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1.
Background
The assessment of personality disorders (PD) is costly and time-consuming. There is a need for a brief screen for personality disorders that can be used in routine clinical settings and epidemiological surveys. Aims: To test the validity of the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) as a screen for PD in a clinical sample of substance abusers.Methods
Convergent validity of the SAPAS with both categorical and dimensional representations of personality disorders was estimated.Results
In this sample, the SAPAS correlated well with dimensional representations of cluster A and C personality disorders, even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, anxiety/depression symptoms and recent substance use. The SAPAS was also significantly associated with total number of PD criteria, although correlation with categorical measures of PD was weak.Conclusions
The SAPAS is an valid brief screen for PD as assessed dimensionally. 相似文献2.
Ondine Pez Fabien Gilbert Adina Bitfoi Mauro Giovanni Carta Vesna Jordanova Carmen Garcia-Mahia Raimundo Mateos-Alvarez Martin Prince Bogdana Tudorache Catherine Blatier Viviane Kovess-Masfety 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2010,45(12):1149-1159
Objectives
The aims of the study are: first, to compare two short diagnostic instruments, CIDI-SF and CIS-R, with respect to the structured clinical interview for non-patient (SCID-I/NP) for anxiety and depressive disorders; and second, to evaluate the influence of four languages, Italian, Romanian, Spanish and French, on the concordance tests.Methods
A total of 120 participants from Italy and Romania, 119 from Spain and 141 from France (N = 500) were recruited randomly in a local primary care research centre (GPs or medical centres). The instruments were administered during a unique session: the lay instruments by students in psychology and the SCID by experienced psychiatrists. Kappa, sensitivity/specificity/negative (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV), ROC curve (AUC) and the Youden Index (Y) were calculated.Results
Results were better for the CIDI-SF than the CIS-R for anxious disorders, depressive disorders and any of them. The results were identical to that obtained by the CIDI 3.0 for the three categories and constant across the languages except for depressive disorders in Romania and France.Conclusions
CIDI-SF is a cost-effective instrument and could be easily integrated into health surveys; its performance values are better across languages than values proposed by the CIS-R and could be increased by inclusion of few additional information. 相似文献3.
Ehsan Pishva Gunter Kenis Daniel van den Hove Klaus-Peter Lesch Marco P. M. Boks Jim van Os Bart P. F. Rutten 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(3):337-348
Objectives
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar spectrum disorders are the product of both heritable and non-heritable factors, the impact of which converges at different biological levels. Recent evidence from molecular approaches has provided new insights about how environmental exposures cause persistent alterations in the regulation of gene expression, particularly by so-called epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of findings of epigenetic studies in psychotic disorders, summarizing findings of human and animal studies on epigenetic alterations due to postnatal environmental exposures associated with psychotic disorders.Methods
Electronic and manual literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO, using a range of search terms around epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications, psychoses, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and environmental risks associated with psychotic disorders as observed in human and experimental animal studies, complemented by review articles and cross-references.Results
Despite several promising findings of differential epigenetic profiles in individuals with psychotic disorders in the studies published to date, the knowledge of the role of epigenetic processes in psychotic disorder remains very limited, and should be interpreted cautiously given various challenges in this rapidly evolving field of research.Conclusions
Integration of epigenetic findings into biopsychosocial models of the etiology of psychotic disorders eventually may yield important insights into the biological underpinnings of the onset and course of psychotic disorders. 相似文献4.
Laurent Boyer Aurelie Millier Emeline Perthame Samuel Aballea Pascal Auquier Mondher Toumi 《BMC psychiatry》2013,13(1):1-8
Background
Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and mental illness. Obesity is reported to be positively associated with psychiatric disorders, especially in people who seek obesity treatment. At the same time, obesity treatment may be influenced by psychological factors or personality characteristics. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental disorders among ethnic Chinese who sought obesity treatment.Methods
Subjects were retrospectively recruited from an obesity treatment center in Taiwan. The obesity treatments included bariatric surgery and non-surgery treatment. All subjects underwent a standardized clinical evaluation with two questionnaires and a psychiatric referral when needed. The psychiatric diagnosis was made thorough psychiatric clinic interviews using the SCID. A total of 841 patients were recruited. We compared the difference in psychiatric disorder prevalence between patients with surgical and non-surgical treatment.Results
Of the 841 patients, 42% had at least one psychiatric disorder. Mood disorders, anxiety disorders and eating disorders were the most prevalent categories of psychiatric disorders. Females had more mood disorders and eating disorders than males. The surgical group had more binge-eating disorder, adjustment disorder, and sleep disorders than the non-surgical group.Conclusion
A high prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found among ethnic Chinese seeking obesity treatment. This is consistent with study results in the US and Europe. 相似文献5.
