人体血氧饱和度监测方法的研究

血氧饱和度是人体的重要参数,临床上许多场合都要对血氧饱和度进行检测,其中通过无创的方法对血氧饱和度进行检测能够为医生的临床行为提供快速、直接、有效的操作依据.其中透射式血氧饱和度监测技术已经成为较成熟的监护手段,但由于传感器使用范围的限制,在某些场合需要使用反射式血氧仪对血氧饱和度进行检测.本文对现有几种血氧饱和度的测量方法进行了讨论,重点对脉搏式血氧饱和度的测量原理进行了详细地分析,并对反射式血氧饱和度测量仪的研制进行了简单地探讨.     

脉搏血氧饱和度仪校准仪的研制

脉搏血氧饱和度仪能够无创地快速实时地进行血氧饱和度测量,在临床中得到广泛应用。这种脉因氧饱和度仪在临床使用中,经常需要对其输出进行校准鉴定,以保证测试结果的可靠性,目前临床中使用的搏血氧仪多没有专门的校准装置,本文介绍了一种脉搏式血氧饱和度仪校准仪的研制,这种校准仪可以检测血氧仪的工作状态是否正常,并能对血氧仪的输出参数进行校准．     

无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度测量技术及进展

介绍了无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度测量技术的发展概况和测量原理，概述了基于郎伯-比尔定律原理和光散射理论为基础的测量血氧饱和度的分光光度法，重点介绍了反射式血氧饱和度仪测量技术的进展，评价了血氧饱和度在临床上的应用并对脉搏血氧仪的局限性和发展前景进行了分析。     

脉搏血氧仪的检测研究

血氧饱和度是人体的一项重要生理参数,得到了广泛的临床应用。脉搏血氧饱和度理论的建立,使得电子工程学与医学生理学相结合的无创血氧饱和度仪得以实现,而血氧饱和度仪的测量校准问题也就受到人们的关注。本文从血氧饱和度仪的工作原理入手,介绍血氧饱和度仪的检测,以及检测仪的基本使用。     

脉搏血氧饱和度监测技术的研究进展

本文介绍了无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度监测技术的发展概况和测量原理，概述了基于郎伯——比尔定律（The Lambert—Beer Law）原理为基础的测量血氧饱和度的分光光度法及新技术的进展，评价了血氧饱和度在临床上的应用并对脉搏血氧仪的发展前景进行了分析。     

血氧饱和度实时监测中脉搏波信号的预处理

目的:对光电脉搏式血氧饱和度监测系统采集的脉搏波信号进行预处理,提高参数计算的实时性与准确性。方法:对原始脉搏波信号噪声特点进行分析,提出相关的预处理方法并设计相应的滤波器,利用Matlab数据分析软件对脉搏波信号及相关参数进行仿真处理。结果:原始脉搏波信号经处理后,在提高运算精度的同时消除了噪声干扰。结论:实现了血氧饱和度的实时快速测量和动态监测显示,为血氧饱和度参数的计算奠定了基础。     

脉搏血氧仪校准装置的研制

所述脉搏血氧仪校准装置,它能产生一个与被检脉搏血氧仪传感器类型相对应的标准血氧测试信号,包括脉率、脉冲幅度和血氧饱和度。将这一信号输入到被检脉搏血氧仪中进行测量,判断其工作状态是否正常。     

基于LabVIEW的脉搏血氧饱和度测量与分析系统设计

目的：开发一套基于LabVIEW的脉搏血氧饱和度测量和分析系统。方法：通过研制以TI的MSP430FG439为核心的单片机控制系统,并利用虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW的数字信号处理函数和图形显示控件来实现脉搏波的处理、显示以及脉搏血氧饱和度的计算,从LabVIEW软件方面讨论了系统的实现。结果：获得良好脉搏血氧饱和度的测量、显示和控制系统。结论：该方法为监护设备的开发提供一个新的思路,也对临床上特需的血氧饱和度分析提供了一个便捷的路径。     

脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪探头保护套的设计

脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪探头保护套选用酸性玻璃胶为材料,经石膏模型灌注挤压而成;通过测量套有保护套的血氧饱和度探头从不同高度坠下后对同一病人进行脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)和心率测量并做动脉血气分析以验证其保护效果.结果表明,脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪探头的保护套能够起到有效的保护作用,且结构简单、成本低廉.     

