重症急性胰腺炎患者早期肠内营养治疗的作用及价值探讨

目的:探讨经鼻空肠管早期行肠内营养(EN)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)治疗中的作用.方法:40例SAP患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用肠内营养.观察两组治疗前后血清白蛋白和淀粉酶水平、血浆内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α水平的变化情况.考察治愈率症、感染率、病死率、平均住院时间及费用.结果:治疗组患者行肠内营养后,血浆内毒素、TNF-α下降速度明显快于对照组P＜0.05,感染率、平均住院时间与费用明显降低.结论:EN能改善ASP患者的营养状况,改善肠道黏膜屏障及降低炎性细胞因子分泌来加强治疗效果,是SAP重要治疗手段.     

早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎患者效果观察及护理

目的探讨早期肠内营养(EN)治疗在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)综合治疗中的疗效。方法将40例重症急性胰腺炎患者做为研究对象,随机分为对照组和EN组各20例,对照组采用常规的治疗护理,EN组则在对照组常规治疗基础上,在胃肠功能恢复时尽快启用EN,观察各项指标变化情况及感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间和总住院费用。结果 EN组患者血、尿淀粉酶、血清蛋白水平均优于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),治疗后感染率、并发症总发生率、住院费用及住院天数均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论重症急性胰腺炎患者尽早行EN,有利于维护肠屏障功能,改善患者的营养状,降低并发症及住院费,提高治愈率。     

早期肠内营养联合丙氨酰谷氨酰胺在胃癌术后的临床应用

目的观察早期肠内营养联合丙氨酰谷氨酰胺对胃癌患者术后恢复的影响。方法对104例胃癌根治性切除手术患者,随机分为2组,每组52例。对照组常规给予术后早期肠内营养,治疗组术后早期肠内营养同时联合静脉注射丙氨酰谷氨酰胺;观察两组患者肛门排气,排便时间,住院时间,临床营养费用以及并发症发生情况,术后第7天、14天监测患者血红蛋白,血浆白蛋白等。结果治疗组术后第7天、14天血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白较对照组高,临床营养费用较对照组低,差异有统计学意义;肛门排气、排便时间较对照组短,并发症较少,但差异无统计学意义。结论早期肠内营养联合丙氨酰谷氨酰胺能明显改善胃癌患者术后营养状况,减少临床营养费用,在胃癌患者手术治疗中值得推广使用。     

肠内免疫微生态营养对重症急性胰腺炎患者内毒素、炎症因子及肝损害的影响

目的：观察肠内免疫微生态营养（EIN）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者内毒素、炎症因子及肝损害的影响。方法：将82例SAP患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组41例。两组均给予常规治疗,此外,对照组采用肠外营养（PN）,治疗组采用肠内免疫微生态营养（EIN）。分别在入院时及治疗7d、14d后采血测定肝功能、淀粉酶、内毒素、白介素-8（IL-8）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等。结果：两组治疗后血淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-8及TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.01）,但治疗组较对照组降低更明显（P〈0.01）。治疗组在14d后肝功能各项指标均恢复正常,且与对照组比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组感染率及住院时间均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：肠内免疫微生态营养能减轻内毒素血症,降低炎症因子水平,从而减轻SAP患者的肝损害。     

益生菌联合早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的探讨益生菌联合早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法将我科收治的50例符合纳入标准的重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各25例。对照组采用常规治疗并全胃肠外营养;观察组在常规治疗基础上采用益生菌联合早期肠内营养。比较两组患者腹痛消失时间、住院天数、住院费用、体重、血淀粉酶、C-反应蛋白、血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白值等方面的差异性。结果治疗后观察组患者腹痛、腹胀、呕吐、平均住院时间、住院费用及并发症发生率等明显低于对照组,且血淀粉酶下降也优于对照组;差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论益生菌联合早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎,能明显改善患者营养状况,减少并发症的发生及住院时间,降低其医疗费用和死亡率。     

谷氨酰胺联合肠内营养治疗重症肺炎疗效分析

目的观察谷氨酰胺联合肠内营养在重症肺炎治疗中的临床应用效果。方法随机选取2012年3月至2013年3月收治的40例重症肺部感染患者作为观察组，给予谷氨酰胺＋肠内营养进行治疗，以同期收治的40例重症肺部感染患者作为对照组，给予肠内营养进行治疗，对比两组患者临床治疗效果。结果经过治疗后，观察组机械通气时间、住院时间均短于对照组，两组对比，差异显著，存在统计学意义（P＜0．05）。观察组营养免疫与体液免疫改善情况明显优于对照组两组对比，差异显著，存在统计学意义（P＜0．05）。观察组细胞免疫改善情况明显优于对照组，两组对比，差异显著，存在统计学意义（p＜0．05）。结论给予重症肺部感染患者谷氨酰胺＋肠内营养进行治疗，能够改善患者营养状况，提高免疫能力，使肺部感染得到有效控制，促进患者病情康复，值得在临床实践治疗中推广应用。     

