生物安全柜的质量控制

目的:分析生物安全柜的质量和性能,保障实验室人员安全、可靠地使用生物安全柜。方法:根据国内外相关标准,分析和比较了生物安全柜性能检测的内容和关键项目。结果:生物安全柜的物理和生物性能检测至少包括柜体防泄漏,高效过滤器完整性,下降气流流速,流入气流流速,气流模式,人员、产品与交叉污染保护。结论:国家应制定强制性法规,规定生物安全柜的质量控制;实验室应建立质量管理制度,对生物安全柜进行周期检测。     

医院临床用生物安全柜的选择和使用

生物安全柜的作用是有效降低实验室获得感染的机会,减少人与样品或样品之间交叉污染的机会,用于保护操作人员,保护实验室周围环境,保护操作样品的生物安全。本文旨在通过生物安全柜的隔离屏障原理和设计思想的阐述,引导使用人员正确合理选用生物安全柜。     

选择Ⅱ级生物安全柜存在的问题和遵从的基本原则

阐述了不同型别的II级生物安全柜的工作原理和防护性能;论述了当前国内在选购II级生物安全柜时,存在的一些误区。根据II级生物安全柜的防护性能,以及不同级别的病原微生物实验室的实际工作,提出了选择II级生物安全柜的基本原则。     

生物安全柜性能测试及风险评估

目前，生物安全柜的应用越来越受到人们的关注。随着生物安全柜使用的推广，人们对于生物安全柜的要求已经不仅仅局限于性能要求，风险评估逐渐受到人们的关注。本文将介绍一种有效的生物安全柜风险评估方法，希望对生物安全柜的安全使用有所帮助。     

上海市实验室生物安全柜规范使用现况调查

<正>生物安全柜是病原微生物实验室生物安全防护的重要部分,合理规范地使用生物安全柜是确保二级病原微生物实验室生物安全,防止实验室感染的关键。本调查在初步掌握本市生物实验室的数量、分布、生物安全概况的基础上,以二级病原微生物实验室的生物安全柜的规范使用为调查入口,进一步掌握本市二级病原微生物生     

生物安全柜原理及其应用

针对当前实验室在使用生物安全柜中发现的问题和认识上存在的误区,从生物安全柜的原理、如何正确使用生物安全柜等问题进行叙述.由此证明生物安全柜就其设计原理而言都能保护环境.而正确使用生物安全柜可以有效减少由于气溶胶暴露所造成的实验室感染以及培养物交叉污染.确保其操作者本人、实验室环境以及实验材料的安全.     

生物安全柜质量性能的检测与评价

目的：分析生物安全柜的质量和性能，保障实验室人员安全、可靠的使用生物安全柜。方法：对生物安全柜的性能缺陷进行识别、检测和评价，对使用情况进行调查。结果：检测中出现噪声超标的现象。结论该生物安全柜存在部分缺陷，实验室应制定有效的安全柜使用管理制度，提供必要的防护设施和防护手段，确保实验室人员的安全。     

Ⅲ级安全柜特点分析

随着生物安全柜在实验室及医疗设备机构的广泛应用,生物安全防护污染也逐渐引起人们的重视,因此对生物安全防护的要求也逐渐提高。《Ⅲ级生物安全柜特点分析》对Ⅲ级生物安全柜的性能、结构、原理做明确的说明和介绍,并与Ⅱ级生物安全柜的特点进行分析对比。为进一步使用Ⅲ级生物安全柜,为生物安全实验室建设过程中对安全柜的选择提供参考。     

生物安全柜的性能检测与质量控制

目的通过对生物安全柜的性能检测,以掌握其性能现状,提高使用的安全性。方法依据《生物安全柜》标准,对生物安全性等6个必检项目进行性能检测。结果 6个检测项目符合技术要求,生物安全柜性能合格。结论加强医疗设备质量控制关系重大,不容忽视。     

生物安全柜安全使用,维护及注意事项

进入二十一世纪,生物安全柜在医疗卫生、食品卫生、生物制药等领域的生物实验室已被广泛应用,充分发挥它的优势起到良好作用,但由于曾有人对其重视不够发生生物安全事故导致操作人员感染身亡.生物安全柜安全问题必须引起高度重视,不要认为它只是一个带过滤器的铁柜子,定期更换过滤器就"OK"了.只有高度重视,保持生物安全柜的安全性能,严格遵守操作规程,才能杜绝生物安全事故的发生.为大家安全用好生物安全柜,本文就生物安全柜的结构原理、性能、检修和使用与大家一起探讨,以便在解决生物安全柜的"安全使用"问题上有所帮助.     

