健康教育对老年2型糖尿病患者的影响

目的探讨健康教育对老年糖尿病患者的影响。方法利用宣传栏,健康教育手册,病友会,面对面交流等形式对98例老年2型糖尿病患者在常规治疗的同时,从疾病知识,生活方式,心理状态等方面给予健康指导,并进行随访1年,了解患者对有关疾病知识掌握程度及遵医行为。结果98例有关疾病知识了解及康复知识明显高于教育前,建立了良好的遵医行为和良好的生活方式。结论健康教育有利于老年2型糖尿病患者危险因素的控制,有利于改变不良生活习惯,对减少和延缓糖尿病慢性并发症的发生发展有着主要意义之一。     

建立糖尿病病友俱乐部对糖尿病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨建立糖尿病病友俱乐部对糖尿病患者生活质量的影响。方法将222例糖尿病患者随机分为干预组112例和对照组110例，干预组建立糖尿病病友俱乐部，给与系统的相关知识教育，为期1年，对照组给予随机教育。结果糖尿病患者的生活质量与建立糖尿病病友俱乐部呈正相关关系，干预组生活质量量表的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度得分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论建立糖尿病病友俱乐部是一种适合糖尿病患者的健康教育方式，可调动家属的主观能动性，更好的普及糖尿病的防治知识，达到控制糖尿病、预防并发症、最大限度的提高生活质量的目的。     

探讨老年糖尿病患者的健康教育及护理

目的 通过开展“糖友之家”活动对老年糖尿病患者的健康教育及护理效果进行探讨.方法 将2012年7月～2013年8月在本院接受治疗的100例老年糖尿患者分成护理组与对照组两组,各50例患者.对照组给予常规护理,护理组在此基础上给予整体护理干预,总结其健康教育及护理效果.结果 护理组干预空腹血糖（FBG）与焦虑自评量表（SAS）低于对照组（P＜0.05）及（P＜0.01）.结论 通过“糖友之家”活动的护理指导,不仅能显著增强老年人对糖尿病的认识能力,而且也提高了病友的生活质量.     

“俱乐部”式健康教育对老年糖尿病患者自我管理的影响

目的探讨"俱乐部"式健康教育对老年糖尿病患者自我管理的影响。方法采用问卷调查法将54例老年糖尿病病人参加"糖友"俱乐部前后糖尿病相关知识了解、自感健康状况以及血糖控制情况进行比较。结果参加"俱乐部"式健康教育后,糖尿病相关知识了解、自感健康状况以及血糖控制情况均好于活动前,差异有统计学意义。结论 "俱乐部"式健康教育对提高老年糖尿病患者自我管理有促进作用,是有效的、可行的。     

老年糖尿病患者自我护理调查研究

目的采取有效方式加强对老年糖尿病患者院外自我护理的教育,帮助患者实现治疗最佳目标。方法采用自行设计的老年糖尿病患者自我护理行为调查问卷对老年糖尿病患者糖尿病知识掌握程度、正确使用降糖药（包括口服降糖药及注射胰岛素）、饮食、活动、定期监测血糖、尿糖及不良生活习惯等进行调查。结果由于家庭社会等多方面原因,老年糖尿病患者院外自我护理及监测能力低。结论护士应对老年糖尿病患者进行系统的健康教育,提高其相关知识水平,更好地遵医用药,培养良好的生活习惯,提高治疗效果。     

老年糖尿病病人健康教育体会

目的：探讨老年糖尿病患者健康教育体会,了解健康教育对老年糖尿病病人的行为控制影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2007年5月～2010年5月间我院30例老年糖尿病患者临床资料,对其进行健康教育前后效果进行跟踪调查。结果：通过对患者进行健康教育后,老年糖尿病患者掌握了糖尿病的相关知识,合理控制自身饮食并积极参加体育锻炼,患者血糖自我检测能力增加,不良生活习惯减少。患者血糖控制温度,健康教育前后空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：健康教育有利于提高老年糖尿病病人的相关知识和行为控制。     

