| 广州市托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤监测状况 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈思宇,刘伟,刘伟佳,吴德平,林蓉,孙艺,熊莉华.广州市托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤监测状况[J].中国学校卫生,2022,43(10):1570-1573. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈思宇 刘伟 刘伟佳 吴德平 林蓉 孙艺 熊莉华 |
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| 作者单位： | 广东省广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部，510440 |
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| 基金项目： | 广州市卫生健康科技项目20211A010045 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解2018—2020学年广州市托幼机构儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤的情况，为托幼机构呼吸道传染病防控提供参考。 方法 从“广州市健康监测系统”收集筛选2018—2020学年托幼机构儿童因病缺勤数据，利用R 4.1.3软件进行分析。 结果 2018—2020学年分别对1 965，2 019，2 236所托幼机构开展监测，3学年儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤率分别为3.08‰，2.02‰。托班、小班、中班及大班因呼吸道症状缺勤率分别为3.75‰，4.17‰，2.97‰，2.09‰，因呼吸道疾病缺勤率分别为2.34‰，2.60‰，1.94‰，1.50‰，高年级缺勤率低于低年级(χ2值分别为65 197.95，27 929.44，P值均 < 0.01)；男生因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤率(3.11‰，2.05‰)高于女生(3.06‰，1.97‰)(χ2值分别为57.71，229.45，P值均 < 0.01)。托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤呈现12月及次年5月2个高峰，2019学年第二学期开始(新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生后)，呼吸道症状/疾病导致的缺课率较之前同期降低。 结论 由呼吸道症状或疾病导致的缺勤占因病缺勤总量的一半，且具有季节性，低年龄段及男生是因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤的重点关注对象。应充分发挥学校晨检系统症状监测的及时预警作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 呼吸道疾病 人群监测 缺勤 儿童 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-15 |
Monitoring of absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms and diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou |
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| Affiliation: | Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou(510440), China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To analyse monitoring absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms/diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou, and to provide reference for risk prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in kindergartens. Methods Data of absenteeism due to symptoms and diseases in kindergartens were collected from "Guangzhou Student Health Monitoring System", and was analyzed by using R 4.1.3 software. Results During 2018-2020 academic year, there were 1 965, 2 019, 2 236 kindergartens being monitored respectively. The absenteeism rate of kindergarten's children due to respiratory symptoms and diseases in Guangzhou were 3.08‰ and 2.02‰. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory symptoms were 3.75‰, 4.17‰, 2.97‰ and 2.09‰ in baby class, junior class, middle class and senior class, respectively. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory diseases were 2.34‰, 2.60‰, 1.94‰ and 1.50‰, respectively. The absenteeism rate in higher grade was lower than that in lower grade(χ2=65 197.95, 27 929.44, P < 0.01). The absenteeism rates of boys (3.11‰, 2.05‰) due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were significantly higher than those of girls (3.06‰, 1.97‰)(χ2=57.71, 229.45, P < 0.01). The absenteeism of preschoolers due to respiratory symptoms/diseases showed two peaks in December of the this year and May of the following year. At the beginning of the second semester of 2019 academic year (after the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019), the absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were lower than those of the same period in previous years. Conclusions The absences due to respiratory symptoms or diseases not only accounted for half of the total absences due to illness, but also had seasonal characteristics. Children in the youngerage group and most boys are treated as a focus group for absence due to respiratory symptoms/illnesses. It's necessary to give full use of timely warning function of health monitoring system. |
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