特质性元情绪量表(TMMS)在军校大学生中的初步应用

情绪智力的概念最早由耶鲁大学的Ｓａｌｏｖｅｙ提出 ,后经记者出身的Ｇｏｌｄｍａｎ写了一部情绪智力的书而风靡全球。Ｓａｌｏｖｅｙ多年来一致致力于情绪智力的学术研究 ,他将情绪智力定义为个体对自己和他人情绪情感的监控、辨别能力 ,以及利用情绪信息指导个体的思维和行动的能力[1] 。认为个体情绪智力不仅与成功的人生有关 ,还是影响身心健康的重要因素[2 ,3 ] 。在情绪智力的各种测量量表中 ,Ｓａｌｏｖｅｙ的特质性元情绪量表 (ＴｒａｉｔＭｅｔａ -ＭｏｏｄＳｃａｌｅ ,ＴＭＭＳ)在总结了其它量表的基础上 ,有较好的信度、效度[4]…     

地方院校幼师生的情商培养初探

<正>目前,幼儿园教师因情绪失控导致的负面事件频频被报道,虐待和伤害幼儿的事例也屡见不鲜,情绪及情绪智力对心理健康的作用引起学界的关注与重视。我国学者王才康探讨了情绪智力与大学生焦虑、抑郁和心境的关系,其研究结果发现情绪智力高的大学生负性情绪相对较少,比情绪智力低的学生拥有更好的心境[1]。传统智力的一种认知能力,但不包括对情绪信息的加工和处理;在多元智力的影响下,情绪智力对传统智力进行了补充和拓展,情绪智力是一种基本心     

Campbell幸福感量表用于中国大学生的试测报告

追求幸福是人类行为的根本动机之一。人们对于自己是否幸福的主观感受被称之为主观幸福感(Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｗｅｌｌ -ｂｅｉｎｇ)。主观幸福感是对生活满意度和个体情绪状态的一种综合评价 ,它不仅敏感地反映出人们对自身生存质量的关注与感受[1] ;同时 ,它还与许多重要的心理健康指标 ,如乐观[2 ] 、适应性[3] 、焦虑和抑郁[4 ] 以及自杀倾向与行为[5] 有密切的联系。在测量主观幸福感的工具之中 ,幸福感指数量表 (Ｉｎｄｅｘｏｆｗｅｌｌ -ｂｅｉｎｇ)是常用的一种。该量表由Ｃａｍｐｂｅｌｌ等人 1976年编制 ,主要测量受试者目前的…     

初中生认知情绪调节与人格关系

<正>认知情绪调节是指个体为了处理与之相关的情绪唤醒性信息而采取的基于认知性的且能被个体意识到的情绪调节方法,个体面对特定情境时有意识目的的努力调节情绪的过程[1-2]。目前,认知情绪调节研究主要集中于探讨认知性情绪调节的特征,     

北京某儿童福利院成年居住者心理健康状况及与自尊和人格的关系

长期的集中抚养会给个体的心身发育造成深远的影响.与正常儿童相比,福利院儿童在智力水平[1]、情绪调节[2]和行为方面[3]相对较差,社会能力明显低于普通儿童[4].福利院儿童较普通儿童有更为强烈的孤独感体验,在精神质和情绪性上均明显高于普通儿童[5].机构抚养长大的个体可能出现焦虑、抑郁、人际关系困难和众多生理问题[6].本文拟探讨福利院长大青年的心理健康及与自尊和人格的关系.     

中学生情绪智力、家庭环境与攻击性的关系

目的:考察青少年的情绪智力、攻击性发展状况,检验中学生情绪智力、家庭环境与攻击性之间的关系。方法:随机选取河南省两所中学初一、初二年级学生共411人,采用情绪智力量表、家庭环境量表及Buss-Perry攻击量表进行施测。结果:(1)在年级维度上,初二年级学生的情绪智力显著高于初一年级学生的情绪智力(t=-2.96,P0.01)。在家庭环境中,初二年级与初一年级学生相比,他们所处的家庭环境发生了一定程度的变化(t=3.98,P0.001),一二年级学生在攻击性得分上差异不显著(P0.05);(2)在性别维度上,男女生情绪智力整体差异不显著(P0.05),家庭环境整体差异也不显著(P0.05),而在攻击性水平上,男生的攻击性水平要显著高于女生(t=3.49,P0.01);(3)家庭环境、情绪智力与个体攻击性之间两两相关且相关显著(r=-0.27~0.26,P0.05);(4)情绪智力在家庭环境与个体攻击性之间发挥中介作用(ab=0.13,ab/c=16.67%)。结论:家庭环境、情绪智力对中学生攻击性有显著影响,情绪智力在家庭环境与个体攻击性之间起中介作用。     

儿童“数学焦虑”的成因及对策分析

<正>数学学业成就与儿童认知能力的发展有着密切的联系,心理加工过程的缺陷极易导致个体出现"数学学习困难(mathematics learning disability,MD)"。然而,心理加工能力的缺陷还无法全面揭示同龄儿童,尤其是智力水平相当的同龄儿童,在数学学业成就方面的差异状况。随着上个世纪对个体情绪情感研究的深入,学术界逐渐认识到焦虑对于个体行为的重要影响[1]。适度的学业焦虑情绪有助于学生形成良性     

