CME-1颈肌训练器对教练机飞行员颈肌强度的训练效果

目的通过测试以CME-1颈肌训练器训练教练机飞行员颈部各肌群的强度,探讨了颈肌训练的方法和效果,为制定提高飞行员颈肌力量和减少颈部损伤的训练方法提供参考依据。方法采用CME-1飞行员颈肌训练器对22例教练机飞行员(其中初教机和高教机各11例)进行每周3次,连续3周共9次的颈部各肌群(前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈)的强度训练,第1、3、4、6、7、9次采用等长训练模式,第2、5、8次可变阻力和可变速度训练模式,记录第1、6、9次训练后的颈肌前、后、左、右运动时,各肌群的强度及10 s最大冲量。结果 (1)训练1次和9次后,初教机组和高教机组各方向运动时,颈肌强度和10 s最大冲量之间均差异无显著性(P>0.05)。(2)训练6和9次后,各肌群的颈肌强度和10 s最大冲量较训练1次均有显著提高(P<0.05);训练9次后,颈部前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈各肌群的强度与训练1次比较,分别增长了38.9%、35.5%、60.6%和48.8%(P<0.05);10 s最大冲量与训练1次比较,分别增长了46.1%、40.0%、47.9%和48.9%(P<0.05)。结论 CME-1飞行员颈肌训练器对提高教练机飞行员的颈肌强度有较好的作用。     

战斗机飞行员颈肌强度训练效果

目的评价颈肌强度训练提高战斗机飞行员颈肌力量的效果,为寻求减少飞行员颈部损伤发生、提高战斗力的措施提供依据。方法应用CME-1型飞行员颈肌训练器对24名战斗机飞行员进行每周3次、连续3周共9次的颈肌强度训练(第1、3、4、6、7、9次为等长训练模式,第2、5、8次为可变阻力和可变速度训练模式),记录每次等长训练前、后、左、右肌群的峰值肌力均值、峰值总冲量均值,对训练前、训练2周(第6次)、训练3周(第9次)数值进行统计分析。结果训练2周,24名战斗机飞行员的前、后、左、右各肌群峰值肌力均值较训练前分别增加了38.9%、48.9%、66.6%、55.8%;训练3周较训练前分别增加49.0%、60.1%、79.9%、71.9%,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。训练2周后,24名战斗机飞行员的前、后、左、右各肌群峰值总冲量均值较训练前分别增加39.6%、49.6%、69.7%、52.7%;训练3周后,较训练前分别增加51.2%、59.9%、82.5%、65.7%,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 CME-1型飞行员颈肌训练器对提高战斗机飞行员颈肌力量有明显效果。     

EFFECT OF NECK MUSCLE STRENGTH TRAINING IN FIGHTER PILOTS

目的 评价颈肌强度训练提高战斗机飞行员颈肌力量的效果,为寻求减少飞行员颈部损伤发生、提高战斗力的措施提供依据.方法 应用CME-1型飞行员颈肌训练器对24名战斗机飞行员进行每周3次、连续3周共9次的颈肌强度训练(第1、3、4、6、7、9次为等长训练模式,第2、5、8次为可变阻力和可变速度训练模式),记录每次等长训练前、后、左、右肌群的峰值肌力均值、峰值总冲量均值,对训练前、训练2周(第6次)、训练3周(第9次)数值进行统计分析.结果 训练2周,24名战斗机飞行员的前、后、左、右各肌群峰值肌力均值较训练前分别增加了38.9％、48.9％、66.6％、55.8％；训练3周较训练前分别增加49.0％、60.1％、79.9％、71.9％,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).训练2周后,24名战斗机飞行员的前、后、左、右各肌群峰值总冲量均值较训练前分别增加39.6％、49.6％、69.7％、52.7％；训练3周后,较训练前分别增加51.2％、59.9％、82.5％、65.7％,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 CME-1型飞行员颈肌训练器对提高战斗机飞行员颈肌力量有明显效果.     

