四川凉山地区黄褐斑患病率调查

目的探讨凉山地区黄褐斑发病规律及危险因素。方法采用整群抽样调查方式入户调查。结果共调查2756人,发现黄褐斑总患病率13.61%,标化患病率13.42%。男性患病率8.33%,女性患病率17.98%,女性明显高于男性(P0.01)。彝族黄褐斑患病率21.43%,汉族黄褐斑患病率9.76%,彝族显著高于汉族(P0.01)。彝族男性患病率14.18%,汉族5.40%,彝族男性患病率显著高于汉族男性(P0.01);彝族女性患病率为27.53%,汉族13.33%,彝族明显高于汉族(P0.01)。结论凉山地区黄褐斑发病率为13.61%,其中彝族显著高于汉族,女性高于男性。     

凉山地区雀斑流行病学调查

目的了解凉山地区雀斑患病情况及患病规律,探讨汉族与彝族、农村与城区患病差异。方法采用整群抽样,社区调查方式进行。参与者现场填写问卷,接受皮肤病专业医师检查。资科以EpiData录入,使用SPSS13.0进行数据分析。结果共调查10503人,发现雀斑患者2875人。粗患病率27.4%(标准化患病率23.6%)。5岁以后患病率逐渐增加,20～29岁达到高峰,患病率33.6%,30岁以后患病率逐渐下降。男性患病率17.2%,女性患病率34.5%(P0.01)。农村患病率31.5%,城区19.4%(P0.01)。汉族患病率27.7%,与彝族患病率27.3%相近(P0.05);汉族男性患病率16.4%,彝族男性患病率21.2%(P0.01);汉族女性患病率35.8%,彝族女性患病率31.5%(P0.01)。结论凉山地区雀斑患病率为27.4%。女性患病率高于男性,男女患病率之比为1∶2;农村患病率高于城区。汉族与彝族总体患病率相近,彝族男性患病率高于汉族男性,彝族女性患病明显低于汉族女性。     

四川凉山地区青少年15种皮肤病患病率调查

目的 了解凉山地区青少年15种皮肤病发病情况。方法 以在校初中和高中生为调查对象,采用分层整群抽样方法确定2所城区中学、3所农村中学为调查点。受调查者填写调查问卷,接受皮肤科专科医师检查。 结果 共调查7747人,年龄12 ～ 20 （15.86 ± 1.86）岁。发现皮肤病患者6379例,总患病率为82.34%;平均每人患有（1.34 ± 0.97）种皮肤病。患者人数（患病率）痤疮为4698例（60.64%）、雀斑2219例（28.64%）、毛发苔藓966例（12.47%）、湿疹皮炎792例（10.22%）、荨麻疹511例（6.60%）、丘疹性荨麻疹195例（2.52%）、白癜风37例（0.48%）、银屑病55例（0.71%）、寻常疣166例（2.14%）、扁平疣168例（2.17%）、手足癣317例（4.09%）、体癣142例（1.83%）、黄褐斑62例（0.80%）、鲜红斑痣26例（0.34%）和太田痣15例（0.19%）。男性痤疮患病率（63.91%）高于女性（58.50%）;女性湿疹、毛发苔藓、雀斑、黄褐斑、银屑病患病率高于男性。汉族雀斑患病率（29.58%）高于彝族（25.93%）;彝族痤疮、白癜风、银屑病、黄褐斑患病率高于汉族。城区痤疮、丘疹性荨麻疹患病率高于农村;农村荨麻疹、雀斑、黄褐斑和毛发苔藓患病率高于城区。结论 凉山地区青少年皮肤病总体患病率较高,15种皮肤病中患病率前5位的分别是痤疮、雀斑、毛发苔藓、湿疹和荨麻疹,男性与女性、汉族与彝族、城区与农村皮肤病患病率有明显差异。     

四川凉山地区雄激素源性秃发流行病学调查

目的了解凉山地区雄激素源性秃发(AGA)患病率和影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,对凉山地区多个社区进行流行病学调查。结果共调查2331人,发现AGA患者360人,患病率15.4%,标化患病率15.5%;其中男性标化患病率25.4%,女性标化患病率7.5%,男性明显高于女性(U=11.69,P<0.01)。汉族患病率17.2%,彝族9.3%,汉族AGA患病率明显高于彝族(U=5.2,P<0.01)。结论获得了凉山地区AGA的患病率,发现汉族AGA的患病率比彝族高。     