脉搏血氧仪

脉搏血氧仪南京医科大学一附院ＣＴ室汪家旺，李宝春，张廉良一、引言血氧饱和度（ＯｘｙｇｅｎＳａｔｕｒａｔｉｏｎ简写为ＳＯ２）是临床医疗领域中重要的基础数据之一，在许多场合都要对ＳＯ２进行测量，以便及时了解病人动脉血中氧含量的变化趋势。近年来，一种具有无...     

Pulse oximetry in general practice: How would a pulse oximeter influence patient management?

The pulse oximeter is a vital piece of equipment in secondary care for the non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation. With the increasing affordability of the oximeter and recognition of its clinical applications, there is an increasing interest in its role in primary care. The decision was made that a systematic review was not feasible due to the lack of data concerning the influence of pulse oximetry on patient management and on the extent of oximetry use in the general practice setting. In this article, a selection of studies is presented looking into its clinical use and limitations. The role and potential of the oximeter as a screening tool and aid in the assessment of hypoxia in a variety of clinical situations in primary care is discussed.     

Pulse oximetry in general practice: how would a pulse oximeter influence patient management?

The pulse oximeter is a vital piece of equipment in secondary care for the non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation. With the increasing affordability of the oximeter and recognition of its clinical applications, there is an increasing interest in its role in primary care. The decision was made that a systematic review was not feasible due to the lack of data concerning the influence of pulse oximetry on patient management and on the extent of oximetry use in the general practice setting. In this article, a selection of studies is presented looking into its clinical use and limitations. The role and potential of the oximeter as a screening tool and aid in the assessment of hypoxia in a variety of clinical situations in primary care is discussed.     

Peri-operative pulse oximetry in low-income countries: a cost–effectiveness analysis

Objective

To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of pulse oximetry – compared with no peri-operative monitoring – during surgery in low-income countries.

Methods

We considered the use of tabletop and portable, hand-held pulse oximeters among patients of any age undergoing major surgery in low-income countries. From earlier studies we obtained baseline mortality and the effectiveness of pulse oximeters to reduce mortality. We considered the direct costs of purchasing and maintaining pulse oximeters as well as the cost of supplementary oxygen used to treat hypoxic episodes identified by oximetry. Health benefits were measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and benefits and costs were both discounted at 3% per year. We used recommended cost–effectiveness thresholds – both absolute and relative to gross domestic product (GDP) per capita – to assess if pulse oximetry is a cost–effective health intervention. To test the robustness of our results we performed sensitivity analyses.

Findings

In 2013 prices, tabletop and hand-held oximeters were found to have annual costs of 310 and 95 United States dollars (US$), respectively. Assuming the two types of oximeter have identical effectiveness, a single oximeter used for 22 procedures per week averted 0.83 DALYs per annum. The tabletop and hand-held oximeters cost US$ 374 and US$ 115 per DALY averted, respectively. For any country with a GDP per capita above US$ 677 the hand-held oximeter was found to be cost–effective if it prevented just 1.7% of anaesthetic-related deaths or 0.3% of peri-operative mortality.

Conclusion

Pulse oximetry is a cost–effective intervention for low-income settings.     

