添加载银纳米二氧化钛光亮漆体外细胞毒性及其抗菌性的实验研究

目的 研究添加载银纳米二氧化钛（Ag/TiO₂）抗菌剂对软衬硅橡胶光亮漆体外细胞毒性及抗菌性能的影响。方法 制备直径10 mm、厚度2 mm 的Silagum-Comfort软衬硅橡胶圆形试样,随机分成6组,将Ag/TiO₂按0、0.5％、1.0％、1.5％、2.0％、2.5%的重量比分别添加于光亮漆的基质和催化剂中,均匀搅拌后分别涂布于对应组试件表面一遍,制成含不同浓度抗菌剂的软衬硅橡胶试件;采用噻唑蓝比色法检测软衬硅橡胶试件对3T3细胞（小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞）的体外细胞毒性;使用粗糙度仪测量软衬硅橡胶试件表面粗糙度值（Ra）;采用贴膜法检测软衬硅橡胶试件的体外抗白色假丝酵母菌性能。结果 各实验组细胞毒性级别为0~2级。光亮漆的Ra值随着抗菌剂浓度的增加有所提高,但各浓度抗菌剂组与0组相比无统计学差异。随着抗菌剂浓度的增加,抗菌率也提高;抗菌剂浓度为2.0%和2.5%时,抗菌率已达到 97.5%和96.5%。结论 Ag/TiO₂光亮漆具有良好的抗菌效果,能有效改善软衬硅橡胶的抗菌性能。     

载银纳米二氧化钛树脂基托对变异链球菌和白色假丝酵母菌抗菌性的体外研究

目的采用体外法研究载银纳米二氧化钛（Ag-TiO2）树脂基托对口腔常见条件致病菌的单一游离菌体及菌斑生物膜的抗菌性能。方法将不同质量分数的Ag-TiO2抗菌粉剂添加到树脂基托材料中,制成抗菌树脂基托。采用薄膜密贴法分别检测该抗菌树脂基托对变异链球菌、白色假丝酵母菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率,并用扫描电镜观察抗菌树脂基托表面变异链球菌、白色假丝酵母菌的生长情况。结果与未添加抗菌剂相比,抗菌剂质量分数为0.7%时,抗菌树脂基托对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达93.3%;抗菌剂质量分数为1.5%时,抗菌树脂基托对变异链球菌的抗菌率达90.2%;抗菌剂质量分数为2.5%时,抗菌树脂基托对白色假丝酵母菌的抗菌率也达91.2%。与未添加抗菌剂相比,抗菌树脂基托表面变异链球菌、白色假丝酵母菌的黏附数量明显减少。结论Ag-TiO2可以显著提高树脂基托的抗菌性能。     

义齿软衬和赝复体硅橡胶抗菌性的研究进展

硅橡胶材料以其良好的物理、化学、生物性能在口腔颌面赝复修复和义齿软衬等方面得到了越来越多的应用.因其对组织毒性小,表面呈多孔性,在口腔环境中给微生物的滋生提供了有利条件.微生物特别是白色假丝酵母菌的黏附可加速材料的老化、着色,影响美观,使材料物理性能发生改变,降低材料的使用寿命,甚至导致义齿性口炎的发生,故硅橡胶的抗菌...     

四针状氧化锌晶须对复合树脂抗菌性能的影响

目的 研究四针状氧化锌晶须(tetrapod-like zinc oxide whiskers,T-ZnOw)抗菌剂对复合树脂抗菌性能的影响,为减少树脂修复后继发龋提供新方法.方法 液体稀释法测试T-ZnOw和无机载银抗菌剂对变形链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC).复合树脂粉剂中分别加入质量分数为3%、5%、10%的T-ZnOw和质量分数分别为l%、3%、5%的无机载银抗菌剂,直接接触法测定抗菌率,比较树脂样本加速老化处理3个月后的抗菌率.结果 T-ZnOw和无机载银抗菌剂的MIC分别为0.15625、0.15625 g/L,MBC分别为0.3125、0.15625 g/L.T-ZnOw质量分数为3%、5%、10%时,树脂对变形链球菌的抗菌率分别为(84.85±5.16)%、(94.22±3.73)%、(99.43±0.48)%.无机载银抗菌剂质量分数为1%、3%、5%时,复合树脂的抗菌率分别为(71.01±7.67)%、(90.76±5.91)%、(97.19±4.10)%.老化后添加5%T-ZnOw和5%无机载银抗菌剂的树脂抗菌率分别为(89.89±5.55)%和(78.79±7.81)%.结论 添加T-ZnOw可赋予复合树脂抗菌性能,其质量分数达5%时即可取得较好的抗菌效果,且抗菌长效性优于无机载银抗菌剂.     

