一期前路病灶旷置术治疗上颈椎结核

目的探讨病灶旷置术在上颈椎结核治疗中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年1月—2016年5月收治的7例上颈椎结核患者临床资料,根据寰枢椎椎体破坏程度,分别采用头颈胸石膏外固定(2例)、单纯后路寰枢椎内固定融合术(3例)、枕颈融合内固定融合术(2例)治疗,均未行结核病灶清除术。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估上颈椎疼痛程度,日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评估脊髓神经功能,红细胞沉降率(ESR)评估结核控制情况。所有患者治疗后继续规范抗结核治疗18个月。结果 5例手术治疗患者手术顺利,手术时间(165±32)min,术中出血量(152±45)mL;术后随访18个月～10年,平均38.6个月。随访期间7例患者结核无复发,抗结核治疗18个月后均达到临床治愈标准。末次随访时,上颈椎VAS评分由治疗前(5.3±1.8)分降至(1.6±1.3)分,JOA评分由治疗前(13.5±2.8)分升至(15.9±0.8)分,ESR由治疗前(65.0±12.6)mm/h降至(13.0±2.6)mm/h。末次随访时所有患者均获得骨性融合,未见继发上颈椎骨性畸形。所有患者均无需二期前路清创治疗。结论一期前路上颈椎结核病灶旷置术通过稳定上颈椎并结合规范抗结核治疗,可控制结核病灶的发展,患者可获得临床治愈,是一种值得推广的治疗新思路。     

Pancreatic tuberculosis

A 63-year-old Japanese man visited our institute with fever of unknown origin. Findings on preoperative imaging modalities were consistent with pancreatic carcinoma, but a positive tuberculin skin test indicated tuberculosis infection. Negative results for MycobacteriumDNA polymerase chain reaction from sputum and bone-marrow aspiration biopsy specimens ruled out pulmonary and miliary tuberculosis, respectively. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy- d-glucose (FDG) showed multiple labeled spots within the pancreas body and chest. Distal pancreatectomy was performed with a diagnosis of suspected pancreatic carcinoma, but the histological and microbiological diagnosis was Mycobacterium infection. A rare case of pancreatic tuberculosis evaluated by FDG PET is reported and discussed herein.     

Duodenal tuberculosis

Two patients with duodenal tuberculosis have been presented. Signs and symptoms of the disease are non-specific but may mimic duodenal ulceration. The relevant aspects of the disease process have been reviewed.     

Genitourinary tuberculosis

The worldwide prevalence of tuberculosis is still high and has remained almost unchanged over the past century as a result of increasing incidence in countries of the Third World. Twenty per cent of patients with tuberculosis will develop an extrapulmonary manifestation over time, the most common site being the genitourinary tract. The patient's history can lead to the sometimes difficult diagnosis. Radiological imaging helps in depicting genitourinary tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis is made on the basis of culture studies and is supported by polymerase chain reaction. The latter has impressive sensitivity and specificity, but lacks the ability to determine biological activity. The combination of three or four anti-tuberculosis drugs over a course of 6 to 9 months remains the treatment of choice. Drug resistance is increasing and necessitates tight therapy control. Tuberculosis of the male seminal duct may be an important cause of male infertility as a result of multiple epididymidal scarring. In these cases testicular sperm extraction is the method of choice for sperm retrieval. The outcome of sperm retrieval followed by intracytoplasmatic sperm injection is not affected.     

Intestinal tuberculosis

A study is made of the post-mortem findings and certain clinical correlations of intestinal tuberculosis found concurrently in sixty-seven cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.The cases are from the State Sanatorium, Wallum Lake, Rhode Island.