| 我国西南地区居民饮食误区现况调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 苏雨,' target='_blank'>,,赵文,' target='_blank'>,,赵聆希,' target='_blank'>,,刘佳睿,曾缓,' target='_blank'>,,赵勇,' target='_blank'>,,.我国西南地区居民饮食误区现况调查[J].现代预防医学,2022,0(18):3310-3315. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苏雨 ' target='_blank'> 赵文 ' target='_blank'> 赵聆希 ' target='_blank'> 刘佳睿 曾缓 ' target='_blank'> 赵勇 ' target='_blank'> |
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| 作者单位： | 1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院，重庆 400016；2.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心，重庆 400016；3.重庆医科大学第一临床学院；4.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心，重庆 400016；5.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童营养与健康重庆市重点实验室，重庆 400014 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解西南地区居民饮食误区的现况及其影响因素，为促进居民对饮食误区的正确认知及针对性营养宣教提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法进行调查，抽取西南地区（重庆、四川、云南、贵州）7 945名居民，面对面问卷调查。结果 48.31%居民了解补钙的最佳食物，仅有21.65%的居民了解补铁食物，有77.10%的居民不赞同“吃野生动物更有营养”，居民对“素食比荤素搭配更有益”、“红色食物补血”的态度持赞同的分别为45.28%、26.86%。有50.80%的居民赞同“食物相生相克”。不同性别、年龄、地区、职业、教育程度、收入、BMI的居民对饮食误区有差异，且差异有统计学意义，P＜0.001；回归分析显示:女性（OR = 0.87，95%CI:0.83～0.90）、城市居民（OR = 0.90，95%CI:0.86～0.94）、学生（OR = 0.74，95%CI:0.68～0.82）及白领（OR = 0.80，95%CI:0.74～0.86）、高教育程度（OR = 0.75，95%CI:0.70～0.80）、高收入（OR = 0.90，95%CI:0.85～0.96）的居民是对饮食误区认知的保护因素，超重（OR = 1.05，95%CI:1.00～1.11）、肥胖（OR = 1.10，95%CI:1.01～1.20）的居民对饮食误区认知是危险因素。结论 我国西南地区居民普遍存在饮食误区，对补铁、补钙食物来源的认知不够，大部分居民存在以下误区:“食物相生相克”、“红色食物补血”、“素食比荤素搭配更有益”。在进行营养健康宣教时应加强对男性、年龄偏大、农村地区、少数民族、教育程度较低、工人、低收入、BMI 不正常的居民进行营养知识科普，着重宣传补铁、补钙的途径，提高营养知识知晓率，纠正饮食文化误区，促进慢性疾病的预防。
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| 关 键 词： | 饮食误区 西南地区 饮食认知 饮食态度 |
A survey on the current situation of dietary misconceptions among residents in southwest China |
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| SU Yu,ZHAO Wen,ZHAO Ling-xi,LIU Jia-rui,ZENG Huan,ZHAO Yong.A survey on the current situation of dietary misconceptions among residents in southwest China[J].Modern Preventive Medicine,2022,0(18):3310-3315. |
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| Authors: | SU Yu ZHAO Wen ZHAO Ling-xi LIU Jia-rui ZENG Huan ZHAO Yong |
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| Affiliation: | *School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To understand the current situation of dietary misconceptions and their influencing factors among residents in southwest China, and to provide reference for promoting correct knowledge of dietary misconceptions and targeted nutrition education. Methods A total of 7 945 residents in southwestern China (Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) were selected by convenience sampling method, and the face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted. Results Among the participants, 48.31% of the residents knew the food for calcium supplement, only 21.65% of the residents knew about the food iron supplement, 77.1% of the residents did not agree that “eating wild animals is more nutritious”, 45.28% of the residents agreed that “vegetarian diet is more beneficial than meat and vegetarian diet”, 26.86% of residents agree that “red food is good for the blood”, and 50.80% of the residents agreed with “mutual generation and restriction among foods”. There were statistically significant differences among residents with different genders, ages, regions, occupations, education levels, incomes, and BMI (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that residents being women (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.83-0.90), urban residents (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.86-0.94), students (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.68-0.82), white-collar (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.74-0.86), highly educated (OR=0.75, 95%CI:0.70-0.80), and with high income (OR=0.90, 95%CI:0.85-0.96) were protective factors for dietary misconceptions, and overweight (OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.00-1.11) and obese (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.01-1.20) residents were risk factors for dietary misconceptions. Conclusion There are still deep dietary misunderstandings among residents in southwestern China, and they do not have enough awareness of the sources of iron and calcium supplements. Most of the residents mistakenly believe that “there is mutual generation and restriction among foods”, “red food supplements blood”, and “vegetarian food is more beneficial than meat and vegetable combination”. In the nutritional health education, we should strengthen the nutritional knowledge popularization for men, older people, rural areas, ethnic minorities, less educated people, workers, low-income people, and people with abnormal BMI, focus on the ways of iron and calcium supplementation, improve the knowledge rate of nutrition, correct the misconceptions of dietary culture, and promote the prevention of chronic diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Dietary misconceptions Southwest region Diet cognition Diet attitude |
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