家兔颈腰肌长期受力下电阻抗和生物指标变化规律研究

目的:研究颈、腰部长期受力固定姿势过程中相关生物学指标和生物电阻抗特性指标的变化规律。方法:将家兔颈、腰部强迫受力并保持每天固定姿势4 h,实验共进行9周,每周一、周五检测生化指标肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶,每周五测量家兔颈、腰、腿3个部位的电阻抗特性,每3周拍摄一组家兔X射线片,并对家兔颈、腰、腿部肌肉做HE染色,观察肌肉细胞形态变化。结果:随着颈、腰部持续受力和保持固定姿势时间的延长,家兔颈部和腰部电阻抗均增加。综合生物学和影像学指标变化,验证了颈、腰部电阻抗值的变化与内部肌肉变性、增生和坏死有关。结论:明确了颈、腰肌肉损伤发展过程中电阻抗与颈腰肌组织形态和相关酶活性间的关系,为研究通过电阻抗特性预测颈、腰部肌肉痛奠定了生物学基础。     

不同核心训练运动处方对办公室文员非特异性腰痛的治疗效果

  目的  使用2种核心训练运动处方治疗非特异性腰痛患者，探讨不同运动处方的优缺点。
  方法  选取20名患有非特异性腰痛的办公室文员为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为腹肌训练组、腰肌训练组进行训练，测量训练前、训练后4周、3个月、6个月的腰腹肌厚度、肌力，以及视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale，VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index，ODI）评分；采用重复测量资料的方差分析探讨不同训练运动处方的治疗效果。
  结果  两组患者治疗后4周、3个月、6个月的VAS评分、ODI评分、屈腹肌力和治疗前比较，均有改善，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），腹肌训练组的ODI评分在治疗后6个月的效果优于腰肌训练组（P < 0.05）；两组竖脊肌厚度、伸腰肌力均没有随着治疗时间的推移而改善（P>0.05）；两组在治疗4周和3个月后，两侧腹直肌厚度均有明显改变（P < 0.05），但在两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；所有患者右侧腹直肌厚度的均值大于左侧均值（P < 0.05）。不同组别与测量时间对以上指标的交互效应均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
  结论  腹肌训练及腰肌训练两种核心训练运动处方对于改善非特异性腰痛患者的VAS、ODI、屈腹肌力、腹直肌厚度均有明显效果，腹肌训练对ODI的长期（6个月）改善效果更佳。两种训练对于改善伸腰肌力、竖脊肌厚度均不明显。
     

颈深屈肌训练联合关节松动术治疗慢性非特异性颈痛效果观察

目的 观察颈深屈肌训练联合关节松动术治疗慢行非特异性颈痛(chronic non-specific neck pain,CNNP)的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年5月—2017年3月治疗的CNNP患者50例,根据就诊顺序随机分为观察组和对照组各25例。两组均接受颈椎关节松动术治疗,观察组加压力生物反馈仪进行颈深屈肌训练,共治疗4周。对比两组颈椎主动活动度(active range of motion,AROM)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、颈部功能障碍评分(neck disability index,NDI)。计量资料比较采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 治疗后,两组颈椎AROM(屈曲、伸直、左右侧屈、左右旋转)、VAS和NDI评分与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,两组颈椎AROM改善幅度比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),观察组VAS和NDI评分改善幅度[(3.07±0.76)、(6.73±2.83)分]优于对照组[(1.86±0.53)、(4.64±3.12)分]。结论 颈深屈肌训练结合关节松动术治疗慢性非特异性颈痛能有效改善患者的颈椎主动活动度、疼痛及功能障碍。     

站姿和坐姿腰部表面肌电研究

目的探讨腰部肌肉功能状态的肌电评价指标，用于职业性下背痛的预防及指导人类工效学有关的研究。方法采用16通道单极表面肌电信号采集系统，测定10位健康受试者站姿和坐姿时腰部肌肉的表面肌电，分析人体不同姿势下腰部不同部位肌肉表面肌电的均方根值（RMS）和中频（MF）的变化，提出了用地形图直观地显示肌电信号特征参数的方法。结果对同一受试者，其不同部位的腰肌在同一种姿势下，肌电信号的MF和RMS具有一致的表现；而不同受试者在不同姿势时，其MF表现出一致性，而RMS则无此规律。结论MF是一个能有效地描述肌肉功能状态的参数，人体不同的姿势对腰肌疲劳的影响程度不同。     

颈肩部手术采用颈丛一点法阻滞与臂丛肌间沟法阻滞复合麻醉的体会观察

目的:对于颈肩部患有疾病的患者,手术麻醉时采用颈丛一点法以及臂丛肌间沟法阻滞进行。方法:选择50例颈肩部手术病人,将这50例病人划分为两组。Ⅰ组中的25位患者进行行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞;Ⅱ组25位患者进行行肌间沟臂丛以及颈浅丛神经阻滞。记录镇痛等级、生命体征、并发症。结果:镇痛效果Ⅰ组有效率为60%,Ⅱ组为96%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。生命体征,Ⅰ组患者BP、HR术中较术前升高,与术前比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);术中Ⅱ组BP、HR较Ⅰ组低,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:Ⅱ组经过手术,复合麻痹用于肩锁关节脱位减缓疼痛效果明显,安全可靠,无并发症发生。     