6.
Yi-Ju Pan Robert Stewart Chin-Kuo Chang 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(1):71-79
Purpose
We aim to explore the distinctive interrelationships between family income and mental disorders on suicidality in recent 12 months.Methods
A stratified random subsample of adults in a household survey in US, National Comorbidity Survey Replication, was used for analyses. The ratio of family income to poverty threshold (RoFIPT) per capita was the primary predictor of interest to 12-month occurrence of suicide ideation and attempt. Effect modification by mental disorders was further explored.Results
A total of 4,724 subjects were analyzed. Inverse associations were found with RoFIPT for both suicidal outcomes after confounding control. Furthermore, effect modification was revealed that RoFIPT was more strongly associated with suicide ideation for those with mental disorders (OR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.79, 0.95).Conclusions
An inverse gradient of RoFIPT was shown with suicide ideation and attempt. Moreover, having mental disorders was found to be an effect modifier for the relationships between family income and suicidality. 相似文献7.
Burnett-Zeigler I Zivin K Islam K Ilgen MA 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2012,47(10):1617-1625
Purpose
Depressive disorders are a growing public health concern, however, a substantial number of depressed individuals do not receive treatment. This study examined the longitudinal predictors of receiving depression treatment among adults with persistent depressive disorders and no lifetime history of treatment.Methods
The sample included respondents to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC), a large population-based survey, who met criteria for a 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia (DYS) and had no prior depression treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted examining which socio-demographic and clinical predictors among individuals with depressive disorders and no prior treatment at Wave 1 were associated with receiving depression treatment at Wave 2 (N?=?337).Results
Only 47.2% of those with MDD or DYS and no prior treatment at Wave 1 had received depression treatment at Wave 2. Females were more likely to have received treatment at Wave 2: those of Hispanic ethnicity, other race, unmarried, 12?years of education, self-rated health of good/very good/excellent and anxiety disorders were less likely to have received treatment at Wave 2. Those with substance use disorders were more likely to have received treatment at Wave 2.Conclusions
This study highlights individuals who would likely benefit from increased efforts to enhance depression treatment utilization. 相似文献8.
Natacha Carragher Robert F. Krueger Nicholas R. Eaton Kristian E. Markon Katherine M. Keyes Carlos Blanco Tulshi D. Saha Deborah S. Hasin 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(8):1307-1317
Purpose
Alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, and antisocial personality disorder share a common externalizing liability, which may also include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have compared formal quantitative models of externalizing liability, with the aim of delineating the categorical and/or continuous nature of this liability in the community. This study compares categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of externalizing liability.Method
Data were derived from the 2004–2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34,653). Seven disorders were modeled: childhood ADHD and lifetime diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, marijuana dependence, cocaine dependence, and other substance dependence.Results
The continuous latent trait model provided the best fit to the data. Measurement invariance analyses supported the fit of the model across genders, with females displaying a significantly lower probability of experiencing externalizing disorders. Cocaine dependence, marijuana dependence, other substance dependence, alcohol dependence, ASPD, nicotine dependence, and ADHD provided the greatest information, respectively, about the underlying externalizing continuum.Conclusions
Liability to externalizing disorders is continuous and dimensional in severity. The findings have important implications for the organizational structure of externalizing psychopathology in psychiatric nomenclatures. 相似文献9.