口腔念珠菌病患者口内菌株的检出和药敏性观察

目的通过对健康人和口腔念珠菌病患者口内假丝酵母菌（即念珠菌）株的检测和药物敏感性试验,探讨假丝酵母菌的种类及药敏性,并结合制霉菌素局部疗效的观察,初步探讨最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值与临床疗效的关系,为临床用药提供参考。方法选择61例口腔念珠菌病患者为试验组,43例健康自愿者为对照组,含漱法收集口腔假丝酵母菌标本,采用CHROMagar假丝酵母菌显色培养基对其进行分离鉴定,然后采用NCCLSM27- A微量稀释法测定假丝酵母菌分离株对制霉菌素、酮康唑和氟康唑的MIC值。试验组中选择31例进行制霉菌素治疗,1周后观察临床疗效,并与患者的MIC值作比较。结果①试验组和对照组假丝酵母菌检出率分别为78.69%和30.23%,其中白色假丝酵母菌分别占80.70%和92.31%。②白色假丝酵母菌对氟康唑和酮康唑的MIC值均数间无统计学差异（P>0.05）,但唑类药物的MIC值小于制霉菌素。③白色假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、酮康唑和制霉菌素的敏感率分别为95.65%、80.43%和89.13%,少数菌株存在耐药现象。④制霉菌素局部治疗口腔念珠菌病有效率为87.10%,存在少数MIC值与临床疗效结果不一的病例。结论目前口腔假丝酵母菌感染患者口内菌株的耐药现象并不突出,白色假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、酮康唑、制霉菌素的敏感率均较高;酮康唑和氟康唑MIC值较小,提示临床上用制霉菌素治疗疗效欠佳时可换用唑类药物。MIC值与临床疗效存在一定相关性,但MIC值高低与临床疗效并非完全一致。     

分泌型天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因表达差异及其影响因素

分泌型天冬氨酸蛋白酶(SAP)是白色假丝酵母菌最重要的毒力因子之一,由sap基因家族编码.在体外培养和体内外白色假丝酵母菌感染过程中,sap基因家族各成员间存在着表达和调控上的差异.本文就白色假丝酵母菌sap基因家族分子及其结构特点、sap基因表达差异及其影响因素作一综述.     

伊曲康唑增强义齿软衬材料抗菌性的研究

目的:义齿佩带者常见口腔问题是念珠菌性义齿性口炎的发生,而义齿软衬材料的使用可增加义齿性口炎的易感性。本研究拟探讨在软衬材料中加入伊曲康唑后对抗菌性的影响。方法:选用德国梅卡硅橡胶室温固化软衬材料、COE SOFT软衬材料、日进软衬材料、自凝软衬垫等四种材料。抗真菌药物伊曲康唑分别按0%、3%、6%、9%(W/W)药物/试件的比例加入各材料中,分别制成标准试件后通过培养方法监测材料对白色念珠菌标准株的抗菌性以及时相关系。结果:在4种材料中,加入伊曲康唑试件对念珠菌的抑制性能较之同种未加入伊曲康唑者均有增加,具有统计学差异。不同材料中加入药物后,其抗菌性有一定的时间差异,但都在第6~8 d后抗菌性明显减低。6%W/W药物材料比例试件测试结果与9%者差异无统计学意义,但与0%或3%比较,抗菌效果增加。结论:无论何种材料,其表面念珠菌的生长抑制作用均与药物浓度有关,随着时间的推移,高浓度药物的材料对念珠菌生长抑制作用衰退较慢,但一定时间后,药物作用无明显差异;加入6%的浓度时即可达到有效抑菌作用。提示在软衬材料中加入伊曲康唑可作为暂时性软衬材料短期使用时预防义齿性口炎的积极措施。     

