用于家庭监护的临床远程通讯网络系统

用于家庭监护的临床远程通讯网络系统最近，有人开发出一种用于家庭中对病人进行检查而无须病人去医院的便携式的医疗仪器。在家中记录的数据可以通过公共电话线传输到医院。使用电话线传输数据有两种方法，一种是模拟数据的传输，它是不经过任何处理直接由耦合器转播到电...     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家,在对国内外“诱发电位”、“认知功能”等方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上,分析综合,提炼精华,引进最新理论与技术,并进行了创新和提高,研制开发成功的。经国内专家研讨,认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。一、特点该仪器通过记录和分     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家,在对国内外“诱发电位“、“认知功能“方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上,分析综合,提炼精华,引进最新理论与技术,并进行了创新和提高,研制开发成功。经国内专家研讨,认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家，在对国内外“诱发电位”、“认知功能”方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上，分析综合，提炼精华，引进最新理论与技术，并进行了创新和提高，研制开发成功。经国内专家研讨，认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家，在对国内外“诱发电位”、“认知功能”方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上，分析综合，提炼精华，引进最新理论与技术，并进行了创新和提高，研制开发成功。经国内专家研讨，认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家，在对国内外“诱发电位”、“认知功能”等方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上，分析综合，提炼精华，引进最新理论与技术，并进行了创新和提高，研制开发成功的。经国内专家研讨，认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。     

认知功能检测仪——新一代诱发电位仪

该仪器是本研究所几位专家，在对国内外“诱发电位”、“认知功能”等方面大量研究成果进行调研的基础上，分析综合，提炼精华，引进最新理论与技术，并进行了创新和提高，研制开发成功的。经国内专家研讨，认为该仪器是用于临床检查和医学研究的理想设备。     

MPU6050在评定人体上肢关节角度中的应用

该文开发了一套上肢康复评定仪器,用于评定肘关节及肩关节的关节活动度。该仪器包括下位机硬件和上位机评定软件,通过MPU6050传感器采集关节运动的加速度和角速度信号,并将数据经蓝牙串口传输至上位机评定软件。该仪器实现了实时评定上肢关节的运动参数,并能动态显示上肢关节运动状态。对仪器进行可靠性测试,组内相关系数均大于0.6,说明该仪器具有良好的可靠性,能准确地输出患者关节运动角度,对临床上制定合理的康复训练计划有重要意义。     

医用激光自动跟踪扫描仪及其应用

本文描述了一种新型的医用激光自动跟踪扫描仪其及临床应用结果。该仪器是用于激光治疗颜面部毛细血管瘤的专用仪器,由微计算机控制,采用了一体表病变区图形数据直接输入计算机的方法。它基于专用软件、坐标传动机构和控种新的制系统相结合,克服了采用其它方法在体表病变区输入图形数据的困难。为了与边界吻合,体表病变区图形被自动跟踪并实现激光手术的自动扫描。仪器简单实用,操作简便,与原有激光治疗机联接容易,便于推广,国内外尚未见报道     

外周血管功能测定仪的研制

本文介绍一种用于无损伤诊断动脉系统疾病和静脉倒流性疾病的外周血管功能测定仪。它采用光电容积描记法原理,具有无损伤、简单方便、可靠灵敏、能定量计算等优点。文中介绍了仪器的设计原理和临床应用。     

Fracture mechanics model of stone comminution in ESWL and implications for tissue damage

Focused shock waves administered during extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) cause stone fragmentation. The process of stone fragmentation is described in terms of a dynamic fracture process. As is characteristic of all brittle materials, fragmentation requires nucleation, growth and coalescence of flaws, caused by a tensile or shear stress. The mechanisms, operative in the stone, inducing these stresses have been identified as spall and compression-induced tensile microcracks, nucleating at pre-existing flaws. These mechanisms are driven by the lithotripter-generated shock wave and possibly also by cavitation effects in the surrounding fluid. In this paper, the spall mechanism has been analysed, using a cohesive-zone model for the material. The influence of shock wave parameters, and physical properties of stone, on stone comminution is described. The analysis suggests a potential means to exploit the difference between the stone and tissue physical properties, so as to make stone comminution more effective, without increasing tissue damage.     

