| 1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入及营养素来源比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨媞媞,张倩,王璐璐,徐培培,甘倩,曹薇,李荔,许娟,胡小琪,何宇纳,王玉英,王宏亮,潘慧,赵文华.1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入及营养素来源比较[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2021,25(5):528. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨媞媞 张倩 王璐璐 徐培培 甘倩 曹薇 李荔 许娟 胡小琪 何宇纳 王玉英 王宏亮 潘慧 赵文华 |
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| 作者单位： | 100050 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技基础资源调查专项2017FY101100 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入和能量的营养素来源及变化特征。 方法 分析1982年全国营养调查和2010—2013年中国居民营养与健康状况监测(简称“2012年营养调查”)中参加膳食调查的6~17岁儿童的膳食摄入情况。1982年的膳食信息连续5 d采用家庭食物称重记账法收集，2012年的膳食信息连续3 d采用24 h膳食回顾与3 d家庭油、盐、调味品称重相结合方法收集。 结果 从1982年到2012年，中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量日平均摄入量由(2 216.5±19.0)kcal/d下降至(1 766.4±30.6)kcal/d(t=45.05, P＜0.001)；碳水化合物供能比由(73.7±0.4)%下降至(55.5±0.6)%(t=102.10, P＜0.001)；蛋白质供能比由(10.8±0.1)%增加至(12.3±0.2)%(t=-33.40, P＜0.001)；脂肪供能比由(15.2±0.3)%增加至(33.2±0.5)%(t=-105.22, P＜0.001)。脂肪供能比超过宏量营养素可接受范围上限(30%)的6~17岁儿童比例由1982年的6.1%增加至2012年的59.8%。 结论 2012年和1982年相比中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入水平下降，三大宏量营养素供能比例发生变化，碳水化合物供能比减少，蛋白质和脂肪供能比增加。应充分利用政策支持，结合学校、家庭和社会多方面力量广泛开展营养宣传教育，引导6~17岁儿童合理饮食，调整城乡6~17岁儿童饮食结构。
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| 关 键 词： | 能量摄入量 宏量营养素供能比 6~17岁儿童 膳食营养 变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-16 |
Comparison of dietary energy intake and nutrient sources of Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years between 1982 and 2012 |
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| Affiliation: | National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To understand the dietary energy intake and energy nutrient sources and change characteristics of Chinese children aged 6 to 17 in 1982 and 2012. Methods The dietary intakes of children aged 6 to 17 years who participated in the dietary survey in the 1982 China National Nutrition Survey and the 2010-2013 Chinese Health and Nutrition Surveillance were analyzed. The dietary information in 1982 was collected using household food weighing accounting for 5 consecutive days, and the dietary information in 2012 was collected using a combination of 24-hour dietary recall and 3 days of household oil, salt, and condiment consumption weighing for 3 consecutive days. Results From 1982 to 2012, the average daily dietary energy intake of Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years decreased from (2 216.5±19.0) kcal/d to (1 766.4±30.6) kcal/d (t=45.05, P < 0.001); the ratio of energy from carbohydrate decreased from (73.7±0.4)% to (55.5±0.6)% (t=102.10, P < 0.001); the ratio of energy from protein increased from (10.8±0.1)% to (12.3±0.2)% (t=-33.40, P < 0.001); the ratio of energy from fat increased from (15.2±0.3)% to (33.2±0.5)% (t=-105.22, P < 0.001). The proportion of children aged 6 to 17 years whose ratio of energy from fat exceeded the upper limit (30%) of the acceptable macronutrient distribution range increased from 6.1% in 1982 to 59.8% in 2012. Conclusions From 1982 to 2012, the dietary energy intake of children aged 6 to 17 years in China decreased, and the ratios of energy from the three macronutrients changed, the ratio from carbohydrate decreased, and the ratios from protein and fat increased. It is necessary to make full use of the policy support, combining schools, families, and society to carry out extensive nutrition promotion and education, so as to guide children aged 6 to 17 years to eat rationally, and adjust the diet structure of children aged 6 to 17 years in urban and rural areas. |
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