口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用

目的 观测3种口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的生长有无抑制作用.方法 采用直接点种法、反点种菌落计数法和液体共培养法观测口腔变异链球菌、血链球菌、唾液链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用.结果 1)直接点种法中各组均未观察到清晰的抑菌圈;2)唾液链球菌软琼脂上的白假丝酵母菌菌落数较对照组减少(P<0.05);3)活菌与白假丝酵母菌...     

冷热循环对载银软衬材料白色念珠菌附着的影响

目的:比较载银软衬材料老化前后对白色念球菌的抗菌效果。方法:制作10 mm×10 mm×3 mm规格载银和非载银软衬材料试件各16个,各取8个冷热循环4 000次处理;用白色念珠菌液对各试件黏附实验。结果:非载银材料冷热循环后细菌附着增加(P<0.05);载银材料冷热循环后细菌黏附数量无显著变化(P>0.05)。冷热循环与否,载银材料表面细菌粘附均少于非载银材料(P<0.01)。结论:老化的软衬材料易附着白色念珠菌,老化的载银软衬材料仍具有抗菌作用。     

有机硅季铵盐浸泡纯钛对白假丝酵母菌生长的抑制作用

目的 通过有机硅季铵盐溶液浸泡处理纯钛试件,研究该方法对白假丝酵母菌的抗菌效果.方法 制作纯钛试件,将其随机分为A～F的6组,A～E组分别用浓度为1％、5％、10％、30％、60％的有机硅季铵盐溶液对纯钛试件进行抗菌处理,F组用蒸馏水浸泡处理作为对照,每组再分4小组,各小组处理时间分别为30、60、120、240 min,用比浊法统计分析有机硅处理后的纯钛试件对白假丝酵母菌生长的影响.将试件分别进行0、2 500、5 000、10 000次的冷热循环实验后再进行细菌培养,检验有机硅季铵盐是否具有长效抗菌性.结果 不同处理浓度对白假丝酵母菌生长有影响;不同处理时间对白假丝酵母菌生长无影响;处理浓度和处理时间两因素之间存在交互作用.1％的有机硅季铵盐浸泡纯钛即可使其产生抗菌性,浸泡120 min抗菌效果最佳.冷热循环5 000次后纯钛仍具有抗菌性;10 000次后无抗菌性.结论 有机硅季铵盐溶液浸泡纯钛,对白假丝酵母菌生长具有抑制作用,可使纯钛具有长效抗菌性能.     

Biofilm formation of Candida albicans on the surfaces of deteriorated soft denture lining materials caused by denture cleansers in vitro

Candidal colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on denture materials are important in the development of pathogenesis, such as denture stomatitis. Routine use of denture cleansers is one of the most effective methods of denture plaque control, although the incompatibility of soft liners and denture cleansers cause damage to the materials. The present study, biofilm formation of Candida albicans on the surfaces of soft denture lining materials, immersed in denture cleansers for 180 days were studied. Seven commercially available soft denture lining materials, were artificially deteriorated by immersion into three commercially available denture cleansers for 180 days, and subsequent fungal growth and biofilm formation were studied by measuring pH of the media and by the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis. Fungal biofilm formation on the deteriorated soft liners varied depending upon the combination of the soft liners and denture cleansers. Several combinations of soft liners with denture cleansers exhibited the significantly high colonization capacity as compared with each sample immersed in distilled water, used as individual controls. The relationship between the biofilm formation on the samples of each material and the surface roughness of the soft lining materials was analyzed. However, no significant correlation was observed. The results, taken together, suggested that fungal colonization could be predominantly regulated by the combination of lining material with denture cleansers. In clinical terms, our findings suggests that daily cleansing of soft lining materials with mismatched denture cleansers promoted the subsequent biofilm formation of fungi on the materials.     