针药并用治疗急性腰肌扭伤的观察与护理

目的观察针剌与熨敷药物治疗护理急性腰肌扭伤的疗效.方法73例急性腰肌扭伤患者,采用针刺、药物熨敷同施;针刺选穴肾俞、气海俞、昆仑、阳陵泉.结果治愈71例,有效2例,有效率100%.结论针刺与药物熨敷并用治疗急性腰肌扭伤疗效高,疗程短,病人易于接受.     

颈肌改变与颈椎病关系的研究进展

颈椎病是临床上很常见的类型,其发病机制和病因尚未完全明确。从传统认识认为颈椎病属退行性疾病,与椎间盘突出有关,近年来研究证实颈椎病的发生与颈椎周围的颈肌改变或病变有紧密关系。颈肌由于本身的解剖和生理特点及生物学特性决定其容易发生劳损和退变,颈肌的改变致使肌肉张力不平衡,导致颈椎静力平衡失调,引起颈椎骨关节系统发生病变。现将颈肌改变与颈椎病关系的研究进展进行如下综述。     

一种腰部助动康复器的设计

目的：设计一种腰部助动康复器,在增强腰部肌力的同时不加重腰椎的负荷,从而可对腰部肌体进行功能恢复训练。方法：利用电动机和变速器驱动变速器的输出轴上铰接的主动偏心轮,带动从动偏心轮和＂⊥＂型连杆运动,进一步带动位于腰部的半圆弧型运动支架运动。结果：特别设计的半圆弧型运动支架能够让腰部肌体达到360°全方位锻炼。结论：该设计结构简单、操作方便、效果好,是较好的主动训练器材,特别适用于康复期患者腰部肌体的功能恢复训练。     

仿生物电刺激联合核心运动训练对产后腹直肌分离的疗效观察

目的 观察仿生物电刺激联合核心运动训练对产后腹直肌分离患者超声下腹直肌间距的影响观察。方法 选取2019年8月—2020年11月本院住院治疗产后腹直肌分离患者90例,按随机表法分为联合组及常规组,每组45例,常规组给予常规术后治疗及核心运动训练,联合组在常规组基础上加用仿生物电刺激,观察两组患者腹直肌分离距离、腹围及疗效。结果 治疗前联合组脐上围、脐围、脐下围分别为(85.74±4.86)、(87.81±5.72)、(92.68±5.62)cm,与常规组的(85.33±4.21)、(87.44±5.09)、( 92.14±5.82)cm比较,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),治疗后联合组脐上围、脐围、脐下围分别为(81.82±3.81)、(79.91±4.67)、(84.62±5.07)cm,均短于常规组的(83.92±3.97)、(85.83±5.01)、(90.14±5.21)cm,(t=2.560、14.613、5.094,P值均<0.05);联合组总有效率为95.56%,高于常规组的82.22%,(χ2=4.050,P=0.044);产后4周联合组腹直肌距离为(3.66±0.18)cm,短于常规组的(4.14±0.14)cm,(t=14.120,P<0.001),产后6周联合组腹直肌距离为(3.10±0.28)cm,短于常规组的(3.47±0.21)cm,(t=7.092,P<0.001)。结论 仿生物电刺激联合核心运动训练可有效缩短腹直肌间距,减轻产妇腰背部负担,促进肌肉力量的恢复。     

Effects of Feeding Time on Markers of Muscle Metabolic Flexibility Following Acute Aerobic Exercise in Trained Mice Undergoing Time Restricted Feeding

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is becoming a popular way of eating in physically active populations, despite a lack of research on metabolic and performance outcomes as they relate to the timing of food consumption in relation to the time of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of feeding/fasting after exercise training differently affects muscle metabolic flexibility and response to an acute bout of exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to one of three groups for 8 weeks. The control had ad libitum access to food before and after exercise training. TRF-immediate had immediate access to food for 6 h following exercise training and the TRF-delayed group had access to food 5-h post exercise for 6 h. The timing of fasting did not impact performance in a run to fatigue despite TRF groups having lower hindlimb muscle mass. TRF-delayed had lower levels of muscle HSL mRNA expression and lower levels of PGC-1α expression but displayed no changes in electron transport chain enzymes. These results suggest that in young populations consuming a healthy diet and exercising, the timing of fasting may not substantially impact metabolic flexibility and running performance.     