Sandra JJ Kooij Susanne Bejerot Andrew Blackwell Herve Caci Miquel Casas-Brugué Pieter J Carpentier Dan Edvinsson John Fayyad Karin Foeken Michael Fitzgerald Veronique Gaillac Ylva Ginsberg Chantal Henry Johanna Krause Michael B Lensing Iris Manor Helmut Niederhofer Carlos Nunes-Filipe Martin D Ohlmeier Pierre Oswald Stefano Pallanti Artemios Pehlivanidis Josep A Ramos-Quiroga Maria Rastam Doris Ryffel-Rawak Steven Stes Philip Asherson 《BMC psychiatry》2010,10(1):1-24
Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that persists into adulthood in the majority of cases. The evidence on persistence poses several difficulties for adult psychiatry considering the lack of expertise for diagnostic assessment, limited treatment options and patient facilities across Europe.Methods
The European Network Adult ADHD, founded in 2003, aims to increase awareness of this disorder and improve knowledge and patient care for adults with ADHD across Europe. This Consensus Statement is one of the actions taken by the European Network Adult ADHD in order to support the clinician with research evidence and clinical experience from 18 European countries in which ADHD in adults is recognised and treated.Results
Besides information on the genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed in this statement: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How can ADHD in adults be properly diagnosed? (3) How should ADHD in adults be effectively treated?Conclusions
ADHD often presents as an impairing lifelong condition in adults, yet it is currently underdiagnosed and treated in many European countries, leading to ineffective treatment and higher costs of illness. Expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults must increase in psychiatry. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available and appropriate treatments exist, although more research is needed in this age group. 相似文献10.
Thierry S. Reijn MD Wilson F. Abdo MD Helenius J. Schelhaas MD PhD Dr. Marcel M. Verbeek PhD MSc 《Journal of neurology》2009,256(4):615-619
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been studied to differentiate between patients with ALS and neurological controls, but not in comparison to clinically more relevant disorders mimicking ALS.Methods
In this retrospective study, CSF concentrations of various brain-specific proteins were analyzed in patients with ALS (n = 32) and ALS-mimic disorders (n = 26).Results
CSF concentrations of neurofilament light (NFL) and heavy chain (NFHp35), but not other brain-specific proteins, were significantly higher in patients with ALS than in patients with an ALS-mimic disorder, however with maximum sensitivity or specificity of 80 %. The mean CSF level of NFHp35 was 781 ng/L in the ALS group vs. 338 ng/L in the ALSmimic disorders group and for NFL the mean CSF levels were 62 ng/L vs. 24 ng/L.Conclusion
Although CSF concentrations of NFL and NFHp35 are higher in patients with ALS, the diagnostic accuracy for differentiating ALS from ALS-mimic disorders seems insufficient. Our results suggest that, in the clinical work-up of patients suspected of ALS, application of CSF analysis alone is limited but may have potential in combination with other clinical and electrophysiological markers. 相似文献11.
Background
The number of schizophrenic patients admitted to forensic hospitals according to section 63 of the German Criminal Code has increased continuously over the past years. Prior to admission to a forensic ward, two thirds of schizophrenic patients have been admitted to a general psychiatric institution at least once. Among other factors, forensic admission is seen as a consequence of insufficient pretreatment in general psychiatry. This study aims to identify differences regarding the history of treatment of forensic and general psychiatric patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.Method
The matched samples include 72 male patients from forensic wards and 72 male patients from general psychiatry diagnosed with schizophrenia. The history of psychiatric treatment was reconstructed by interviewing the patients as well as the outpatient psychiatrists and by analyzing these patients’ medical records.Results
Both groups showed similar risk factors, however, forensic patients had a higher number of previous convictions and were convicted more often for violent offences. Furthermore, the data indicate that forensic patients are less integrated into psychiatric care and showed a lower rate of treatment compliance prior to admission to a forensic ward.Conclusions
The results provide support for the arrangement of an intensive outpatient aftercare, especially for schizophrenic patients with comorbid substance abuse disorders and previous convictions for violent offences. 相似文献12.
The aim of this study was to investigate the issues of changes in patterns of referral and interventions and of consistency of psychiatric diagnoses assigned by a psychiatric consultation-liaison service in a general hospital over an 8-year period. We compared two 1-year surveys 8 years apart. Survey A comprised 713 referrals in 1990, and Survey B included 1025 consecutive new consultations in 1998. Data pertained to demographic characteristics, source of referral, reason for referral, psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-III-R, and intervention. Our study demonstrated significant changes in diagnostic characteristics and in patterns of referral and intervention over the years. Changes in source of referral and psychiatric diagnoses were associated with the increasing involvement of clinical psychologists and specialists in psychosomatic medicine. Also, surgeons and physicians were increasingly aware of psychiatric morbidity in medical-surgical populations. Modern psychopharmacological treatment approaches resulted in a higher rate of recommendation of psychotropic medication. To ameliorate the provision of psychiatric care for general hospital patients, the need for a biopsychosocial conceptual framework at the interface of psychiatry and medicine in general hospitals should be underscored. 相似文献
13.