Comparing the clinical and economic effects of clinical examination, pulse oximetry, and echocardiography in newborn screening for congenital heart defects: a probabilistic cost-effectiveness model and value of information analysis

OBJECTIVES: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are an important cause of death and morbidity in early childhood, but the effectiveness of alternative newborn screening strategies in preventing the collapse or death--before diagnosis--of infants with treatable but life-threatening defects is uncertain. We assessed their effectiveness and efficiency to inform policy and research priorities. METHODS: We compared the effectiveness of clinical examination alone and clinical examination with either pulse oximetry or screening echocardiography in making a timely diagnosis of life-threatening CHD or in diagnosing clinically significant CHD. We contrasted their cost-effectiveness, using a decision-analytic model based on 100,000 live births, and assessed future research priorities using value of information analysis. RESULTS: Clinical examination alone, pulse oximetry, and screening echocardiography achieved 34.0, 70.6, and 71.3 timely diagnoses per 100,000 live births, respectively. This finding represents an additional cost per additional timely diagnosis of 4,894 pounds and 4,496,666 pounds for pulse oximetry and for screening echocardiography. The equivalent costs for clinically significant CHD are 1,489 pounds and 36,013 pounds, respectively. Key determinants of cost-effectiveness are detection rates and screening test costs. The false-positive rate is very high with screening echocardiography (5.4 percent), but lower with pulse oximetry (1.3 percent) or clinical examination alone (.5 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Adding pulse oximetry to clinical examination is likely to be a cost-effective newborn screening strategy for CHD, but further research is required before this policy can be recommended. Screening echocardiography is unlikely to be cost-effective, unless the detection of all clinically significant CHD is considered beneficial and a 5 percent false-positive rate acceptable.     

便携式多生命指征监护仪系统结构设计

本文介绍便携式多生命指征监护仪（ＰＬＳＭ）的结构设计。仪器可同时对心电、呼吸、无创血压、脉搏、血氧和体温６个参数进行实时监测，并具有便于携带、可连续长时间工作、操作简便以及工作环境适应能力和通信能力强的特点，具有很大的应用价值。     

Next-generation pulse oximetry

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive monitoring technique used to assess a patient's arterial blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate. This technology has been shown to be effective at helping clinicians detect hypoxemia. However, conventional pulse oximeters are known to have difficulty obtaining accurate readings during periods of motion and low perfusion, resulting in frequent nuisance alarms. To address the limitations of conventional pulse oximeters, several suppliers have developed what we term next-generation technologies. These technologies are marketed as being able to obtain accurate values when conventional technologies cannot. But do these technologies live up to their suppliers' claims? In this Evaluation, we test the technologies from five suppliers--Masimo, Nellcor, Philips, Respironics Novametrix, and Siemens--to answer that question. Our laboratory testing focused on the technologies' ability to monitor saturation and pulse rate during periods of motion and low perfusion--and thus their ability to reduce nuisance alarms compared with conventional technology. We also looked for evidence of missed alarm events, we examined susceptibility to light interference, we analyzed the literature, and we spoke with current users. In addition to Product Profiles for each evaluated technology and a Conclusions section that describes our comparative ratings, we present a detailed discussion of our test results, a selection guide to help healthcare facilities make implementation decisions, and a comprehensive review of the literature on next-generation pulse oximetry.     

Surveillance for early silicosis in high altitude miners using pulse oximetry

Two cross-sectional studies in a high altitude region of Perú evaluated the role of pulse oximetry for detection of silicosis in high-altitude miners. In study one, exercise pulse oximetry and chest radiographs were used to evaluate 343 silica-exposed miners and 141 unexposed subjects for evidence of silicosis. Study 2 investigated the association between exercise oxygen saturation and silicosis in 32 non-silicotic and 65 silicotic miners. In study one, age (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% Cofidence Interval (CI) 1.07-1.12) and resting oxygen saturation (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.90-0.99) were associated with silicosis. In study two, years of mining employment (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.05-1.23) and exercise oxygen saturation at 30% maximum heart rate (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.75-0.99) were associated with silicosis. Hypoxemia at rest and with exercise is associated with silicosis in high altitude miners. Pulse oximetry should be further investigated as a screening tool for silicosis at high altitudes.     

微机化多床位脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪

微机多床位脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪具有系统结构简单,灵活,存储容量大,功能强,性能价格比高等特点,且易实现多机通讯,介绍了监测仪的硬件系统组成原理及软件模块功能。