Differences in the effects of mercury on Telson regeneration in two populations of the grass shrimpPalaemonetes pugio

AdultPalaemonetes pugio were collected from two tidal creek systems, Piles Creek (PC), a mercury polluted estuary, and Big Sheeps head Creek (BSC), a relatively non-polluted creek in New Jersey. Telsons were ablated from shrimp in each population. Twenty ablated individuals from each population were placed in each of the following concentrations: 20 g/L artificial sea water (ASW), 20 g/L ASW with 0.01 mg/L mercuric chloride (HgCl₂), or 20 g/L ASW with 0.01 mg/L methyl-mercuric chloride (meHg). In addition, 20 BSC shrimp were pre-treated with each of the following prior to ablatement: 0.01 mg/L HgCl₂ or 0.01 mg/L meHg. No significant difference between the control group and treated animals was noted in the PC population with respect to all parameters examined. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between BSC controls and BSC shrimp treated with HgCl₂, which had not been pre-treated, with respect to survival at molt, in that controls had a greater survival rate. No such difference was noted between BSC control animals, and animals pretreated with HgCl₂. In addition, BSC shrimp treated with meHg had a significantly (P < 0.05) shorter intermolt period when compared to BSC control shrimp, and BSC meHg pre-treated shrimp had a significantly shorter intermolt period than did meHg-treated shrimp which had not been pretreated.     

Effects of mercury on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)

Tolerance to mercury in two populations of the grass shrimpPalaemonetes pugio was examined at different stages of this animal's life cycle. One population came from a mercury-contaminated creek, Piles Creek (PC), near industrialized Linden, New Jersey. The other population came from a relatively clean area, Big Sheepshead Creek (BSC), near non-industrialized Tuckerton, New Jersey. Larval grass shrimp showed no significant difference between populations in terms of mortality in 0.01 mg/L HgCl₂, although treated BSC larvae metamorphosed significantly (P < 0.05) more slowly than their respective control group. While no BSC larvae survived the 0.0125 mg/L methylmercuric chloride (meHg) treatment, PC larvae exposed to 0.0125 mg/L meHg survived as well as their controls, indicating enhanced tolerance to meHg in this population.Adult shrimp were exposed for 14 days to control, 0.025 mg/L meHg, 0.025 mg/L HgCl₂, 0.05 mg/L meHg, or 0.05 mg/L HgCl₂ PC shrimp were significantly (P < 0.05) more tolerant to both 0.025 mg/L meHg, and 0.025 mg/L HgCl₂ than were the BSC adults.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that both populations of shrimp are capable of producing a metallothionein like protein (MT) in response to treatment with HgCl₂; MT is found in higher levels in field-caught PC shrimp than in field-caught BSC shrimp. MT was not present in field-collected, viable eggs from either population.     

Effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats.

The effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate (BSC) and its analogue, benzylthiocyanate (BTC), and sodium selenite during the initiation and postinitiation phases of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in male F344 rats. Animals intended for initiation study were fed the high-fat (23.5% corn oil) diets containing 25, 50, and 100 ppm BSC (10, 20, and 40 ppm selenium, respectively) and 100 ppm BTC and 4 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite in drinking water); those intended for postinitiation study were fed the high-fat control diet. Two weeks later, all animals were injected subcutaneously with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt) once weekly for two weeks. Three days after the last AOM injection, animals in the initiation and postinitiation studies were transferred respectively to the high-fat diet and high-fat diets containing BSC and BTC and sodium selenite in drinking water. This regimen was continued until 36 weeks post-AOM injection. BSC inhibited the small intestinal and colon adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas when fed during the postinitiation phase. Sodium selenite inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas only during the postinitiation phase. BTC had no inhibitory effect when fed during the initiation and postinitiation phases. The colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity was significantly inhibited by the administration of all three compounds, BSC (78%), BTC (62%), and sodium selenite (44%). It is concluded that the BSC has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal carcinogenesis in animals fed the high-fat diet.     