大学生的父母教养方式与社交焦虑:自我差异的中介作用

<正>已有研究发现,父母教养方式影响个体的社交焦虑[1]。自我差异一般指自我各成分的不统一,是一种有情绪意义、较为稳定的认知结构[2],其中,现实-理想自我差异能够预测焦虑的产生[3]。这种预测性通常被认为是两种自我之间的差异引发的否定性的自我评价所导致的[4]。Higgins等人的     

情绪弹性在正念训练改善心境中的作用

正正念是对此时此刻有意识地、不评判地注意~[1]。正念训练能显著改善心境~[2-3],可能包含两种途径:(1)增加积极情绪。如悲伤时扬起嘴角微笑来改善心境;(2)从消极情绪中恢复。如从悲伤事件中提取有利因素调节心境。增加积极情绪能力和消极情绪恢复能力统称为情绪弹性~[4]。研究~[5]显示,情绪弹性可中介正念水平与情绪之间关系。本研究设置双盲随机对照实验,进一步考察在正念训练改善心境过程中情绪弹性所起的作用。     

中小学教师情绪智力、工作家庭冲突与工作满意度的关系研究

目的揭示中小学教师情绪智力、工作家庭冲突与工作满意度之间的关系。方法使用情绪智力量表、工作家庭冲突和工作满意度量表,对281名中小学教师进行调查。结果①中小学教师体验到的工作-家庭冲突程度显著高于家庭-工作冲突程度(t=15.344,P<0.05);②工作家庭冲突与情绪智力和工作满意度负相关显著(rFIW-JS=-0.209,rWIF-JS=-0.251,P<0.05),情绪智力与工作满意度正相关显著(rEI-JS=0.396,P<0.05);③随着工作家庭冲突程度的增强,工作满意度呈下降趋势,但不同情绪智力水平的个体体验到的工作满意度存在着明显差异,情绪智力在工作-家庭冲突(β=-0.154,P<0.05)、家庭-工作冲突(β=-0.179,P<0.05)与工作满意度的关系中调节效应显著。结论工作家庭冲突是影响教师工作满意度的重要因素,情绪智力是个体心理资源的保健因子,中小学教师应积极提高自身情绪智力。     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

Beta-endorphin and drug-induced reward and reinforcement

Although drugs of abuse have different acute mechanisms of action, their brain pathways of reward exhibit common functional effects upon both acute and chronic administration. Long known for its analgesic effect, the opioid beta-endorphin is now shown to induce euphoria, and to have rewarding and reinforcing properties. In this review, we will summarize the present neurobiological and behavioral evidences that support involvement of beta-endorphin in drug-induced reward and reinforcement. Currently, evidence supports a prominent role for beta-endorphin in the reward pathways of cocaine and alcohol. The existing information indicating the importance of beta-endorphin neurotransmission in mediating the reward pathways of nicotine and THC, is thus far circumstantial. The studies described herein employed diverse techniques, such as biochemical measurements of beta-endorphin in various brain sites and plasma, and behavioral measurements, conducted following elimination (via administration of anti-beta-endorphin antibodies or using mutant mice) or augmentation (by intracerebral administration) of beta-endorphin. We suggest that the reward pathways for different addictive drugs converge to a common pathway in which beta-endorphin is a modulating element. beta-Endorphin is involved also with distress. However, reviewing the data collected so far implies a discrete role, beyond that of a stress response, for beta-endorphin in mediating the substance of abuse reward pathway. This may occur via interacting with the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and also by its interesting effects on learning and memory. The functional meaning of beta-endorphin in the process of drug-seeking behavior is discussed.     

PTEN与信号转导及肿瘤

ＴＥＮ[1] (ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅａｎｄｔｅｎｓｉｎｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｙｄｅｌｅｔｅｄｏｎｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｔｅｎ)又名ＭＭＡＣ1 [2 ] (ｍｕｔａｔｅｄｉｎｍｕｔｉｐｌｙａｄａｎｃｅｄｃａｎｃｅｒ 1 )和ＴＥＰ1 [3 ] (ＴＧＦ -βｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄａｎｄｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌ -ｒｉｃｈｅｄｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ 1 ) (以下均称为ＰＴＥＮ) ,是 1 997年由 3个研究小组先后发现的一个具有双特异磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因。ＰＴＥＮ基因异常广泛存在于人类多种恶性肿瘤 ,如恶性神经胶质瘤、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、黑色素瘤等…     

