阿片受体激动剂对针刺镇痛的影响

提要家兔149只,用钾离子透入法测痛,电针单侧“合谷”和“外关”穴,观察阿片受体σ型激动剂氯胺酮以及阿片受体μ型激动剂芬太尼和多巴胺(DA)受体拮抗剂氟哌啶联用对针刺镇痛的影响。实验结果提示,阿片受体μ型激动剂芬太尼和DA受体拮抗剂氟哌啶联合应用,对针刺镇痛有增效作用,而σ型激动剂氯胺酮则有拮抗针刺镇痛的效应。     

氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的合成及其扩冠活性的研究

目的：合成氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物并研究其对冠状动脉的作用。方法：以氟哌啶醇为原料，将其与卤代烃在回流的情况下进行反应而得到其季铵盐衍生物。采用猪冠脉条生物测定法和Langendorff灌流法研究这些衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。结果：合成了7个新化合物(1-7)，其中化合物7量效依赖地压低KCl所致的猪冠脉条收缩曲线，阻断较大剂量所致的冠脉条痉挛，并量效依赖地拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量减少。结论：化合物7显示了良好的扩张冠状动脉的作用，值得进一步研究。     

氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物对冠状动脉作用的研究

观察氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。方法：利用氟哌啶醇所致小鼠锥体外不良反应模型。观察其衍生物（Ｆ３）的作用;利用猪冠状动脉条生物鉴定。观察Ｆ（１０＾－６,１０＾－５ａｎｄ１０＾－４ｍｏＬ／Ｌ＿对ＫＣｌ（１０－４０ｍｍｏＬ／Ｌ）诱导的冠脉条收缩的拮抗作用,阻断由ＫＣｌ（４０ｍｍｏ／Ｌ）诱导的冠脉条的收缩;利用豚鼠离体心脏灌注,观察Ｆ３（１０＾－６,５＊１０＾－６,１０＾－５ｍｏＬ／Ｌ）拮抗脑     

氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的合成及其对冠状动脉的作用

目的 :合成氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物并研究其对动物冠状动脉的作用。方法 :以氟哌啶醇为原料 ,将其与卤代烃在回流的情况下进行反应而得到其季铵盐衍生物。采用猪冠状动脉条生物测定法和Langendorff灌流法研究这些衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。结果 :合成了 7个新化合物 ( 1～ 7) ,其中化合物 7量效依赖地压低KCl所致的猪冠状动脉条收缩曲线 ,阻断较大剂量所致的冠状动脉条痉挛 ,并量效依赖地拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量减少。结论 :化合物 7显示了良好的扩张冠状动脉的作用 ,值得进一步研究     

纳络酮的临床应用

纳络酮(Naloxone)为羟二氢吗啡酮的衍生物，是阿片受体的特异性拮抗剂．它与阿片受体的亲和力大于吗啡与β-内啡肽的亲和力．能竞争性阻止并取代吗啡样物质与受体结合．从而阻断吗啡样物质的作用，实现其药效。临床上一般将纳络酮用于治疗颅脑损伤。纳络酮具有拮抗β-内啡肽对中枢神经系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统的抑制作用，目前已广泛应     

纳络酮的临床应用概况

纳络酮是阿片受体专一拮抗剂 ,脂溶性高 ,能自由通过血脑屏障。动物实验和临床应用证明 ,它能竞争阻断并取代阿片样物质与受体的结合 ,还有抗氧化、稳定肝脏溶酶体膜、清除氧自由基、防止DIC的发生、恢复细胞膜泵功能等非阿片受体作用。本文对纳络酮的研究进展及其在临床中的应用概况作一综述。1　纳络酮的研究概况盐酸纳络酮 (naloxonehydrochloride) ,商品名纳络酮 (NX) ,化学名N -烯丙去甲羟基吗啡酮 (N ally noroxymorphone) ,为纯阿片受体拮抗剂 ,对 4种阿片受体亚型均有拮抗作用〔1〕。在人血浆中半衰期为 1～ 2h ,作用持续时间 4 …     

N-取代苄基氟哌啶醇氯化物的合成及其扩张冠状动脉活性的研究

目的：合成N-取代苄基氟哌啶醇氯化物并研究其对猪冠状动脉的作用。方法：以氟哌啶醇为原料，分别与取代氯苄化合物回流下反应得到N-取代苄基氟哌啶醇氯化物。采用生物检定法研究目的化合物对KCl致猪冠状动脉收缩曲线的影响。结果：合成了7个新化合物（F1-F7）。生物活性实验表明：所有目的化合物均可使KCl致猪冠脉收缩曲线压低。其中F7表现出强的扩张冠脉的活性。结论：N-取代苄基氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的扩血管活性与化学结构有着密切的关系，分子中哌啶环苄基苯环上取代基的不同和取代位置直接影响化合物的扩血管活性。     

白屈菜水提取物镇痛作用实验研究

目的:观察白屈菜水提取物(WECM)的镇痛作用,并初步探讨其镇痛作用与阿片受体的关系,为其临床应用提供依据.方法:采用小鼠扭体法、热板法、观察WEHC的镇痛作用及纳络酮对其镇痛作用的影响,探讨其镇痛作用与阿片受体的关系.结果:WEHC明显减少腹腔注射酒石酸锑钾引起的小鼠扭体反应次数,与盐水对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01)、提高55℃热板法致小鼠疼痛反应的阈值,与盐水对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01),其镇痛作用不被纳络酮所拮抗.结论:白屈菜水提取物有明显的镇痛作用,其镇痛作用不是由吗啡受体介导的.     

苯环利定致大鼠心肌损伤的研究

作者观察了苯环利定（ＰＣＰ）注入大鼠静脉内可以造成急性心肌损害的心电图变化，即Ｔ波明显抬高；而侧脑室注入ＰＣＰ，在２ｈ内未见这种变化，提示ＰＯＰ致大鼠心肌损害主要通过外周作用。经典扩冠药硝酸甘油和对ＰＣＰ受体具有拮抗作用的氟哌啶醇均完全阻断ＰＣＰ所致的心电图改变，提示ＰＣＰ造成大鼠心肌损伤可能是由于冠脉收缩所致，氟哌啶醇对抗冠状动脉的收缩有一定的作用。     

缺血预处理的心肌保护作用与阿片受体的关系

目的 :研究缺血预处理的心肌保护作用 ,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法 :采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流法 ,2 4只鼠心随机分成对照、单纯缺血、缺血预处理、纳络酮处理等 4组。于复灌后 1 0 min记录心脏功能指标和冠状动脉流出液中的心肌肌酸激酶 ( CK)含量。结果 :经过缺血预处理 ,持续缺血后冠状动脉流出液中肌酸激酶含量明显下降 ,心肌收缩功能也有明显改善 ,而灌注液中加入纳络酮 ( NAL)使缺血预处理的心肌保护作用消失。结论 :在鼠心离体工作模型中经过 2个循环的 5 min缺血和 5 min再灌注即可诱导鼠心的缺血预处理作用 ,此种作用并可被非特异性阿片受体拮抗剂纳络酮所阻断 ,缺血预处理的心肌保护机制与阿片受体有关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.