座谈式健康教育在老年糖尿病患者中的应用

目的探讨座谈会式健康教育在老年糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法对225例糖尿病患者进行座谈会式的健康教育,内容包括糖尿病现代综合治疗的＂五驾马车＂内容,分别测定座谈会式健康教育前后半年患者糖尿病知识的掌握程度,自我管理能力和机体代谢指标情况。结果座谈会式健康教育前后糖尿病老年患者糖尿病知识的掌握情况、自我管理能力、机体代谢的综合指标,经统计学分析,有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论座谈会式健康教育可明显增加老年糖尿病患者的依从性,可明显提高老年糖尿病患者的糖尿病知识水平及自我管理能力,可有效控制机体代谢的各项指标,维持老年糖尿病患者病情稳定。     

健康教育在老年糖尿病控制中的作用

目的：探讨健康教育对老年糖尿病患者的作用。方法：对96例老年糖尿病患者进行糖尿病知识的健康教育，了解患者对疾病相关知识掌握程度及遵医行为。结果：96例患者对疾病知识掌握程度明显高于教育前，建立了良好的生活方式和遵医行为。结论：健康教育有利于老年糖尿病患者改变不良生活习惯，提高对疾病的自我控制能力．减少和延缓糖尿病慢性并发症的发生、发展。     

老年糖尿病患者的居家护理

探讨对老年糖尿病患者实施居家护理的目的及效果。通过饮食护理、运动锻炼及对于具有潜在并发症的低血糖和糖尿病足的老年糖尿病患者进行居家护理,同时对老年糖尿病患者进行健康教育及心理护理,嘱老年患者定期复诊,预防慢性并发症及意外发生,提高居家护理能力。     

老年糖尿病护理

探讨老年糖尿病患者的护理措施。通过对30例老年糖尿病患者实施病情观察护理及健康教育未发生严重的并发症。经过长期饮食控制血糖、降糖药物及胰岛素治疗30例老年糖尿病患者未发生严重的并发症,身体状况良好,生活质量提高。     

Important aspects of self-management education in patients with diabetes

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has shown that the long-term complication of diabetes can be decreased with intensive glycemic control. However, comprehensive patient education is required to provide the patient with the self-management skills necessary to achieve this level of glycemic control. Epidemiologic data indicate that large numbers of patients do not receive the proper care or education necessary to develop such self-management abilities. In order to convey the importance of patient education, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has labeled self-management education as a cornerstone of therapy for patients with diabetes. Standards of care have also been defined by the ADA. Within the current U.S. health care system, however, limitations are present that may affect the quality of care and ability to provide adequate patient education. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the health care provider to improve the education process in an attempt to maintain standards of care outlined by the ADA. When developing a diabetes self-management training program, the ADA national standards can be used as a guideline.     

Applying the principles of pharmaceutical care to the patient with diabetes

Current medical care for patients with diabetes neither meets the guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) nor approaches the levels of intensive care in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). The drug-use process for patients with diabetes could be enhanced by improving the way in which drug therapy is monitored and managed. The concept of pharmaceutical care strategically redefines the drug-use process into a pharmaceutical care system in which the pharmacist takes responsibility for monitoring the effects of drugs and acts to resolve drug-related problems before they become a drug-related morbidity. A method for implementing a pharmaceutical care service using practice guidelines to help a pharmacist provide consistent care to all patients with diabetes is discussed.     

Incorporating a diabetes certificate program in a pharmacy curriculum

Objective. To determine student competency and confidence in the provision of diabetes care and satisfaction with incorporation of the American Pharmacist Association/American Association of Diabetes Educators (APhA/AADE) diabetes certificate program into the required doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum.Design. Material from the diabetes certificate program was incorporated longitudinally into the third-year curriculum skills laboratory courses. Educational techniques used included self-study modules with case questions, lectures using the program’s slides and live seminar materials, and active-learning techniques including instructor-led modeling and role-playing exercises, small group activities, objective structured learning exercises (OSLE) using standardized patients, and a week-long diabetes simulation.Evaluation. Students achieved a 100% pass rate on a diabetes certificate program examination and earned a mean score of 71.8 out of 100 points on a medication therapy management (MTM) objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). A student survey demonstrated high student confidence in their ability to provide diabetes care (mean scores 4.2 to 4.8) and satisfaction with the program (mean scores 4.5 to 4.8).Conclusion. Longitudinal integration of a nationally recognized diabetes certificate program into the required PharmD curriculum produced satisfied students competent in providing diabetes pharmaceutical care.     

