| 2014—2020年广州市HIV职业暴露变化趋势及暴露后预防相关因素分析 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 赵宇腾,蔡衍珊,刘方华,韩志刚.2014—2020年广州市HIV职业暴露变化趋势及暴露后预防相关因素分析[J].华南预防医学,2022,48(7):777-781. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 赵宇腾 蔡衍珊 刘方华 韩志刚 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东 510440 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 广州市科技计划基础与应用基础研究项目（202102080260） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 目的 分析广州市HIV职业暴露情况,为加强HIV职业暴露防护工作提供依据。方法 收集并分析2014—2020年广州市报告的HIV职业暴露个案,内容包括暴露者的基本情况、暴露方式、暴露等级与暴露源感染情况、暴露后紧急处理方式、暴露后预防用药时间及暴露者HIV抗体检测等信息。结果 2014—2020年,广州市累计报告HIV职业暴露个案455例,医务人员占86.8%（395/455）,锐器损伤占54.3%（247/455）,II级暴露占63.3%（288/455）,规范化暴露后处理占93.8%（427/455）,暴露后2 h内预防用药占35.4%（161/455）;医务人员暴露后2 h内预防用药比例高于警务人员（P<0.01）;男性、锐器损伤、皮肤/黏膜接触暴露、I级暴露、暴露源为轻度、强化用药方案、2 h内及2~24 h内预防用药的构成比均呈上升趋势（P<0.05或P<0.01）;传染病专科医院、II级暴露、超过24 h预防用药的比例呈下降趋势（均P<0.01）;传染病专科医疗机构暴露个案更倾向于及早预防用药（OR=0.305）,暴露源不明的暴露个案预防用药时间更晚（OR=2.713）。结论 应重点提高医护人员和一线警务人员防护意识及技能,增加暴露后预防用药的便利性;同时加强暴露源检测,减少对预防用药及时性的影响。
|
| 关 键 词： | HIV 职业暴露 暴露后预防 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-27 |
Trend of occupational exposure on HIV and related factors of post-exposure prophylaxis in Guangzhou, 2014-2020 |
| |
| ZHAO Yu-teng,CAI Yan-san,LIU Fang-hua,HAN Zhi-gang.Trend of occupational exposure on HIV and related factors of post-exposure prophylaxis in Guangzhou, 2014-2020[J].South China JOurnal of Preventive Medicine,2022,48(7):777-781. |
| |
| Authors: | ZHAO Yu-teng CAI Yan-san LIU Fang-hua HAN Zhi-gang |
| |
| Affiliation: | Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510240, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Objective To analyze the occupational exposure on HIV in Guangzhou to provide a basis for strengthening the prevention of HIV occupational exposure. Methods Collected and analyzed the HIV occupational exposure cases reported in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2020, including the basic information, exposure mode, exposure grade, exposure source infection, post-exposure emergency treatment, post-exposure preventive medication time, and HIV antibody detection of the exposed person. Results From 2014 to 2020, 455 cases of HIV occupational exposure were reported in Guangzhou. Medical staff accounted for 86.8% （395/455）, sharp instrument injury accounted for 54.3% （247/455）, grade II exposure accounted for 63.3% （288/455）, correct emergency treatments after exposure accounted for 93.8% （427/455）, taking preventive medicine within 2 hours after HIV exposure accounted for 35.4% （161/455）. The proportion of prophylactic drugs in medical staff within 2 hours after exposure was higher than that in police personnel （P<0.01）. The constituent ratios of male, sharp instrument injury, skin / mucosal contact exposure, grade I exposure, mild exposure source, intensive drug regimen, taking preventive medicine within 2 hours and 2-24 hours showed an upward trend （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The constituent ratio of infectious disease hospital, grade II exposure, and preventive medication for more than 24 hours showed a downward trend （all P<0.01）. The cases exposed in infectious disease hospitals were more inclined to early preventive medication （OR=0.305）; The time of preventive medication was later in cases with unknown exposure source （OR=2.713）. Conclusion We should focus on improving the protection awareness and skills of medical staff and front-line police personnel and increasing the convenience of preventive medication after exposure. At the same time, we should strengthen the detection of exposure sources to reduce the impact on the timeliness of preventive medication. |
| |
| Keywords: | HIV Occupational exposure Post-exposure prophylaxis Influencing factor |
|
| 点击此处可从《华南预防医学》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《华南预防医学》下载全文 |
|
