Daily use of dentifrice with and without xylitol and fluoride: effect on glucose retention in humans in vivo

The effect of daily use of three different dentifrices on glucose retention after glucose mouth rinsing was tested in this study regarding xylitol and fluoride. Six experimental groups used three different dentifrices produced by two different companies: xylitol- and fluoride-containing dentifrice (XF), non-xylitol- and fluoride-containing dentifrice (F), and non-xylitol- and non-fluoride-containing dentifrice (NonX-NonF).Subjects were divided at random and rinsed their mouths for 15s with 20ml of 0.5M glucose solution. Glucose and lactate retention were determined by collecting samples of saliva from the approximal areas of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and using the enzyme membrane test. Samples were collected 0, 1 and 2 months after the start of regular dentifrice use.There were significant differences in glucose retention in relation to the dentifrice used, month of sampling, site of sampling, and time since start of rinsing. Their contribution ratios were 2.0, 4.4, 11.7 and 7.4%, respectively (P<0.01). There were significant differences observed between the XF and NonX-NonF groups, with the XF group presenting lower glucose retention than the NonX-NonF group. The XF group presented lower glucose retention than the F group. The F group showed lower glucose retention than the NonX-NonF group. There were significant differences in lactate retention in relation to the month and site of sampling, and their contribution ratios were 3.3 and 2.8%, respectively (P<0.01). There were, however, no significant differences in glucose and lactate retention in relation to the dentifrice manufacturer.It was concluded that the XF dentifrice was the most effective, and the F dentifrice was more effective in reducing glucose retention than the NonX-NonF dentifrice.     

持续负压引流术治疗严重颌面颈部间隙感染的探讨

目的 应用持续的负压引流术治疗严重颌面颈部间隙感染,观察其疗效。方法 采用持续负压引流术治疗18例严重颌面颈部间隙感染患者。在患者感染部位肿胀最明显或波动处用小切口切开引流,放置负压引流装置,同时缝合封闭创口,持续负压引流。结果 18例患者中,14例患者经持续负压引流至肿胀及疼痛消退,然后拔除引流管;4例患者术后创口破溃,负压消失而拔除引流管,改用其他无负压引流方法。所有患者术后肿胀疼痛未加重,无窒息、感染性休克、纵膈脓肿等并发症发生,均痊愈出院。结论 持续负压引流术为治疗严重颌面颈部间隙感染的方法多了一种选择,该方法改变了传统的脓肿切开引流的治疗方式,减少了患者的痛苦,同时也减轻了医生的工作负担。     

Dentists' Attitudes and Practices Toward Provision of Orthodontic Treatment for Children with Visual and Hearing Impairments

The objective of this study was to determine differences in behavior and attitudes of dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in providing orthodontic care for children who are sensory impaired. A self‐administered questionnaire was sent to all dentists working in Riyadh to assess the following domains: personal characteristics of the dentists and their practices, provision of dental care for children who are visually‐impaired (VI) and/or hearing‐impaired (HI), and their attitude toward providing orthodontic care for these children. Attitudes were measured on two scales and the overall score of these two scales represented each respondent's attitude. Thirty percent of the dentists provided dental care for children with VI and 45.3 percent did for children with HI. The provision of orthodontic care was significantly affected by the country in which the dentists had received their dental training, both for children with VI and HI (p<0.01), and by number of years they had been in practice for children with VI (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that only the country of dental training significantly affected the dentist's attitude score. There were also significant variations in attitudes toward the provision of orthodontic treatment for children with sensory impairment (SI), influenced by dental training and experience. In practical terms, this means that improvement in attitudes needs to be initiated at the dental undergraduate level. Establishing global guidelines for the provision of orthodontic treatment for patients with sensory impairment is likely to assist both professionals and patients.     

影响非综合征型唇腭裂的环境因素

非综合征型唇腭裂的发生机制目前尚未完全明确,但该疾病受环境与遗传的共同影响,特殊的环境因素可能加大或降低患儿唇腭裂的发生率。本文对非综合征型唇腭裂发生有关的环境因素从孕期不良生活习惯、化学因素、孕妇年龄及健康状况三大方面总结分析了可能增加唇腭裂发生的多个环境因素,以有助于改善孕妇健康情况及生活环境,从而达到降低唇腭裂患病率的目的。     

影响非综合征型唇腭裂的环境因素

非综合征型唇腭裂的发生机制目前尚未完全明确,但该疾病受环境与遗传的共同影响,特殊的环境因素可能加大或降低患儿唇腭裂的发生率。本文对非综合征型唇腭裂发生有关的环境因素从孕期不良生活习惯、化学因素、孕妇年龄及健康状况三大方面总结分析了可能增加唇腭裂发生的多个环境因素,以有助于改善孕妇健康情况及生活环境,从而达到降低唇腭裂患病率的目的。     

