Brazilian consensus on public policies on alcohol

This is the summary of a meeting where a group of experts, representing several health organizations and academic departments from different parts of Brazil, created a consensus about the main alcohol policies which should be implemented by different levels of the Brazilian government. The World Health Organization has been suggesting for 30 years the actions that should be implemented for the public good. Two important conclusions were reached: 1) The research establishes beyond doubt that public health measures of proven effectiveness are available to serve the public good by reducing the widespread costs and pain related to alcohol use; 2) To that end, it is appropriate to deploy responses that influence both the total amount of alcohol consumed by a population and the high-risk contexts and drinking behaviours that are so often associated with alcohol-related problems. To conceive of these intrinsically complementary approaches as contractory alternatives would be a mistake. The objectives of the consensus are: 1) To make the scientific evidences more available to the Brazilian policy makers; 2) To facilitate the evaluation of the available strategies according their effectivity, scientific support, cost and cultural adaptability; 3) To make the Brazilian health professionals familiar with the priorities of alcohol policies.     

应重视脑卒中的综合预防

脑卒中高居人口死亡原因的第 2位 ,每年新发患者 >15 0万例 ,现有幸存者 >6 0 0万例 ,其中 75 %丧失劳动力 ,4 0 %中度致残 ,是老年人致残和认知障碍的主要原因 ,年直接或间接经济损失高达数百亿元。高血压、心脏病、房颤、糖尿病、高脂血症、无症状颈动脉狭窄以及不良生活方式 ,包括吸烟、酗酒等均为脑卒中的危险因素 ,应针对危险因素予以控制 ,并长期有效坚持 ,大部分脑卒中是可以预防的。1.高血压 :我国高血压超过 1亿人口 ,是脑卒中最常见的可控危险因素。 14项随机对照研究结果表明 ,舒张压降低 5～ 6ｍｍＨｇ可以减少脑卒中发生率的 4…     

Remarks on an educational training course on headache

In the last years several studies have been performed on migraine; however, only few topics have changed the clinical practice. Among these, there are physiopathological insights (e.g., allodynia and gastric stasis) or therapeutical evidences (e.g., topiramate) that become very important in the management of migraine and could clarify the different response to the therapies. The aim of a training school on headache should be to link research to practice without transferring contradictory data. To teach is not only to support notions with simple data: we think that knowledge has to be used according to the condition of the patient and the situation in which the migraineurs live.

     

Studies on human plasma antithrombin isolated on heparin gel

A purified antithrombin III, prepared from human plasma by affinity chromatography on heparin gels, recently became available. The preparation showed the typical kinetic patterns of antithrombin III and reacted against antithrombin III antiserum. In the present paper, its thrombin inhibitory capacity in plasma was studied after infusion in the dog.     

Clinical and experimental studies on the action of ethamsylate on haemostasis and on platelet functions

In a series of tests,the action of ethamsylate on haemostasis and on platelet functions was examined. After oral administration of the drug,a highly significant diminution of the bleeding time and of the blood loss from a standard wound was observed. This effect was demonstrated in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from platelet dysfunctions,and there was a distinct dose relation. There was also an increase of platelet adhesion,of PF 3 availability and of PF 4 release. The action of prostacyclin on the epinephrine induced platelet aggregation could be inhibited by ethamsylate. This offers a possible explanation for some of the effects on hemostasis. In addition,an action of ethamsylate on the platelet membrane was assumed since an in vitro increase of functions of the platelet membrane like PF 3 availability would not be explainable by a possible inhibition of prostacyclin.     

Laser therapy on points of acupuncture on nerve repair

正Paresthesia is the name given to a temporary or permanent sensory loss caused by several surgical procedures that affected the peripheral sensory nerve.In dentistry,common iatrogenic procedures that can lead to sensory loss include third molar removal,blocking of the inferior alveolar nerve