三种检测方法对梅毒血清学诊断价值的评价

目的：评价ELISA、RPR、TRUST对梅毒的诊断价值。方法：用ELISA与RPR、TRUST对205例阳性标本和1254例献血员标本检测结果进行对比试验。结果：ELISA明显优于RPR和TRUST法,结果有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。结论：ELISA在输血工作中应用可提高输血安全性。     

四种梅毒血清学实验检测方法的比较

目的比较四种梅毒血清学实验检测方法的准确性及在临床诊断中的价值。方法分别用甲苯氨红不加热实验（TRUST）、酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝胶实验（TPPA）、化学发光法检测180例梅毒血清样本。结果TRUST、ELISA、TPPA、化学发光法的敏感性分别为86．11％、97．78％、99．44％、98．89％，特异性分别为81．25％、98，75％、100％、98．75％。以TPPA作为标准．ELISA和化学发光法的敏感性高于TRUST，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），特异性ELISA和化学发光法间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论ELISA和化学发光法可作为TPPA的替代实验，在临床中广泛应用。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血46例疗效观察

目的观察微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法91例脑出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组．分别采用微创颅内血肿清除术和内科保守治疗。结果治疗组的治愈率为58．7％，显著高于对照组15．6％（P〈0．001），而致残率（15．2％）和死亡率（26．1％）则显著低于对照组的35．6％和48．9％（P均〈0．01）。治疗组发生肺部感染、消化道出血、急性肾功能衰竭及再出血等并发症的比率与对照组相似，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05））。结论微创颅内血肿清除术是治疗脑出血的有效措施，值得在临床推广应用。     

高压氧在肢体创伤术后辅助治疗疗效观察

目的探讨高压氧辅助治疗对肢体创伤术后促进组织修复的临床治疗价值。方法将268例肢体创伤术后的患者分成两组,其中对照组136例,采用常规治疗。治疗组132例,采取在常规治疗的基础上辅助高压氧治疗。结果治疗组的治愈率为73．48％,高于对照组的57.35％（P〈0．05）;治疗组的显效率为22．72％,高于对照组的19．12％（P〈0．05）;治疗组的总有效率为96．2％,高于对照组的76．47％（P〈0．05）。结论肢体创伤术后辅助高压氧治疗,可明显减轻组织的炎症反应及感染,改善微循环,减轻组织水肿,促进创伤肢体愈合,提高治愈率。     

广州市天河区2006—2008年孕产妇梅毒感染状况调查

目的了解天河区孕产妇梅毒感染状况,为梅毒防治决策提供依据。方法对2006—2008年在本院产科门诊产检的孕妇10754例,采用TRUST作梅毒抗体初筛试验,采用TPPA作梅毒抗体确认试验。结果广州市天河区孕妇梅毒感染率逐年上升,其中2006年3012例孕妇梅毒感染率为1．39％,2007年3727例孕妇梅毒感染率为2．20％,2008年4015例孕妇梅毒感染率为2.81％。不同年龄组孕产妇梅毒阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．0415,P〉0．05）;不同职业的孕产妇梅毒阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=20．453,P〈0．05）;不同文化程度的孕产妇梅毒阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=47．52,P〈0．05）。结论对孕妇进行梅毒血清学检测及规范治疗是杜绝先天梅毒、切断母婴垂直传播的有效方法和措施。     

珍珠散协同爱宝疗治疗重度宫颈糜烂的临床疗效与药物经济学研究

目的观察中药珍珠散协同爱宝疗浓缩液治疗重度官颈糜烂临床疗效和药物经济学效益。方法将有生育要求的Ⅲ度官颈糜烂患者111例随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组用中药珍珠散联合爱宝疗浓缩液治疗，对照组则单用爱宝疗浓缩液治疗，均每3d治疗一次。45d后，比较两组疗效、疗程及治疗费用。结果治疗组治愈率明显高于对照组（67．9％vs36．4％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组费用明显低于对照组[（371．6±138．4）vs（483．6±36．6）]元（P〈0．01）。治疗组治疗时间比对照组显著缩短[（32．4±12．1）vs（44．0±3．3）]d（P〈0．01）。治疗组中提前结束治疗患者多于对照组（35／56vs6／55，P〈0．05）。治疗组与对照组均未见副作用发生。结论珍珠散协同爱宝疗浓缩液治疗重度官颈糜烂疗效好，药物经济学效益高，值得临床推广。     