两种纳米无机抗菌剂对义齿软衬材料机械性能的影响

目的：研究添加纳米载银磷酸锆和载银纳米二氧化钛对义齿软衬材料机械性能的影响。方法：将纳米载银磷酸锆和载银纳米二氧化钛分别按2%、5%、10%和1%、3%、5%的比例添加于Silagum软衬材料中,按国家相关标准检测其粘结强度、拉伸强度和邵氏硬度的变化。结果：两种纳米无机抗菌剂在一定浓度范围内对软衬材料的机械性能均有一定的增强作用。当纳米载银磷酸锆与载银纳米二氧化钛的添加质量分数分别为5%和3%时,软衬材料的机械性能综合体现较好。结论：纳米载银磷酸锆与载银纳米二氧化钛在软衬材料中的最佳添加量分别为5%和3%,且在此量下,载银纳米二氧化钛对软衬材料机械性能的增强作用明显优于纳米载银磷酸锆。     

Evaluation of the sanitization effectiveness of a denture-cleaning product on dentures contaminated with known microbial flora. An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: To see if dentures contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, and herpes simplex virus 1 could be effectively decontaminated by using Medical Tabs for Dentures. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Ten methylmethacrylate dentures with processed soft liners (soft-liner dentures) and 10 methylmethacrylate dentures without processed soft liners (hard dentures) were aseptically fragmented and individually incubated with a target microorganism. Test denture fragments were immersed in Medical for 5 minutes, vortexed for 5 minutes, and serially diluted onto media. The control denture fragments were similarly treated in sterile water. For virus contamination, denture fragments were contaminated with 1.2 x 10(9) tissue culture infective dose (TCID)50/mL. They were treated with either Medical for 5 minutes (test fragments) or water (controls) for 5 minutes. Serial dilutions were performed and viral (TCID)50/mL titers were calculated using the Reed-Muench method. RESULTS: Medical treatments effectively eliminated C. albicans, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa from soft-liner dentures. Treatment of hard dentures eradicated C. albicans and reduced the numbers of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa to < 10. B. cereus showed a reduction of 10 microorganisms in hard dentures while the soft-liner dentures did not show an appreciable reduction. Viral analyses found that both types of dentures retained large amounts of virus when washed with water, but no virus was recovered from any of the 40 samples treated with Medical. CONCLUSION: A single use of Medical Tabs for Dentures is effective in eliminating certain species of microorganisms, including selected viruses, in vitro.     

Changes in surface roughness and colour stability of soft denture lining materials caused by denture cleansers

Soft denture lining materials were immersed into solutions of denture cleansers for 8 h at room temperature, and immersed into distilled water for the remainder of the 24-h period at 37 degrees C. Surface roughness of the soft denture lining materials was measured by contact type surface roughness instrument. For the colour stability test, soft denture lining materials were immersed in the denture cleansers as described above for 180 days. Finally, the colour changes of each material were quantitatively measured by a photometrical instrument to obtain the colour differences between newly processed specimen and immersed specimens (P < 0.01). An autopolymerizing silicone material, Evatouch, exhibited severe changes in surface roughness by all denture cleanser, and the generic material GC Denture Relining showed the minimal changes. Severe colour changes were also observed with some liner and cleanser combinations (P < 0.01). Except for Evatouth, the four silicone soft liners were more stable in surface roughness and in colour change than the two acrylic soft liners. One autopolymerizing silicone (GC denture relining) and one heat curing silicone (Molloplast B) demonstrated the best stability.     

Relationship between plasticizer content and tensile bond strength of soft denture liners to a denture base resin

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of plasticizer content on the tensile bond strength of heat-cured acrylic soft denture liners to a denture base resin. Differences among materials were significant, except for 100 wt% Dibutyl Sebacate (DBS) and 80 wt% DBS of tensile bond strength. The bond strength of all materials to the denture base increased with an increase in thermal cycles significantly except for 40 wt% DBS. The tensile bond strength of soft denture liners to the denture base resin significantly decreased with an increase of plasticizer contents. Differences were found among the difference plasticizer contents in failure types between the denture base resin and soft denture liners. The results suggest that the tensile bond strengths of heat-cured acrylic soft denture liners to the denture base resin were lower with an increase in plasticizer content.     