Orla McBride Sally McManus Joanne Thompson Robert L. Palmer Traolach Brugha 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(5):783-793
Purpose
Little national evidence exists on disordered eating patterns in the UK. This study examined the prevalence and nature of disordered eating patterns in the National Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007.Method
Responses to the screening tool for eating disorders (SCOFF) and body mass index (BMI) were analysed using latent class analysis (n = 7,001). Multinomial logistic regression explored the associations between latent classes and mental health comorbidities.Results
The prevalence of possible eating disorders in England using the SCOFF was 6.3 %; this decreased to 1.6 % when accounting for the negative impact feelings about food had on the respondent’s life. Five latent classes were identified: classes 1 and 2 resembled known eating disorders (‘marginal anorexia’ relating to anorexia nervosa and ‘binge eaters’ relating to bulimia nervosa/binge eating disorder); class 3 consisted of people who were obese, but did not experience eating problems; class 4 was morbidly obese, with an elevated risk of anxiety disorders; class 5 was labelled as ‘normal eaters’, with a low probability of eating problems and a normal BMI.Conclusions
Adults assigned to eating disorder type classes are at increased risk for mental health comorbidities and poorer social functioning. Information presented herein on clustering of disordered eating patterns may help clinicians identify those men and women risk for an eating disorder. 相似文献14.
Ron de Graaf Marlous Tuithof Saskia van Dorsselaer Margreet ten Have 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2012,47(11):1873-1883
Objective
To estimate work loss days due to absenteeism and presenteeism associated with commonly occurring mental and physical disorders.Methods
In a nationally representative face-to-face survey (Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2) including 4,715 workers, the presence of 13 mental and 10 chronic physical disorders was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 and a physical disorder checklist. Questions about absent days due to illness and days of reduced quantitative and qualitative functioning while at work were based on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Total work loss days were defined as the sum of the days of these three types of loss, where days of reduced functioning were counted as half. Both individual and population-level effects of disorders on work loss were studied, taking comorbidity into account.Results
Any mental disorder was associated with 10.5 additional absent days, 8.0?days of reduced-qualitative functioning and 12.0 total work loss days. For any physical disorder, the number of days was 10.7, 3.5 and 11.3, respectively. Adjusted for comorbidity, drug abuse, bipolar disorder, major depression, digestive disorders and panic disorder were associated with the highest number of additional total work loss days. At population-level, major depression, chronic back pain, respiratory disorders, drug abuse and digestive disorders contributed the most. Annual total work loss costs per million workers were estimated at €360 million for any mental disorder; and €706 million for any physical disorder.Conclusions
Policies designed to lessen the impact of commonly occurring disorders on workers will contribute to a reduction in absenteeism and presenteeism. As the indirect costs of (mental) disorders are much higher than their medical costs, prevention and treatment of these conditions may be cost-effective. 相似文献15.
Background
Children and adolescents from complex or disadvantaged backgrounds and multiple needs often are reluctant to seek help and this is particularly relevant in the context of mental health difficulties. Further, the complexity of the health system can be overwhelming to the family who are likely to be chaotic and less able to seek help. The current project piloted an integrated service delivery model involving a child psychiatry service and the department of education to promote access to mental health assessment and intervention to young people attending special education schools in Sydney, Australia.Findings and conclusion
The project allowed improved access to mental health services for a group of young people who would otherwise not have sought help through traditional referral pathways. Our findings support strategies to promote the social milieu of schools as a way of achieving better mental health and learning outcomes. 相似文献16.
Angelo Cocchi Anna Meneghelli Arcadio Erlicher Alessia Pisano Maria Teresa Cascio Antonio Preti 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(12):1905-1916
Purpose
This study set out to investigate the patterns of referral in a sample (n = 206) of patients having first-time access to an Italian comprehensive program that targets the early detection of and early intervention on subjects at the onset of psychosis. The primary goal of the study was to investigate the duration of untreated illness (DUI) and/or the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in the sample since the implementation of the program.Method
Data on pathways of referrals prospectively collected over a 11-year period, from 1999 to 2010; data referred to patients from a defined catchment area, and who met ICD-10 criteria for a first episode of a psychotic disorder (FEP) or were classified to be at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) according to the criteria developed by the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic in Melbourne. Changes over time in the DUI and DUP were investigated in the sample.Results
Referrals increased over time, with 20 subjects enrolled per year in the latter years of the study. A large majority of patients contacted a public or private mental health care professional along their pathway to treatment, occurring more often in FEP than in UHR patients. FEP patients who had contact with a non-psychiatric health care professional had a longer DUP. Over time, DUP and DUI did not change in FEP patients, but DUI increased, on average, in UHR patients.Conclusions
The establishment of an EIP in a large metropolitan area led to an increase of referrals from people and agencies that are not directly involved in the mental health care system; over time, there was an increase in the number of patients with longer DUI and DUP than those who normally apply for psychiatric services. 相似文献17.