Tandem shock wave cavitation enhancement for extracorporeal lithotripsy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been successful for more than twenty years in treating patients with kidney stones. Hundreds of underwater shock waves are generated outside the patient's body and focused on the kidney stone. Stones fracture mainly due to spalling, cavitation and layer separation. Cavitation bubbles are produced in the vicinity of the stone by the tensile phase of each shock wave. Bubbles expand, stabilize and finally collapse violently, creating stone-damaging secondary shock waves and microjets. Bubble collapse can be intensified by sending a second shock wave a few hundred microseconds after the first. A novel method of generating two piezoelectrically generated shock waves with an adjustable time delay between 50 and 950 micros is described and tested. The objective is to enhance cavitation-induced damage to kidney stones during ESWL in order to reduce treatment time. In vitro kidney stone model fragmentation efficiency and pressure measurements were compared with those for a standard ESWL system. Results indicate that fragmentation efficiency was significantly enhanced at a shock wave delay of about 400 and 250 micros using rectangular and spherical stone phantoms, respectively. The system presented here could be installed in clinical devices at relatively low cost, without the need for a second shock wave generator.     

低能量长间距ESWL治疗尿路结石1200例报告

目的探讨低能量长间距冲击波技术在体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）中的应用以及X线、B超双定位技术在ESWL中的优势。方法应用低能量长间距冲击波及X线、B超双定位技术进行ESWL1200例。结果总碎石成功率为99．5%，3个月结石排净率为83.%。结论低能量长间距冲击波技术碎石率高、组织损伤小、无严重并发症等优点。X线、B超双定位技术值得推广。     

Shock wave-bubble interaction near soft and rigid boundaries during lithotripsy: numerical analysis by the improved ghost fluid method

In the case of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a shock wave-bubble interaction inevitably occurs near the focusing point of stones, resulting in stone fragmentation and subsequent tissue damage. Because shock wave-bubble interactions are high-speed phenomena occurring in tissue consisting of various media with different acoustic impedance values, numerical analysis is an effective method for elucidating the mechanism of these interactions. However, the mechanism has not been examined in detail because, at present, numerical simulations capable of incorporating the acoustic impedance of various tissues do not exist. Here, we show that the improved ghost fluid method (IGFM) can treat shock wave-bubble interactions in various media. Nonspherical bubble collapse near a rigid or soft tissue boundary (stone, liver, gelatin and fat) was analyzed. The reflection wave of an incident shock wave at a tissue boundary was the primary cause for the acceleration or deceleration of bubble collapse. The impulse that was obtained from the temporal evolution of pressure created by the bubble collapse increased the downward velocity of the boundary and caused subsequent boundary deformation. Results of this study showed that the IGFM is a useful method for analyzing the shock wave-bubble interaction near various tissues with different acoustic impedance.     

泌尿系结石体外震波碎石治疗超声定位影响因素与对策

目的探讨泌尿系结石体外震波碎石术超声定位的方法、术中监视、定位的影响因素及采取的对策。方法按三分段区域扫查法，采用与常规B超检查正好相反的反常规体位，根据结石的不同部位，选择理想的碎石体位。结果该组资料显示，泌尿系结石体外震波碎石1次治疗完全粉碎排净率61．0％（742／1216），肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石3个月无石率和效率商分别为94.3％、97．9％、100％和47．1％、50．2％、66．7％。结论超声定位技术的应用，扩大了体外震波碎石的治疗范围，超声的准确定位是提高碎石效果的关键。     

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for radiolucent stones.

Eleven patients with radiolucent urinary calculi were treated with shock wave lithotripsy. Nine of these patients experienced successful fragmentation of their stones and subsequent spontaneous passage of the calculi fragments. The majority of the stones were composed of uric acid alone or a mixture of uric acid and calcium oxalate. One stone with metabolites of triamterene also fragmented well. Uric acid calculi can be treated successfully with shock wave lithotripsy using adequate visualization by contrast injection.     