中晚期巨块型原发性肝癌的介入热化疗栓塞治疗

目的探讨介入热化疗栓塞（IHC）治疗巨块型原发性肝癌的疗效,并与经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）进行对比。方法IHC治疗的中晚期巨块型原发性肝癌患者68例作为观察组,同期单纯行TACE治疗32例患者作为对照组。比较2组患者的疗效、生存质量、二次手术率、血清AFP下降程度、生存率及毒副作用。结果观察组有效率（79．4％）显著高于对照组（56．3％）,P〈0．05。观察组经治疗后二次手术切除率（70．6％）显著高于对照组（43．8％）,P〈0．01。观察组经治疗后Karnofsky评分增加20分以上者（35．3％）显著高于对照组（12．5％）,P〈0．01;AFP下降程度大于50％者所占比例（52．9％）显著高于对照组（25．0％）,P〈0．01。观察组术后12、18、24个月患者存活率均分别显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论IHC治疗巨块型原发性肝癌疗效显著,可增加患者二次手术的机会,是治疗巨块型肝癌安全有效的治疗方式之一。     

高血压脑出血救治中超早期锁孔手术的疗效分析

目的分析高血压脑出血救治中超早期锁孔手术的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2012年10月在我院接受外科治疗的高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,依据患者手术方式不同分为观察组（锁孔手术组）和对照组（小骨窗手术组）。比较2组患者手术时间、血肿清除率、术后并发症及神经功能恢复等指标。结果观察组手术时间显著短于对照组（P〈0．001）;观察组患者拔管时血肿清除率与对照组患者相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;观察组患者术后并发症显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组术后代谢及电解质紊乱发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;术后28d观察组患者SSS评分显著高于对照组患者（P〈0．05）。观察组患者术后6个月ADL评分优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高血压脑出血的外科治疗中,锁孔手术与小骨窗手术相比具有术中损伤小、术后并发症及代谢紊乱发生率低、近期及远期（6个月）神经功能恢复良好等优点。     

莫沙必利联合帕罗西汀治疗功能性消化不良的疗效

目的观察莫沙必利联合帕罗西汀治疗功能性消化不良的临床疗效。方法将112例功能性消化不良患者随机分为治疗组和对照组（各56例）。两组均给予莫沙必利5mg,每日3次13服;治疗组在此基础上加用帕罗西汀20mg／d,晨服,疗程均为4周。结果治疗组的显效率（67．9％）和总有效率（89．3％）均优于对照组（分别为41．1％和69．6％,P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后的HAMA和HAMD评分均显著低于对照组（P均〈0．01）。治疗组在治疗后3月的复发率（12．5％）也明显低于对照组（30．4％,P〈0．05）。结论莫沙必利联合帕罗西汀治疗功能性消化不良疗效好．不良反应少。     

银杏叶提取物注射液在冠心病心绞痛治疗中的临床研究

目的研究银杏叶提取物注射液在冠心病心绞痛治疗中的临床效果。方法选择符合WHO诊断标准的冠心病心绞痛患者110例，随机分为银杏叶提取物注射液（治疗组）60例和复方丹参注射液（对照组）50例进行临床观察。结果控制心绞痛治疗组总有效率84．3％，对照组总有效率66．2％，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；心电图改善治疗组总有效率65．7％，对照组总有效率44．6％，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；降低血液黏度作用显著（P〈0．05）。结论银杏叶提取物注射液能明显改善心肌缺血，缓解心绞痛，降低血液黏度，作用优于复方丹参注射液，是治疗冠心病心绞痛的理想药物。     