骨性安氏Ⅱ类错经外科-正畸联合治疗后颜面软组织侧貌的变化

目的:探讨骨性安氏Ⅱ类错　患者采用外科-正畸联合治疗后颜面软组织侧貌在矢状和垂直方向上的变化。方法:选用华西医科大学口腔医院正畸科连续收治的骨性安氏Ⅱ类错　患者22 例,男7 例,女15 例,年龄20～30 岁。在术前及术后6～12 个月摄取X线头侧位片, 对16 个软硬组织标志点的变化进行矢状、垂直向的分析。结果:在矢状向上,上唇沟点、上唇缘点、上唇下点后退均大于2 mm( P < 0101) ;与上切牙点后移量之比为0159∶1～0164∶1 ;颏唇沟软、硬组织点前移量之比为0183∶1 ,软组织颏前点与硬组织颏前点前移量之比为0195∶1。在垂直向上,鼻尖点、鼻底点、上唇缘点平均向上移动量均小于1 mm( P > 0105) ;但软组织颏前点、颏唇沟、下唇缘点、下唇上点向上移动量均大于2 mm( P < 0105) ,与相应的硬组织移动量之比为1107∶1～1134∶1。结论:骨性安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者经外科-正畸联合治疗后颜面软组织侧貌改善明显。在矢状方向,上下颌软组织改变量均小于硬组织;但在垂直方向,下颌软组织的改变却比硬组织更明显。     

Results of bone grafting after rigid fixation

Results of bone grafting in ten cases of primary mandibular reconstruction using rib grafts and 62 cases of secondary mandibular reconstruction using iliac bone grafts or rib transplants are reported. Two (20%) of the primary transplants were lost and one of the secondary transplants was totally lost and another was partially lost (3.2%) because of infection. All other transplants healed without infection. Pseudarthrosis was observed in 30% of the cases after primary reconstruction and in 15% of the cases after secondary reconstruction.     

38例下颌骨髁突囊内骨折的手术治疗及疗效评价

目的： 介绍一种改良的下颌骨髁突囊内骨折（diacapitular condylar fractures, DCF）手术治疗方法，并评价其疗效。方法： 2015年1月—2016年12月期间，对38例（50侧）DCF患者进行骨折内固定联合颞下颌关节盘锚固术治疗。采用改良耳前入路，复位骨折髁突并用1颗长14~16 mm的螺钉固定，然后复位向前内侧移位的关节盘，并用1颗锚固钉锚固于髁突后斜面下缘中份。所有患者进行手术前、后颌面部CT、颞下颌关节 (temporomandibular joint, TMJ) MRI 检查，对伴有下颌骨其他部位的骨折，同期进行解剖复位、固定。利用SimPlant Pro 11.04软件 CMF模块进行术前、术后，健侧、患侧下颌支高度测量，并进行配对t检验，评价骨折固定效果。利用术前、术后MRI中关节盘与髁突顶点相对位置的变化，评价关节盘锚固术的准确性。术后对所有患者进行随访，对开口度、开口型、关节弹响、面神经损伤症状等进行比较。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果： 手术后颌面部CT显示，37例（48侧）囊内骨折达到解剖复位（有效率96%）。所有患者患侧下颌支高度较术前显著增加（P<0.05）；19例单侧囊内骨折患者术后健、患侧下颌支高度无显著差异（P>0.05）。术后MRI图像显示，35例（46侧）关节盘回到原有的解剖位置，有效率为92.0%（46/50）。术后远期随访显示，38例患者咬合关系稳定，平均开口度35.67 mm，最大侧方咬合平均值为4.45 mm，最大前伸咬合平均值为5.63 mm；开口型偏斜2例（5.3%），关节弹响2例2侧（4.0%）；4例患者出现不同程度的暂时性面神经功能不全，其中3例在术后3个月逐渐恢复，另外1例（2.6%）随访3个月后仍出现患侧抬眉困难，口服甲钴胺片后症状缓解。结论： 下颌骨髁突囊内骨折常伴发TMJ关节盘移位，且方向与移位的骨折片一致。骨折开放复位内固定术联合颞下颌关节盘锚固术是治疗该类型骨折的有效方法。     

骨性Ⅲ类错▉畸形患者双颌手术后软、硬组织的变化

目的 探讨骨性Ⅲ类错▉畸形患者双颌手术后软、硬组织变化的相关性、软组织厚度与软硬组织变化的相关性及软组织厚度的变化,以更好地预测术后软组织侧貌。方法 对26例骨性Ⅲ类错▉畸形成人患者进行锥形束CT（CBCT）扫描,用InVivo5软件将CBCT转化成头颅侧位片（cephalogram from CBCT, CCB）,导入“几何画板”并建立坐标系,进行定点测量。采用SPSS17.0软件包对所有测量值进行统计学分析。结果 各软、硬组织标志点存在线性相关关系,下颌比上颌相关性强。Sn∶A=0.18∶1,UL∶Ui=0.31∶1,LL∶Li=0.80∶1,Si∶B=0.84∶1,Pg'∶Pg=0.90∶1。鼻底厚度、颏部厚度与相应软、硬组织变化无相关关系。唇部厚度与软、硬组织变化呈负相关关系。术后上唇变薄,下唇变厚。结论 软、硬组织变化呈线性相关关系,下颌软、硬组织位移比率大于上颌。鼻底及颏部软组织受硬组织移动影响小,唇部变化受硬组织影响大;唇部越薄,随硬组织移动性越好。     

分体桩在后牙固定桥修复中的应用

目的 探讨分体桩在后牙固定桥修复中的应用及操作程序。方法 对21例牙列缺损患者进行后牙固定桥修复，一侧磨牙残根残冠进行分体桩修复作为基牙。沿磨牙根管方向进行预备，按临床修复常规完成固定桥基牙牙体预备，用硅橡胶结合注射器取模，分别制作后牙固定桥和分体桩。结果 随访6～23个月，25例患者均未出现基牙松动或牙根折裂。结论后牙固定桥基牙为磨牙残根、残冠，且患者颌间距离短时（小于3mm），可用分体桩修复取得理想的效果。