| 潜水相关内耳气压伤 |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘文武 俞旭华 李慈 徐佳骏 徐齐兵 方以群 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海军特色医学中心潜水与高气压研究室,海军特色医学中心,海军特色医学中心,海军特色医学中心,海军东海舰队,海军特色医学中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(81772015,81901912)；国防科技创新特区项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 潜水过程中,环境压力变化可导致内耳气压伤,而反复捏鼻鼓气平衡中耳压力是主要原因。捏鼻鼓气会增加脑脊液压力和内耳压力,从而内耳外淋巴和中耳之间的梯度增大,导致圆窗或卵圆窗破裂、外淋巴从内耳泄漏。虽然内耳气压伤的发病率较低,但是影响适潜性的一个重要原因。内耳气压伤潜水员可出现眩晕、耳鸣和听力丧失等非特异性症状;如前庭受累可导致恶心和呕吐。内耳气压伤最主要与内耳减压病相鉴别。内耳气压伤治疗包括加压治疗、保守治疗和/或手术修复。本文对内耳气压伤的相关知识做简要介绍。
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| 关 键 词： | 潜水，内耳气压伤，外淋巴瘘，减压病 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/5/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/11/13 0:00:00 |
Diving-related inner ear barotrauma |
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| Authors: | LIU Wen-wu YU Xu-hu LI Ci XU Jia-jun XU Qi-bing FANG Yi-qun |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China;2. Clinic of Warship 862, No. 92118 Troop of PLA Navy, Ningbo 315500, Zhejiang, China*Corresponding author |
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| Abstract: | During diving, the change in ambient pressure may cause barotrauma which is closely related to the repeated Valsalva maneuver for equilibration of middle ear pressure. Valsalva maneuver may increase the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and inner ear pressure and therefore the pressure gradient between inner ear lymph and middle ear increases, which may cause the rupture of round or oval window and the perilymph leakage from the inner ear. Although the incidence of inner ear barotrauma is low, it is an important factor affecting the fitness to dive. Divers with inner ear barotrauma usually experience non-specific symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. The vestibular involvement may even cause nausea and vomiting. The inner ear barotrauma is mainly distinguished from inner ear decompression sickness. Treatments for inner ear barotrauma include compression therapy, conservative treatment, and / or surgical repair. Herein, we briefly introduce the current knowledge about inner ear barotrauma. |
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| Keywords: | Diving inner-ear barotrauma perilymphatic fistula decompression sickness |
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