Dopamine genes and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review |
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| Authors: | DiMaio Salvatore Grizenko Nathalie Joober Ridha |
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| Affiliation: | Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. |
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| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: To review the results of genetic studies investigating dopamine-related genes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DATA SOURCES: Papers (association/linkage, meta-analyses and animal model studies) were identified through searches of the PubMed database and systematically reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Consistent results from molecular genetic studies are pointing strongly to the possible link between 2 specific genes, the dopamine transporter (SLC3A6) and the dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4), and ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The implication of SLC6A3 and DRD4 genes in ADHD appears to be one of the most replicated in psychiatric genetics and strongly suggests the involvement of the brain dopamine systems in the pathogenesis of ADHD. However, more work is required to further these findings by genotype-to-phenotype correlations and identify the functional allelic variants/mutations that are responsible for these associations. The role of other dopamine genes, which may have smaller effects than SLC6A3 and DRD4, needs also to be determined. |
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