A process evaluation of a health care Balanced Scorecard

The purpose of this study was to assess a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) process in health care. Specifically, this study evaluated how a BSC was implemented by the emergency medicine service line within one integrated delivery system (IDS). The study compared the BSC definition process used by the service line with the definition process that is recommended by the originators of the BSC. Also, the maturity of the service line's BSC production process was assessed using IBM's business process evaluation methodology. In comparing the service line's BSC approach to the BSC originators' three phases of a BSC, the service line was found to follow the protocol, with the exception of Phase One. The service line's BSC process, overall, received a "beginner" rating. It is recommended that practitioners and researchers consider using the checklist that was developed and used in this study for process certification of a BSC. In addition, a questionnaire is provided for use in future BSC evaluations within the health care industry.     

乳腺干细胞的识别、再生、分化及其调控

乳腺发育与再生取决于乳腺干细胞的再生。乳腺干细胞及其龛于乳腺导管发育时期分布在乳腺原基导管终端芽(TEB)帽区,在成体乳腺,以规则性的间距分布在整个乳腺导管系统,而主要位于终末导管(TD)。可利用表型标记、Sp分析及体外培养乳腺球形成以识别乳腺干细胞。乳腺干细胞后代的级别分化首先是双能祖细胞,而后,腔限制性与肌限制性细胞。妊娠可诱发具自我更新性与多能性的上皮细胞亚型PI-MEC。小鼠乳腺干细胞在青春期与妊娠期分别由雌激素与孕激素调控。乳腺干/祖细胞的自我更新与分化受Wnt、Hedgehog、Notch与TGF-beta等信号转导系统相关的诸多因素调控。     

生物安全柜高效过滤器完整性测试与分析

高效过滤的完整性是生物安全柜安全使用的重要性能,也是操作使用者高度关注和检测过程中经常遇到的问题。通过对生物安全柜高效过滤的完整性的测试和分析、评价,为《生物安全柜检测/校准方法研究》课题研究和《生物安全柜性能测评方法》的制定提供技术支持,从而保证在用生物安全柜的安全、可靠。     

平衡计分卡在我国医院管理中的研究、应用及挑战

平衡计分卡（BSC）于2000年被引入我国医院管理中，为医院管理的研究和实践提供了新的思路和方法。在理论研究中，国内对BSC在医院管理中的研究探讨，主要集中在绩效评价和薪酬制度设计方面：在管理实践上，国内一些医院开始对将BSC作为管理工具进行了有益探索。但在现实中有一系列困难制约了BSC在医院管理中的进一步应用，其中既有主观认识上的偏差，又有客观现实中的问题，还有BSC自身存在的不足。     

Effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate on azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in Male F344 rats

The effect of dietary benzylselenocyanate (BSCJ and its analogue, benzylthiocyanate (BTC), and sodium selenite during the initiation and postinitiation phases of azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in male F344 rats. Animals intended for initiation study were fed the high‐fat (23.5% corn oil) diets containing 25, 50, and 100 ppm BSC (10, 20, and 40 ppm selenium, respectively) and 100 ppm BTC and 4 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite in drinking water); those intended for postinitiation study were fed the high‐fat control diet. Two weeks later, all animals were injected subcutaneously with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt) once weekly for two weeks. Three days after the last AOM injection, animals in the initiation and postinitiation studies were transferred respectively to the high‐fat diet and high‐fat diets containing BSC and BTC and sodium selenite in drinking water. This regimen was continued until 36 weeks post‐AOM injection. BSC inhibited the small intestinal and colon adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas when fed during the postinitiation phase. Sodium selenite inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of colon adenocarcinomas only during the postinitiation phase. BTC had no inhibitory effect when fed during the initiation and postinitiation phases. The colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity was significantly inhibited by the administration of all three compounds, BSC (78%), BTC (62%), and sodium selenite (44%). It is concluded that the BSC has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal carcinogenesis in animals fed the high‐fat diet.     

公立医院预算管理内部控制建设:基于COSO框架的分析

目的:探讨公立医院预算管理内部控制的路径。方法:基于COSO理论框架,分析公立医院预算管理内部控制中存在的问题及产生原因,借鉴平衡计分卡四维度管理模型,完善公立医院预算管理内部控制操作流程。结果:内部控制直接影响了预算管理的质量。结论:加强公立医院预算管理活动的控制环境建设,强化经济管理活动风险意识,结合平衡计分卡的管理思想,构建以不相容职务相分离为原则的预算管理控制体系。