| 造血干细胞移植患者心理困扰影响因素与干预的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 张婷,韩爱芝,葛健,龙章彪. 造血干细胞移植患者心理困扰影响因素与干预的研究进展[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(4): 651-654. DOI: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002422 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张婷 韩爱芝 葛健 龙章彪 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽医科大学第一附属医院血液科，安徽 合肥 230032 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目81900118安徽省自然科学基金项目1708085MH224安徽省2019年重点研究与开发计划立项项目201904a07020057 |
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| 摘 要： | 心理困扰是多因素引起的不愉快的情绪体验，而这些体验会影响患者有效应对癌症及其躯体症状和治疗的能力，可以显著降低患者的生活质量，影响健康结局。心理困扰是造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HSCT)患者最常见的心理问题，被国际肿瘤协会列为第6项生命体征，常表现为焦虑抑郁、创伤后应激障碍、睡眠障碍、谵妄和疲乏等不适症状。目前，国内外已经对HSCT患者心理困扰影响因素及干预方法进行了大量研究。这些研究提示女性、年龄、疼痛、身体功能、消极应对和家庭社会功能低下等是HSCT患者发生心理困扰的影响因素。同时也报道了HSCT患者心理困扰的干预方法，主要包括心理行为疗法、运动疗法、音乐疗法、健康教育干预法和姑息护理。这些干预方法均被证实可以减轻患者的不良情绪，改善心理状态，降低心理困扰水平，进而提高患者的生活质量。这一系列的研究为HSCT患者实施护理干预提供了依据和理论指导，同时建议国内今后开展多中心、大样本的纵向研究，进一步明确HSCT患者心理困扰的影响因素及影响机制，探讨一种实用性、安全性和可行性较强的干预方案。本文通过查阅文献，就上述内容进行综述。
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| 关 键 词： | 造血干细胞移植 心理困扰 影响因素 护理干预 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-27 |
Research progress of the influencing factors and interventions of psychosocial distress in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China |
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| Abstract: | Psychological distress is an unpleasant emotional experience caused by multiple factors. These experiences can affect patients' ability to effectively cope with cancer and its physical symptoms and treatment, significantly reduce their quality of life and affect health outcomes. Psychological distress is the most common psychological problem in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, which is listed as the sixth vital sign by the International Oncology Society. It is often manifested as anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorder, delirium, fatigue and other uncomfortable symptoms. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted on the influencing factors and intervention methods of HSCT patients' psychological distress. These studies suggest that female, age, pain, physical function, negative coping and low family social function are the influencing factors of psychological distress in HSCT patients. At the same time, the intervention methods of HSCT patients' psychological distress were reported, including psychobehavioural therapy, exercise therapy, music therapy, health education intervention and palliative care. These intervention methods have been proved to reduce patients' bad mood, improve psychological state, reduce the level of psychological distress and improve the quality of life of patients. This series of studies provides the basis and theoretical guidance for the implementation of nursing interventions for HSCT patients. At the same time, a multi-centre, large-sample longitudinal study should be conducted in China in the future to further clarify the influencing factors and mechanism of HSCT patients' psychological distress and explore a practical, safe and feasible intervention program. This paper reviews the above content through literature review. |
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