内蒙古海拉尔地区雄激素性秃发流行病学调查

目的通过调查了解海拉尔地区雄激素性秃发患病率及影响因素。方法调查采用整群抽样的方法入户进行现场问卷,包括皮肤健康情况调查和秃发两部分。结果共调查2166例,男性患病率22.44%,标化患病率17.93%,女性患病率5.89%,标化患病率4.89%,男性总患病率明显高于女性(P<0.01)。有阳性家族史的男性为31.25%,女性为24.66%。蒙古族发病率(14.49%)与汉族(12.81%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论海拉尔地区雄激素性秃发患病率男性明显高于女性,蒙古族患病率与汉族无差异。     

河南省焦作地区黄褐斑流行病学调查

摘要 目的 了解焦作地区黄褐斑患病率及其影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样方法,对焦作地区多个社区进行流行病学调查。要求受试者完成调查问卷,并接受皮肤科医生的体格检查。结果 共调查2341人,发现黄褐斑患者79人,患病率3.4%,标化患病率3.35%;其中男性标化患病率0.37%;女性标化患病率5.87%,女性明显高于男性（U=7.333,P<0.01）。结论 通过本次流行病学调查获得了焦作地区黄褐斑的患病情况及其影响因素。     

河北廊坊地区雄激素性脱发流行病学调查

目的：了解河北廊坊地区雄激素性脱发患病率及影响因素。方法：对廊坊地区多个社区采用整群抽样的方法入户进行现场问卷。结果：共调查人群3 596人,其中男1891人,女1705人。确诊雄激素性脱发418例(患病率11.6%),其中男327例（患病率17.3%）,女91例（患病率5.3%）。经常饮酒者患病率(28.1%)高于不饮酒者(10%)和偶尔饮酒者(12.7%);睡眠时间＜8 h/天者患病率(13.5%)高于睡眠时间≥8 h患者(10.2%);患病率随体重指数升高而升高。结论：廊坊地区雄激素性秃发男性患病率高于女性。饮酒、睡眠不足和体重指数高是廊坊地区雄激素性脱发的危险因素。     

我国10城市学龄前儿童特应性皮炎现况调查

目的了解我国城市1~7岁儿童特应性皮炎(AD)的发病情况。方法对我国不同地区10个城市1~7岁年龄段的儿童进行调查,调查以问卷的方式进行。结果本次调查人口总数49241人。符合AD诊断标准者共1371例,其中男768例,女603例,男性患病率为3.03%,女性患病率为2.53%,总患病率为2.78%。患病率经标化后,总标化患病率为3.07%,其中男性标化患病率为3.86%,女性标化患病率为2.20%,男女标化患病率间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。患病率随年龄增长而呈下降趋势,经相关分析,r=-0.17,P<0.05。10个城市中,患病率以北京最高,沈阳最低。结论2002年10-11月间我国10个城市1～7岁儿童AD的时点患病率经标化后,表现为男性高于女性,且患病率与年龄呈负相关。     

江门市中学生痤疮患病情况调查分析及防治对策

张红1黄小兵2冯丽春2目的调查江门市中学生痤疮患病情况,探讨其患病特点及防治对策。方法用体检及填表法,对我市2006、2007、2008年参加高考的9所中学、共12450名中学生进行痤疮患病情况调查,并进行统计学处理。结果本组中学生痤疮总患病率为51.83%(男55.9%,女46.02%),男、女患病率有显著差异性(P<0.05);17岁和18岁两年龄段痤疮患病率分别为45.5%和46.3%,两组患病率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);其他患病率比较:多脂多糖饮食高于普通饮食、油性皮肤高于中性皮肤、乡镇学校高于城市学校,其差异性均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论中学生痤疮患病与生活习惯、环境因素、皮肤类型、防治水平等密切相关,通过恰当的对策干预,可以降低中学生痤疮患病率。     

南京市2～6岁儿童特应性皮炎现况调查北大核心CSCD

目的 了解南京市2～6岁儿童特应性皮炎的发病情况.方法 以问卷的方式对南京市7个主城区2～6岁儿童进行调查.结果 调查人口总数13 061人.符合特应性皮炎诊断标准768例,其中男410例,女358例,男性患病率为6.16％（95％ CI：5.59％-6.74％）,女性患病率为5.59％（95％ CI：5.02％-6.15％）,总患病率为5.88％（95％ CI：5.48％-6.28％）.特应性皮炎患病率有明显升高,男性儿童特应性皮炎患病率高于女性,随年龄增长特应性皮炎患病率有增高趋势,家庭教育程度升高特应性皮炎的患病率增高,城市特应性皮炎患病率高于农村.结论 经济高速发展使人们的生活习惯、饮食结构及居住环境发生了显著改变,这些变化会影响特应性皮炎的患病率.     