Tobacco and alcohol and the risk of head and neck cancer

Summary We carried out two case-control studies on the relative risk of head and neck cancer in association with tobacco and alcohol consumption. The first study carried out at the ENT Department of the University hospitals of Heidelberg and Giessen (FRG) comprised 200 male patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and 800 control subjects matched for sex, age, and residential area (1:4 matching design). Of the tumour patients, 4.5% had never smoked, in contrast to 29.5% of the control group. The average tobacco and alcohol consumption of the patients was approximately twice as high as in the control subjects. The highest alcohol and tobacco consumption was observed in patients suffering from oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol increased the risk of head and neck cancer in a dose-dependent fashion and acted as independent risk factors. In heavy smokers (> 60 pack-years) a relative risk of 23.4 (alcohol adjusted) was calculated. Combined alcohol and tobacco consumption showed a synergistic effect. The risk ratio increased more in a multiplicative than in an additive manner. Oral and laryngeal cancer were associated with the highest tobacco-associated risk values. The highest ethanol-associated risk values were associated with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. The second study was carried out at the ENT Department of the University of Heidelberg on 164 males with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and 656 control subjects matched for sex, age and residential area (1:4 matching design). Of the cases, 4.2% had never smoked, compared with 28.5% of the control subjects. The risk of laryngeal cancer by tobacco consumption was dose dependent, reaching a maximum value of 9.1 (adjusted for alcohol) for a consumption of more than 50 tobacco-years (TY). The relative risk of laryngeal cancer associated with alcohol intake was also dose dependent, reaching a value of 9.0 (adjusted for tobacco) for a mean daily consumption of more than 75 g alcohol. An analysis of subsite specific risks showed that heavy smokers (> 50 TY) carried a nearly ten times higher risk of supraglottic cancer than of glottic cancer. The risk of supraglottic cancer from alcohol consumption was also higher than that of glottic cancer.     

Postinfectious immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: pathogenic and clinical values and implications

Autoimmunity is still a mystery of clinical immunology and medicine as a whole. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders remain unclear and, thus, are assessed as a balance between hereditary predisposition, triggering factors and the appearance of autoantibodies and/or self-reactive T cells. Among the immunological armamentarium, molecular mimicry, based on self-reactive T- and B-cell activation by cross-reactive epitopes of infectious agents, is of special value. Hypotheses regarding the possible involvement of molecular mimicry in the development of postinfectious autoimmunity are currently very intriguing. They provide new approaches for identifying etiological agents that are associated with postinfectious autoimmunity, paired microbial- and tissue-linked epitopes targeted for autoimmune reaction determination, postinfectious autoimmunity pathogenesis recognition and specific prevention, and therapy for autoimmune disorder development.     

类赖氨酰氧化酶2与肿瘤转移和发生

类赖氨酰氧化酶2(lysyl oxidase-like 2,LOXL2)是赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)基因家族的成员之一,其表达产物能促进胶原沉积.LOXL2的过表达能促进纤维化,并与肿瘤侵袭、转移及不良预后有关.目前大部分学者认为LOXL2是一种转移促进基因,也有实验支持其是一种肿瘤抑制基因.研究发现LOXL2可以通过激活Snail/Ecadherin通路或Src/FAK通路促进转移.LOXL2有望作为肿瘤生物标志物,用于预后判断,成为一个新的治疗靶点.     

Muscle strength and serum testosterone,cortisol and SHBG concentrations in middle-aged and elderly men and women

Forty healthy males (M) and females (F) divided into two different age groups i.e. M50 years (range 44–57; n= 9), F50 years (range 43–54; n= 9), M70 years (range 64–73; n= 11) and F70 years (range 63–73; n= 11) volunteered as subjects for examination of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximal voluntary isometric force production characteristics of the leg extensor muscles and serum androgen and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The CSA in the male groups was greatly larger (P < 0.01) than in the female groups and both elderly groups demonstrated slightly (n.s.) smaller values in the CSA than the two middle-aged groups. Maximal force of 2854 ± 452 N in M50 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of 2627 ± 752 N recorded for F50 as well as the force of 2787 ± 843 in M70 was greater (P < 0.001) than that of 1849 ± 295 recorded for F70. The force between F50 and F70 differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other. The maximal rate of force production in M50 was greater (P < 0.01) than in F50 as well as in M70 greater (P < 0.001) than in F70. Both middle-aged groups demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) values than the respective elderly groups of the same sex. The individual values in the CSA correlated with the values in maximal force both in the middle-aged subjects (r= 0.66; P < 0.01) and in the elderly subjects (r= 0.69; P < 0.01). The mean concentration of serum testosterone in M50 was slightly (n.s.) greater than in M70 and in F50 significantly (P < 0.05) greater than in F70. Serum SHBG levels were lower in the males (P < 0.01) than in the females and serum testosterone/SHBG ratio in M70 and in F70 were lower (P < 0.05) than in M50 and in F50, respectively. In the females significant positive correlations were observed between the individual values in serum testosterone concentration and the values both in the CSA (r= 0.46; P < 0.05) and in maximal force (r= 0.62; P < 0.01) as well as between serum testosterone/SHBG ratio and both the CSA (r= 0.55; P < 0.05) and maximal force (r= 0.68; P < 0.01). The present results imply that the decreasing basal level of blood testosterone over the years in aging people, especially in females, may lead to decreasing anabolic effects on muscles thus having an association with age-related declines in the maximal voluntary neuromuscular performance capacity in aging people.