A practice-based approach to the 2012 position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

Abstract

The position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus issued in 2012 by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes contains significant improvements over the 2009 version, including an emphasis on patient-centered care, enhanced strategies for lifestyle modification, a focus on comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction, and increased pharmacotherapy choices. As diabetes management evolves over time, further improvements may be made in future consensus statements, including a focus on prevention and early treatment and improved glycemic control in all patients, including those with comorbidities. These goals will be achievable by waning use of therapies known to cause hypoglycemia and weight gain and the increased use of therapies that do not carry these risks.     

糖尿病联络护士培训及对非专科患者干预效果评价

目的提高糖尿病联络护士的专业水平及在非内分泌科糖尿病患者管理中的作用与效果。方法对糖尿病联络护士进行专科知识系统培训,在培训前后进行考核,并由糖尿病联络护士对所在科室的糖尿病患者进行专科知识宣教,比较干预前后患者对相关知识掌握程度,分析糖尿病联络护士健康宣教的干预效果。结果糖尿病联络护士经培训后理论和操作水平均明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。糖尿病联络护士对非内分泌科糖尿病患者进行干预后相关知识明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对非内分泌科糖尿病联络护士进行糖尿病专科知识与技能培训能提高其专科护理水平,联络护士对非内分泌科糖尿病患者干预后相关知识得到了提高,提高了护理质量,提升了优质护理内涵。     

Alogliptin: a new,highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Background: Alogliptin is a potent, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor now undergoing clinical testing to support a new drug application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Objective: To provide an overview of the mechanism by which alogliptin reduces hyperglycemia and to summarize the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of the drug. Methods: A Medline search was conducted and abstracts and presentations from recent American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) meetings were reviewed. The results of Phase II and Phase III human studies were evaluated for clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results/conclusions: Alogliptin is effective as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas and insulin. It is well tolerated and has an excellent safety profile. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of alogliptin.     

A Week-Long Diabetes Simulation for Pharmacy Students

Objective

To assess students'' attitudes and confidence about type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes self-management education before and after participation in Living With Diabetes Week simulation.

Design

Third-year pharmacy students took part in diabetes lectures, interactive laboratory sessions, and a week-long simulation of life as a patient with diabetes in the Clinical Assessment course. Pre-/postintervention survey instruments and experimental and control group comparisons were completed assessing attitudes and confidence relating to knowledge about diabetes.

Assessment

The understanding that diabetes has a psychosocial impact, patient autonomy is necessary, and the seriousness of the disease increased. Students'' confidence in their diabetes self-management education skills also increased.

Conclusion

The Living With Diabetes Week simulation changed pharmacy students'' attitudes toward patients with diabetes and increased confidence in diabetes education skills.     

Managing hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: Current guideline recommendations for effective strategies to optimize the treatment of patients with concomitant hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are reviewed. SUMMARY: Current estimates indicate that 20 million people in the United States have diabetes, 90-95% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and end-stage renal disease. Hypertension is an extremely common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The coexistence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes is particularly destructive because of the strong linkage of the two conditions with CVD, stroke, progression of renal disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Current guidelines, including those issued by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the National Kidney Foundation, and the American Diabetes Association, provide evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies indicate that guidelines are not widely followed. Therefore, the beneficial effects of appropriate hypertension treatment observed in clinical trials are often not recognized in clinical practice. Pharmacists are ideally positioned to help improve guideline implementation and patient outcome. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists must become more vigilant about following current guidelines for the treatment of patients with concomitant hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Strategies such as patient education and medication assessment can help to optimize care for these patients and slow the progression to diabetic nephropathy.