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Prediction of paclitaxel sensitivity by CDK1 and CDK2 activity in human breast cancer cells
Authors:Satoshi Nakayama  Yasuhiro Torikoshi  Takeshi Takahashi  Tomokazu Yoshida  Tamotsu Sudo  Tomoko Matsushima  Yuko Kawasaki  Aya Katayama  Keigo Gohda  Gabriel N Hortobagyi  Shinzaburo Noguchi  Toshiyuki Sakai  Hideki Ishihara  Naoto T Ueno
Affiliation:1. Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, 651-2271, Kobe, Japan
2. Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
3. Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
4. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
5. Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
6. Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
Abstract:

Introduction

Paclitaxel is used widely in the treatment of breast cancer. Not all tumors respond to this drug, however, and the characteristics that distinguish resistant tumors from sensitive tumors are not well defined. Activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint is required for paclitaxel-induced cell death. We hypothesized that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 activity and CDK2 activity in cancer cells, which reflect the activation state of the spindle assembly checkpoint and the growth state, respectively, predict sensitivity to paclitaxel.

Methods

Cell viability assays and DNA and chromatin morphology analyses were performed in human breast cancer cell lines to evaluate sensitivity to paclitaxel and the cell cycle response to paclitaxel. We then examined the specific activities of CDK1 and CDK2 in these cell lines and in xenograft models of human breast cancer before and after paclitaxel treatment. Protein expression and kinase activity of CDKs and cyclins were analyzed using a newly developed assay system.

Results

In the cell lines, biological response to paclitaxel in vitro did not accurately predict sensitivity to paclitaxel in vivo. Among the breast cancer xenograft tumors, however, tumors with significantly increased CDK1 specific activity after paclitaxel treatment were sensitive to paclitaxel in vivo, whereas tumors without such an increase were resistant to paclitaxel in vivo. Baseline CDK2 specific activity was higher in tumors that were sensitive to paclitaxel than in tumors that were resistant to paclitaxel.

Conclusions

The change in CDK1 specific activity of xenograft tumors after paclitaxel treatment and the CDK2 specific activity before paclitaxel treatment are both associated with the drug sensitivity in vivo. Analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase activity in the clinical setting could be a powerful approach for predicting paclitaxel sensitivity.
Keywords:
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