Shock wave treatment of salivary duct stones substantial progress with a minilithotripter

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has recently been introduced as the first non-operative treatment alternative for patients with sialolithiasis. Using conventional multipurpose lithotripters, however, successful treatment was achieved in only 36%–53% of patients. Therefore we developed an miniaturized lithotripter meeting the special requirements for extracorporeal shock wave treatment in the head and neck region. During a 1-year prospective trial clinical efficacy and safety were compared in 40 patients treated with a conventional electromagnetic lithotripter (group A) to 33 patients treated with the newly developed, miniaturized device (group B). The groups did not differ statistically regarding stone size or number or the proportion of stones located in the submandibular or parotid gland. Successful stone targeting, a prerequisite for shock wave treatment, was achieved by means of in-line ultrasonography in 30 of the 40 patients in group A and in 29 of 33 patients of group B. The number of shock wave impulses administered per session and the maximum shock wave intensities did not differ in the two groups. Significantly more frequent treatments with a longer mean duration of each session were required in group A (2.4 ± 1.0 treatments, 47 ± 11 min) than in group B (1.9 ± 0.7 treatments, 28 ± 9 min; P < 0.05). After a 3 month follow-up significantly more patients were free of stones in group B (22/33) than in group A (16/40; P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the number of patients free of complaints was significantly higher in group B (27/33) than in group A (22/40; P < 0.05). Side effects did not differ between the two types of lithotripters, and they were moderate in intensity, completely reversible, and therefore without influence on the patient's outcome. It is concluded that the new miniaturized lithotripter provides a substantial progress for the feasibility and efficacy of shock wave treatment in sialolithiasis.     

Transient cavitation and associated mechanisms of stone disintegration

The actual interaction mechanisms of stress shock waves with renal calculi or gall bladder stones during disintegration, noninvasively, are still not understood clearly. The high-pressure shock waves create transient cavitation that is accepted as one behind the mechanisms of disintegration of those stones. The cavitation phenomenon and other associated mechanisms responsible for the disintegration are reviewed here. The theoretical aspects of shock waves, ultrasonic stress waves and their relation to the resulting fractures of the stones are also discussed. The results, mainly based on the earlier findings, are analysed and discussed to investigate the actual mechanisms involved in stone disintegration. Some mechanisms, such as shock wave impact and seismic effect, micro-streaming, microjets and cavitation, are considered in detail. Other factors like fracture strength, ultrasonic propagation, focal shock energy, thermal effects, erosion, medium viscosity and fissures, etc., in relation to stone disintegration, are also briefly discussed. The techniques for the enhancement of bubble formation and bubble implosion to accelerate the fragmentation process are proposed. It is hoped that the proposed study would help in the design of better lithotripters with an improved disintegration efficiency.     

Effect of lithotriptor treatment on the fracture toughness of acrylic bone cement.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has now been established as an efficacious non-invasive modality for the management of renal calculi and has shown promise for management of other types of stone, as well. Following on from these successes, ESWL has recently been proposed for use in the preliminary stages of revision of cemented total hip joint replacements as a means of breaking up the cement mantle. It is useful, therefore, to examine the effect of shock waves on pertinent mechanical properties of the cement. This study utilizes the chevron-notch short-rod specimen and a commercially available test system to obtain the values of one such property, namely fracture toughness, of Palacos Radiopaque bone cement before and after treatment with shock waves delivered from a lithotriptor. The fracture toughness drops by about 14% following the shock wave treatment, thus confirming the possibility that ESWL can be used, as indicated earlier, in revision arthroplasty.     

通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效

目的 探讨通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法 选取2017年1月~2018年12月我院收治的输尿管上段结石患者40例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组给予体外冲击波治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合通淋固本汤治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后生化指标[血肌酐（Scr）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（Cys-C）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）]及结石清除率。结果 观察组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组Scr低于治疗前,Cys-C、NGAL高于治疗前,且观察组Scr、Cys-C、NGAL优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组结石清除率为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石可有效提高结石清除率,减低肾损伤,提高临床治疗效果。