谷氨酰胺联合早期肠内营养支持对胃癌患者行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术后血清T细胞亚群水平及康复进程的影响

目的观察谷氨酰胺联合早期肠内营养支持对胃癌患者行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术后血清T细胞亚群水平及康复进程的影响。方法选取2015年5月至2017年1月我院收治的72例胃癌患者,随机分为对照组和研究组各36例。两组均行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,术后对照组予以早期肠内营养支持,研究组在对照组基础上予以谷氨酰胺,比较两组排便时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、血清T细胞亚群(CD3﹢、CD4﹢、CD8﹢)变化情况。结果研究组患者的肛门排气时间、排便时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组的CD8^+水平显著低于对照组,CD3^+、CD4^+水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论予以行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术胃癌患者谷氨酰胺联合早期肠内营养支持,可增强患者机体免疫功能,促进患者康复。     

谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗小儿急性重症胰腺炎的疗效及对患儿血清炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的分析谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗小儿急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效及对患儿血清炎症细胞因子水平的影响。方法选取2016年6月-2019年6月浙江大学医学院附属金华医院收治的70例SAP患儿,根据不同治疗方案分为两组,每组35例患儿。观察组患儿采用谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗,对照组患儿单用乌司他丁治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后血清白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,肠道菌群分布,治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组患儿IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、双歧杆菌数目比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患儿IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(均P0.05);两组患儿大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌数目显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),双歧杆菌数目显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌数目显著低于对照组(均P0.05),双歧杆菌数目显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗小儿SAP的效果优于单用乌司他丁,值得临床推广应用。     

早期肠内营养与延迟肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效比较

目的:比较重症胰腺炎患者通过早期肠内营养与延迟肠内营养治疗后取得的临床成效.方法:选取我院2015年1月-2016年6月入院的重症胰腺炎患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每一组40人.对照组治疗方法为延迟肠内营养治疗,观察组为早期肠内营养治疗.针对白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清C反应蛋白水平及不良反应发生情况,对两组患者进行对比分析.结果:在白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清C反应蛋白各指标水平方面,观察组均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);针对不良反应发生情况,观察组发生率(7.5%)显著低于对照组发生率(25%),两组之间存在明显差异(P<0.05).结论:重症胰腺炎患者通过早期肠内营养治疗后,其治疗效果较延迟肠内营养治疗后的效果显著,能够有效改善白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清C反应蛋白各指标水平,降低不良反应发生率,应大力推广应用.     

免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤的临床疗效

目的 探讨免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的临床疗效。方法 选择南通市妇幼保健院重症医学科2019年12月-2020年12月脓毒性休克患者64例为研究对象，随机分为研究组和对照组各32例。研究组使用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养，对照组使用普通型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养。比较两组治疗7 d后AGI改善情况、统计重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间。抽取外周血并分离血清，检测治疗前后肠屏障功能指标[D-乳酸和内毒素(ET)]以及核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)通路因子[NLRP3、Casepase-1和白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)]水平。结果 研究组AGI总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者ICU住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间短于对照组(P<0.05),但两组28 d死亡例数比较，无统计学差异；治疗前两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平比较，无统计学差异；治疗后两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗后研究组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 免疫增强型肠内营养可显著改善脓毒性休克的AGI状态，在一定程度上恢复肠黏膜屏障功能，并降低NLRP3/Casepase-1/IL-1B介导的过度炎症损伤。     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Ending clinical relationships with people with schizophrenia

The potential for the social worker-client relationship to contribute to therapeutic outcomes is not always apparent with clients who have schizophrenia. Their cognitive impairments often make it difficult for these clients to regulate interpersonal boundaries and for social workers to connect with them. Clinical practice is enhanced, however, by recognizing that severely impaired clients have the capacity and desire for relationships with service providers and others. The manner in which the clinical relationship ends is important for maintaining clinical gains and determining whether the client will risk investing in future relationships. The purpose of this article has been to sensitize social workers to the delicate nature of managing the endings of those relationships.