Response of authors: ‘Lift capabilities of hyaluronic acid fillers’

Abstract

Background: A new fractional photothermolysis device is used in our retrospective study to treat melasma in Chinese patients. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser in the treatment of melasma in Chinese patients. Methods: Eleven melasma patients who received treatment between November 2009 and May 2010 were included. Photographic images at baseline and follow-up were assessed for clinical efficacy and complications by two independent and blinded physicians. Questionnaires were also completed by patients. Results: Significant MASI improvements were seen at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months, but not at 3 months. Patients’ degree of satisfaction was high. Significant improvement in skin texture and pore size was seen for up to 2 months and improvement in wrinkles for up to a month. There was no change in skin laxity. Main adverse effects seen were erythema, edema, and crusting in the early days. One patient developed PIH. Conclusion: The novel 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser is safe and effective in the management of melasma in Chinese patients for up to 2 months. It is also useful in photo-rejuvenation. Complications were limited to erythema and edema in the early days, and transient PIH.     

Novel technique to treat melasma in Chinese: The combination of 2940-nm fractional Er:YAG and 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

Melasma is one of the most common pigmented lesions in Chinese women. Although topical therapies are the mainstay treatment, lasers are being used increasingly to treat pigmented lesions. Laser treatment of melasma is however still controversial. This is because lasers have not been able to produce complete clearance of melasma and recurrence rates are high. Laser treatments also cause complications such as hypopigmentation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In this article, we report on a novel technique using a combination of fractional 2940-nm Er:YAG and 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. We achieved a rapid improvement in two cases of melasma in Chinese type III skin. The improvement was seen rapidly within a month of treatment. Follow-up at 6 months showed sustained results with no complications. This novel technique is able to safely confer excellent and sustained clearance within a short treatment time.     

Fractional photothermolysis treatment for resistant melasma in Chinese females

Background: Melasma is a common disorder of pigmentation which is common in women of Asian and Latina descent. Melasma lesions are resistant to numerous laser therapies, but have responded well in clinical studies to fractional photothermolysis. Objective: To determine whether Chinese women with resistant melasma will respond to fractional photothermolysis. Methods: Six female patients &lpar;Fitzpatrick skin types III-IV&rpar; were treated with fractional photothermolysis at approximately 4 week intervals. Three to four treatments were performed for each patient. Before and after photos were taken of each patient in order to identify the degree of improvement of the pigmented lesions treated. Results: All patients who participated in the study experienced at least 20% improvement in the appearance of their melasma lesions. Three patients obtained 50% improvement, two obtained 30% improvement, and one obtained 20% improvement. Conclusion: Fractional photothermolysis is a useful treatment modality for Chinese women who have resistant melasma.     

摩梭初中生性别角色取向与心理素质的相关研究

目的：考察摩梭初中生性别角色和心理素质之间的关系。方法：采用性别角色量表和中国中学生心理素质量表对128名摩梭初中生施测,采用SPSS13.0进行信效度分析、描述统计、卡方检验和方差分析。结果：摩梭初中生四种性别角色差异显著,未分化比例占多数。女生女性化比例高于男生,男生男性化比例高于女生,差异显著。不同性别的心理素质差异不显著。四种性别角色类型在心理素质总分、学习能力、社会能力和个性因子、应付挫折能力、进取心、人际沟通、责任感、自信、乐观、注意力、思维要素上差异显著。在心理素质总分、学习能力因子、思维要素上,双性化〉男性化〉女性化〉未分化;在社会能力和个性因子上,在应付挫折能力、进取心、人际沟通、责任感、乐观和注意力要素上,双性化〉女性化〉男性化〉未分化;在自信要素上,女性化〉双性化〉男性化〉未分化。结论：对于摩梭初中生而言,双性化为最优性别角色,未分化为差性别角色,在心理素质的多数因子和要素上,女性化优于男性化。     

关注农村地区学生预防艾滋病教育：392名农村初中学生预防艾滋病知识调查研究报告

目的:了解农村地区中学生预防艾滋病基本知识,为开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法:以不记名问卷调查方式,对辽宁某农村地区1所学校392名初一至初三学生进行调查。结果:分别有43.4%、36.2%、36.5%的学生知道艾滋病病毒可以通过与他人共用针头或注射器静脉吸毒、性交行为和母婴途径传播。分别有25.0%、19.6%、16.8%的学生知道艾滋病病毒并不通过拥抱、同在一个教室上课和共餐传播。学生艾滋病知识主要来自电视、报刊/杂志/书、广播和互联网等大众传媒(54.6%)。有76.9%的学生想了解预防艾滋病知识。结论:调查结果提示我们,要重视农村学校预防艾滋病健康教育,并通过受教育的学生,向家庭其他成员和同伴传播预防艾滋病基本知识。     

Dermoscopy as a useful tool for evaluating melasma and assessing the response to 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser

