱肿瘤抗原致敏后的DC对T淋巴细胞的细胞增殖动力学影响并用M1rr显色法测定致敏Dc诱导的T淋巴细胞对T24膀胱肿瘤细胞体外的抗肿瘤效应。结果：膀胱癌细胞裂解物致敏的Dc可诱导T淋巴细胞强烈的增殖反应，与对照组比较具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；增殖后的T淋巴细胞对T24膀胱肿瘤细胞有明显的细胞毒作用。结论：经膀胱肿瘤抗原致敏的Dc能诱导产生显著的T淋巴细胞增殖，在体外有明显的抑癌效应。     

Platelets promote osteosarcoma cell growth through activation of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐Akt signaling axis

The interactions of tumor cells with platelets contribute to the progression of tumor malignancy, and the expression levels of platelet aggregation‐inducing factors positively correlate with the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells. However, it is unclear how tumor‐platelet interaction contributes to the proliferation of osteosarcomas. We report here that osteosarcoma‐platelet interactions induce the release of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) from platelets, which promotes the proliferation of osteosarcomas. Co‐culture of platelets with MG63 or HOS osteosarcoma cells, which could induce platelet aggregation, enhanced the proliferation of each cell line in vitro. Analysis of phospho‐antibody arrays revealed that co‐culture of MG63 cells with platelets induced the phosphorylation of platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and Akt. The addition of supernatants of osteosarcoma‐platelet reactants also increased the growth of MG63 and HOS cells as well as the level of phosphorylated‐PDGFR and ‐Akt. Sunitinib or LY294002, but not erlotinib, significantly inhibited the platelet‐induced proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, indicating that PDGF released from platelets plays an important role in the proliferation of osteosarcomas by activating the PDGFR and then Akt. Our results suggest that inhibitors that specifically target osteosarcoma‐platelet interactions may eradicate osteosarcomas.     

CD40‐independent natural killer‐cell help promotes dendritic cell vaccine‐induced T‐cell immunity against endogenous B‐cell lymphoma

It is well established that an interplay between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) gives rise to their reciprocal activation and provides a Th1‐biased cytokine milieu that fosters antitumor T‐cell responses. Ex vivo‐differentiated DCs transferred into mice strongly stimulate endogenous NK cells to produce interferon (IFN)‐γ and initiate a cascade that eventually leads to cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte responses. We show that the ability of exogenous DCs to trigger this pathway obviates CD40 signaling and CD4⁺ T‐cell help and depends on a preceding maturation step. Importantly, this mechanism was also effective in endogenously arising tumors where IFN‐γ production is compromised in contrast to transplantable tumors. In c‐myc‐transgenic mice developing spontaneous lymphomas, injection of unpulsed DCs caused NK‐cell activation and induced CD8⁺ T cells capable of recognizing the lymphoma cells. Animals treated with unpulsed DCs showed a survival benefit compared to untreated myc mice. Hence, tumor immunity induced by DC‐based vaccines not only depends on specific antigens loaded on the DCs. Rather, DC vaccines generate broader immune responses, because endogenous DCs presenting tumor antigens may also become stimulated by NK cells that were activated by exogenous DCs. Thus, the DC/NK‐cell/cytotoxic T lymphocyte axis may commonly have relevance for DC‐based vaccination protocols in clinical settings.