Leung PW Hung SF Ho TP Lee CC Liu WS Tang CP Kwong SL 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2008,17(7):452-461
Purpose
To provide preliminary prevalence estimates of common DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—4th Edition) disorders in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.Methods
541 Chinese adolescents were recruited from Grades 7, 8 and 9 of 28 mainstream high schools in Hong Kong (mean age=13.8 years; SD=1.2). The adolescents and their parents were separately administered the Youth and Parent versions of DISC-IV (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 4), respectively.Results
Based upon both symptom and impairment criteria, as required by DSM-IV, the overall prevalence estimate of DSM-IV disorders in our sample of Chinese adolescents was 16.4%. Estimates for such individual disorders/diagnostic groupings as anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance use disorders were 6.9, 1.3, 3.9, 6.8, 1.7, and 1.1%, respectively. These rates were largely compatible with those reported in previous studies with perhaps lower rates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive disorders, CD, and substance use disorders, but a higher rate of ODD. The rate of ADHD was somewhat higher, but this might reflect the current DSM-IV diagnostic practice. The rate of anxiety disorders was not as high as predicted from some previous questionnaire surveys. The application of an impairment criterion had discernible impacts on prevalence estimates, greater on anxiety and substance use disorders, but smaller on depressive and disruptive behavior disorders. There was a lack of gender difference in rates of ODD and CD.Discussion and conclusion
While the findings reported here are broadly compatible with those of other studies, there may be cross-cultural differences in rates of some individual disorders, e.g., GAD, depressive disorders, ODD, CD, and substance use disorders, as well as in gender difference regarding rates of ODD and CD. However, exact comparison between studies is confounded by methodological differences in sample characteristics, measures, and case definition. Standardization of methodology in epidemiological surveys should allow more precise identification of any within- or between-culture variations in prevalence estimation. 相似文献18.
Matthias C. Angermeyer Eva Mnich Anne Daubmann Lena Herich Karl Wegscheider Christopher Kofahl Olaf von dem Knesebeck 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(10):1667-1673
Purpose
It has been assumed that biogenetic causal models may improve public attitudes toward people with mental illnesses. The present study examines whether biogenetic attributions are positively associated with acceptance of people suffering from these disorders.Methods
Population surveys were conducted in two large German cities. Respondents were presented with a vignette depicting a young female suffering from either anorexia nervosa (N = 680) or bulimia nervosa (N = 667), followed by a fully structured interview including questions on causal attributions, emotional reactions and desire for social distance.Results
Attribution to hereditary factors showed hardly any relationship with attitudes toward people with symptoms of eating disorders. Respondents who endorsed brain disease as a cause tended more to hold those afflicted responsible for their condition, they also expressed more negative emotions and a stronger preference for social distance.Conclusions
Our results do not support the notion that promulgating biogenetic causal models of eating disorders helps decrease the stigma surrounding these illnesses; it may even entail the risk of increasing it. 相似文献19.
Background
Depression and anxiety have been linked to periodontal disease, an emerging risk factor for chronic diseases. However, this literature is mixed, and few studies have concurrently evaluated depression and anxiety.Purpose
We simultaneously examined the associations of depressive and anxiety disorders with periodontal disease prevalence and explored tobacco use as a mediator.Methods
Participants were 1,979 young adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 who underwent a diagnostic interview and a dental examination.Results
Adults with panic disorder had a threefold higher odds of having periodontal disease than those without this disorder (OR?=?3.07, 95 % CI 1.17–8.02). This relationship was partially mediated by tobacco use and remained after adjustment for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, which were not related to periodontal disease.Conclusions
Young adults with panic disorder may have greater odds of having periodontal disease, in part, due to increased tobacco use. 相似文献20.
Diagnosing comorbidity in psychiatric hospital: challenging the validity of administrative registers
Terje Øiesvold Mary Nivison Vidje Hansen Ingunn Skre Line Østensen Knut W Sørgaard 《BMC psychiatry》2013,13(1):1-7