Melasma is a hard‐to‐manage disorder with considerable relapsing behavior. Dermoscopy emerged to help in comprehensive evaluation of pigmentary disorders and melasma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of dermoscopy in assessing melasma and monitoring the efficacy of 1064‐nm low‐fluence Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser. A total of 31 patients with facial melasma were included. A total of five laser sessions were performed with 2‐week intervals. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 2 weeks after the last session (at the 10th week) by using digital photography, modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI), and colorimetry, as well as dermoscopic score for pigment and vascular elements. Adverse effects were reported. Postlaser sessions, mMASI scores as well as the colorimetric melanin and erythema indices had showed significant improvement. The “dermoscopic score of pigmentary and vascular elements” displayed significant change and confirmed the improvement. Side effects were tolerable. mMASI, colorimetry, and dermoscopy had ascertained the efficacy of low‐fluence 1064‐nm QS Nd:YAG laser in melasma; however, dermoscopy is superior to other assessments as it can help in the diagnosis of melasma besides the follow‐up assessment and can precisely detect the detailed changes in response to treatment.     

Prevalence and awareness of melasma during pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis of the face. There is little information on its prevalence during pregnancy in Iran. Objective To determine the prevalence and awareness of melasma during pregnancy at the Shahed University Hospitals of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out by clinical examination and questionnaire on 400 pregnant women. RESULTS: The prevalence of melasma was 15.8%[95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3-19.4]. Malar pattern was seen in 65.9% of cases, whereas 33.8% of the patients had a centrofacial pattern. No case with a mandibular pattern was found. Positive family history of melasma was present in 54.7% of the cases. There was a statistically significant relation between melasma and ethnicity, phototype and grade of parity. However, no significant relation was observed between melasma and use of sunscreens, history of thyroid or liver disorders, trimester of pregnancy or phenotype (eye and hair color). 11.3% of the patients declared that they have developed melasma after using OCP Oral Contraception. Patients had little awareness of the etiology of melasma. In fact, 68.8% of the patients had no knowledge of its etiology. The effective factors or etiologies for melasma were stated as: 14.5% pregnancy, 9.8% sun exposure, 4.9% liver disorders, 4.9% nutrition and 1.6% sex of newborn. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that melasma is common among pregnant women in Tehran, Iran. They had a low level of awareness of the etiology of melasma. There is a need for educational programs on the etiology and prevention of melasma in Iranian women.     

Combination of fractional QSRL and IPL for melasma treatment in Chinese population

Background: Melasma is the most common and distressing pigmentary disorder presenting to dermatology clinics. Various treatment protocols for melasma have been suggested in the previous literature and applied in various clinical settings. However, no satisfactory therapy has been widely accepted. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of a combination treatment with fractional Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) for melasma in Chinese population. Methods: Fifty-three Chinese melasma patients were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent 2 courses of treatments at 2-week interval. One course was composed of 3 successive sessions of 694-nm fractional QSRL at intervals of two weeks followed by one IPL. The efficacy was evaluated by non-invasive measurements and subjective assessments. The adverse effects were recorded. Results: Mean melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI) significantly decreased from 216.1 and 381.8 pre-treatment to 167.8 and 310.3 post-treatment, respectively. Mean melasma area and severity index (MASI) decreased dramatically from 14.66 before treatment to 5.70 after the final treatment. These values remained at low levels at 3-month follow-up. The percentage of patients who achieved moderate or significant improvements was 73.6%. Adverse effects of QSRL and IPL were minimal. Conclusion: The combination treatment of fractional QSRL and IPL would be a promising modality for managing melasma in Chinese patients.     

The prevalence of melasma and its association with quality of life in adult male Latino migrant workers

Background  Melasma is a common condition of Latino women that detracts from their quality of life (QOL). The prevalence and impact of melasma in Latino men is not well characterized.
Aim  To assess the prevalence of melasma and its association with QOL in Latino men from Mexico and Central America working in the USA.
Methods  The prevalence of melasma was assessed in three studies of Latino men: by direct examination in a study of 25 Latino poultry workers; by direct examination in a study of 54 Latino farm workers; and by examination of store-and-forward teledermatology images in a study of 300 Latino farm workers. QOL was assessed with a Spanish version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
Results  The prevalence of melasma was 36.0%, 7.4%, and 14.0% in the three studies. The prevalence of melasma was greatest amongst those aged 31 years and older, who were from Guatemala, and who spoke an indigenous language. The presence of melasma was associated with higher DLQI scores, indicating a poorer QOL, in the poultry worker population.
Conclusions  Melasma is a common condition in Latino men and is associated with a poor QOL in some affected individuals. Clinicians should be aware that melasma may be a concern for their male Latino patients. Research on the association of skin conditions with QOL amongst minority men is needed.