Attitudes toward integration of complementary and alternative medicine in primary care: perspectives of patients, physicians and complementary practitioners

OBJECTIVE: Our study explored the attitudes of patients toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, their family physicians' role regarding CAM, and models for CAM referral and treatment. We compared patients' perspectives regarding integration of CAM into primary care with attitudes of primary care physicians (PCPs) and CAM practitioners. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review and focus group discussions to develop a questionnaire, which we gave to three groups: a random sample of patients receiving care at an academic family medicine clinic and PCPs and CAM practitioners employed in the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. RESULTS: A total of 1150 patients, 333 PCPs, and 241 CAM practitioners responded to our questionnaire. Compared with PCPs, patients expected their family physician to refer them to CAM, to have updated knowledge about CAM, and to offer CAM treatment in the clinic based on appropriate training. When asked about CAM integration into medical care, more patients expected to receive CAM in a primary care setting compared to PCPs' expectations of prescribing CAM (62% vs. 30%; p=0.0001). Patients, CAM practitioners, and PCPs expected family practitioners to generate CAM referrals in an integrative primary care setting (85.6% vs. 82.4% vs. 62.6%; p<0.0001). Patients supported CAM practitioners providing CAM treatments in the primary care setting, regardless of whether the practitioner held a medical degree (MD). Also, more patients than PCPs or CAM practitioners expected their family physician to provide CAM (28.2% vs. 14.5% vs. 3.8%; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients, PCPs, and CAM practitioners suggested that family physicians play a central role in CAM referral and, to a lesser extent, that they actually provide CAM treatment themselves. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: PCPs need to be aware of their present and future role in informed referral to CAM and, to a lesser degree, in providing CAM in integrative primary care clinics. With the increasing use of CAM, patients may expect their family physician to be more knowledgeable, skillful, and have a balanced approach regarding CAM use. In addition, practitioners should learn how to communicate effectively and better collaborate with CAM practitioners to the benefit of their patients.     

Mind the gap: Disclosure of dietary supplement use to hospital and family physicians

ObjectiveWe aim to compare patients’ perspectives on communication with their hospital physicians (HPs) and primary care physicians (PCPs) on patients' dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) use.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional prospective study among in-patients using structured questionnaires on DHS use. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed variables influencing doctor-related reasons for patients' nondisclosure of supplement use.ResultsOf 452 DHS users identified, 133 (29.4%) used herbs and 319 (70.6%) used non-herbal supplements. DHS users reported that PCPs were more aware of DHS consumption than HPs (70.1% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.0001). PCPs initiative to detect supplement use was higher compared with HPs (P < 0.0001). Doctor-related reasons for non-disclosure of DHS use were more prominent in a hospital setting. Multivariate logistic regression model suggested association between older patient age and doctor-related non-disclosure (p = 0.03). DHS use was recorded in only 33 patients medical files.ConclusionsDoctor-patient communication concerning DHS use is significantly poorer during hospitalization compared with primary-care settings. A significant barrier for in-hospital disclosure is doctor-related.Practice implicationsContinuity of care between community and hospital physicians regarding patients' DHS use should be improved due to the safety implications of such use. Educating physicians on DHS and improving communication could bridge this gap.     

Determination of parameters affecting the use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients and detection of prevalence of use

This study was conducted to find out the frequency of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use that could lead to troubles in patient health and in applied standard therapy protocols when used improperly, which method is used, the reasons for use and from which resources the information about this topic were obtained. A questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was applied to 195 patients with cancer diagnosis by a face-to-face interview. The obtained data were assessed with SPSS 11.5 program. Out of 195 cancer patients, 100 (51.3%) were using CAM and 48.7% (n=95) were not. The most commonly used agent was nettle (72%). This was followed by herbal teas (21%), grape molasses (20%) and black seed (20%). The frequency of CAM use was found higher in those under age 50, in literate people, in those working during the diagnosis stage and having disease at the later stage. While CAM was commonly recommended by friends and relatives of the patients (73%), this ratio was only 5% for health professionals. While 51.3% of all patients were gathering information about CAM, 75% of those actually using CAM gathered information about it. Whilst information was gathered mostly from the relatives of patients and tamperers (47%), it can be gathered from physicians only with a ratio of 10%. Cancer patients use CAM and they gather information mainly from unreliable sources rather than physicians. Although the primary information source should be physicians, the ratio for this was very low (10%). We suggest that physicians should spend more time in gathering correct information and sharing them with their patients for a better guidance.     