Detraining Effects on Muscle Quality in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia. Follow-Up of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)

The present study aimed to determine the effect of detraining on muscle quality (MQ) in older men with osteosarcopenia. Forty-three community-dwelling older men (78 ± 4 years) were randomly allocated to a consistently supervised high-intensity resistance exercise training (HIRT) group (n = 21) or a control group (CG, n = 22). The HIRT scheduled a periodized single set protocol twice weekly. After the intervention, the men were subjected to six months of detraining. Muscle quality (MQ), defined as maximum isokinetic hip/leg extensor strength per unit of mid-thigh intra-fascia volume, was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or per unit of thigh muscle mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputations was applied. We observed significant exercise effects for MQ (p = 0.001). During detraining, the HIRT group lost about one-third of the intervention-induced gain and displayed significantly (p = 0.001) higher MQ reductions compared to the CG. Nevertheless, after training and detraining, the overall intervention effect on MQ remained significant (p ≤ 0.004). In summary, six months of absence from HIRT induce a significant deleterious effect on MQ in older osteosarcopenic men. We conclude that intermitted training programs with training breaks of six months and longer should be replaced by largely continuous exercise programs, at least when addressing MQ parameters.     

The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Explosive Performance and Optimal Individual Postactivation Potentiation Time

Creatine plays an important role in muscle energy metabolism. Postactivation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon that can acutely increase muscle power, but it is an individualized process that is influenced by muscle fatigue. This study examined the effects of creatine supplementation on explosive performance and the optimal individual PAP time during a set of complex training bouts. Thirty explosive athletes performed tests of back squat for one repetition maximum (1RM) strength and complex training bouts for determining the individual optimal timing of PAP, height and peak power of a counter movement jump before and after the supplementation. Subjects were assigned to a creatine or placebo group and then consumed 20 g of creatine or carboxymethyl cellulose per day for six days. After the supplementation, the 1RM strength in the creatine group significantly increased (p < 0.05). The optimal individual PAP time in the creatine group was also significant earlier than the pre-supplementation and post-supplementation of the placebo group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in jump performance between the groups. This study demonstrates that creatine supplementation improves maximal muscle strength and the optimal individual PAP time of complex training but has no effect on explosive performance.     

Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice

It is well known that supplementation with high protein after exercise can effectively promote muscle synthesis and repair, while green tea is rich in catechins that have antioxidant effects. We aimed to explore the effects of green tea combined with isolated soy protein on increase muscle mass in resistance-trained mice. A total of 32 male ICR mice (8-weeks old) were divided into four groups (n = 8/group), sedentary control group (SC), isolated soy protein with green tea group (ISPG), resistance training group (RT), isolated soy protein and green tea combine with resistance training group (ISPG + RT). All mice received control or ISPG by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks. Forelimb grip and exhaustive swimming time were used for exercise performance evaluation. In biochemical profile, we analyzed lactate, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) after exercise as biochemical parameters of exercise fatigue. The grip strength, muscular endurance, and exhaustive swimming time of the ISPG + RT group were significantly increased than other groups (p < 0.05), and also significantly decreased in serum lactate and ammonia levels (p < 0.05, respectively). The ISP + RT group was not only increased in quadriceps weight, (p < 0.05) but also decreased EFP (p < 0.05). We recommend using a 4-week supplementation with ISPG, combined with RT, to increase muscle mass, exercise performance, glycogen storage, and reduce fatigue biochemical parameters after exercise. The benefits of long-term supplementation or application to human supplementation can be further explored in the future.     

Flexi-bar振动杆训练对大学生肩颈痛疗效研究

目的探讨Flexi-bar振动杆训练治疗大学生肩颈痛的疗效。方法将90例大学生肩颈痛患者随机分为3组,分别是Flexi-bar振动杆训练组、颈椎操训练组和空白对照组。进行为期1个月的运动干预,采用VAS疼痛计分和颈部活动度分析两种方法进行评估。结果Flexi-bar振动杆训练组、颈椎操训练组大学生的肩颈痛疼症状均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但Flexi-bar振动杆训练组的疗效优于颈椎操训练组(P<0.01)。仅Flexi-bar振动杆训练组颈椎主动活动度的六个方向均有显著改善,训练前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Flexi-bar振动杆训练对大学生肩颈痛的干预效果比较明显,是一种疗效好、持久、安全的运动疗法。