Comparison of the physical properties of 11 soft denture liners.

Soft denture liners are an important treatment option for patients who have chronic soreness associated with their prostheses. The objective of this study is to determine the tensile strength, elongation, hardness, tear strength, and tear energy of eight plasticized polymers or copolymers, two silicones, and one polyphosphazene fluoroelastomer. Tests were made on samples that were stored in a humidor for 24 hours before testing. The range of data is as follows: tensile strength, 8 to 85 kg/cm2; percent elongation, 150% to 542%; hardness, 25 to 95 Shore-A units; tear energy, 1.43 x 10(6) to 40.4 x 10(6) ergs/cm2; tear resistance, 2.6 to 26.3 kg/cm. It can be concluded that (1) the data obtained can be useful in characterizing the performance of soft denture liners, (2) there is considerable variability in the physical/mechanical properties of soft denture liners, and (3) the required essential properties for soft denture liners are as yet not known.     

应用四唑盐比色法对义齿软衬材料的细胞毒性评价

四唑盐比色法(MTT assay)是通过比色测定细胞数量和活性的新方法。其敏感性与细胞计数法、同位素标记法相似；本文采用该法检测了三种义齿软衬材料(可见光固化、室温固化及热固化义齿软衬材料)对细胞的毒性作用。结果表明，3种材料的50“浓度浸渍液的细胞毒性程度为1～0级，100%浓度浸渍液的细胞毒性程度为2～0级，显示出较低的细胞毒性。     

Measurement of adsorption of salivary proteins onto soft denture lining materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The adhesion of Candida albicans to soft liners is a major causative factor in denture stomatitis. It has been suggested that salivary proteins play an important role in this candidal adhesion. PURPOSE: This study measured the adsorption of salivary proteins on soft liners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five commercial materials and 1 experimental material were immersed in saliva, albumin solution, or milk. Proteins adsorbed on the material surfaces were measured by ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. RESULTS: The amount of proteins adsorbed to the 6 materials varied considerably. Protein adsorption was significantly lower in the experimental fluoropolymer and polyphosphazene, and higher in acrylic resin and silicone. CONCLUSION: Different soft liners promote adsorption of varying amounts of protein.     

软衬基托全口义齿的固位与力研究

目的 研究比较软衬基托全口义齿与传统全口义齿的固位力和（牙合）力,以评价弹性软托全口义齿的治疗效果,以期为临床的软衬治疗提供理论依据。方法 选择10名牙槽嵴欠丰满的全口义齿患者为受试对象,以SoftReverse软衬材制作软衬义齿基托,分别测试他们戴软衬基托和传统基托义齿时的固位力及（牙合）力,进行自身对照分析。结果 所有患者戴弹性软基托义齿时的固位力和（牙合）力均明显高于戴传统基托时的相对应测试值。结论 从咀嚼功能和戴牙舒适的角度上说,弹性软衬基托全口义齿明显地优于传统基托全口义齿。     

Energy absorption and hardness of chair-side denture soft lining materials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hardness and energy absorption properties of four commercially available chairside silicone denture soft lining materials and to compare their properties with those of a heat-polymerized silicone denture liner. The denture lining materials investigated were four auto-polymerising silicone soft liners (GC Reline Soft, Ufigel SC, Elite Soft Relining and Tokuyama Sofreliner S) and a heat-polymerised silicone liner (Molloplast B). The soft liners were processed according to manufacturers' instructions. The specimens for hardness testing were 38 x 38 x 3 mm. The specimens for energy absorption test were 10 x 10 x 3 mm. In each test ten samples of each material were tested. There was strong evidence that Tokuyama Sofreliner S and, to a lesser extent, Ufigel SC, were less stiff and more resilient than Molloplast B. There was also strong evidence that both GC Reline Soft and Elite Soft Relining were harder than Molloplast B, while Ufigel SC and Tokuyama Sofreliner S were softer In conclusion differences existed between hardness and energy absorption properties of the soft lining materials.