血液密度测量及其在基础医学和临床中的应用

本文介绍了血液密度测量的主要方法及面临的主要问题 ,并详细讨论了血液密度测量技术在基础医学和临床中的应用     

躁狂症中西医结合辩证分型治疗对照观察

目的　观察躁狂症的中西医结合辩证分型治疗的疗效。方法　随机将符合 CCMD— 2— R的躁狂症 1 2 8例分为两组 ,中西医结合治疗组 6 5例 (为 A组 )用龙胆泻肝汤加中小剂量碳酸锂治疗。单纯碳酸锂治疗组为对照组 6 3例 (为 B组 )。用 BRMS,CGI-S量表观察 4周的疗效 ,TESS量表观察副反应。结果　 2周后两组 BRMS减分率分别为 4 7.5 3% ,2 7.36 %。 4周后两组减分率分别为 75 % ,5 5 .6 1 % ( t=2 .35 ,P<0 .0 5 )均有显著差异。 4周末 TESS量表分值比治疗第一周A组较明显小于 B组 ( χ2 =3.95 ,P<0 .0 1 )。结论　中西医结合辩证分型治疗躁狂症的疗效快而好 ,副反应少 ,值得推广     

Interest in and Willingness to Use Complementary,Alternative and Traditional Medicine Among Academic and Administrative University Staff in Bloemfontein,South Africa

Background

Healthcare systems worldwide are changing and the use of complementary, alternative and traditional medicine (CAM) form part of this transformation. South Africa has a large number of CAM practitioners, but they are not included in the official healthcare system. The aim of this study was to determine the perception and usage of CAM among the academic and administrative staff of the University of the Free State (UFS) in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Methods

A questionnaire was compiled and sent electronically to all the academic and administrative staff of the UFS who had a university email address, to be completed online.

Results

The response rate was 5.5%, with most of the respondents from the Faculty of Health Sciences. The respondents (n=165) were mainly women of 41–60 years of age with more than one tertiary qualification. Most of the respondents were in good health and considered CAM as moderately helpful and mostly safe. Most of the CAM recommendations were not from a medical physician. The respondents wanted alternatives to certain medications, such as antibiotics. They also had good previous experience with CAM and felt that conventional treatment was not always effective to treat their problems. They identified a need for CAM in the health system.

Conclusion

The study has limitations due to the data collection method and the low response rate. The results showed that the respondents favored a more integrated healthcare system including different CAM therapies, and that conventional doctors should be better informed about these therapies and its uses.     

Utilization and Practice of Traditional/Complementary/Alternative Medicine (TM/CAM) in South Africa

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of published and unpublished research investigating the prevalence of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TMCAM) use in the general population. Results found that use of a traditional and/or faith healer seemed to have decreased over the past 13 years (from a range of 3.6–12.7% to 0.1%). The prevalence of traditional male circumcision was found to be 24.8% generally and 31.9% among the African Black racial group. The range of use of alternative and complementary medicine was from 0% to 2.2%. Local utilization surveys of TMCAM for the last illness episode or in the past year showed a variation in use of 6.1% to 38.5%. The prevalence of conditions treated at different TMCAM out-patients settings ranged from chronic conditions, complex of supernatural or psychosocial problems, mental illness, chronic conditions, acute conditions, generalized pain, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. TM and probably CAM is used by substantial proportions of the general population, but differences in study design and methodological limitations make it difficult to compare prevalence estimates.